Experimental study on compressive strengths of thick-walled cold-formed sections

This paper describes an experimental study on the compressive strengths of cold-formed thick-walled steel sections. A total of 18 stub columns with plate thickness ranging from 8 to 12 mm were tested to determine the section capacities of the cold-formed thick-walled steel columns. Material properties were obtained from flat and corner tensile coupon tests. Effects of cold forming on material properties were investigated. The stub column test strengths were compared with the design compressive strengths specified by the Australian/New Zealand and Chinese standards for cold-formed steel structures. It has been shown that the design strengths predicted by these two standards using material properties obtained from the flat coupon tests are quite conservative, while the design strengths based on the average design yield stress of the full section are less conservative.     

A case study in evaluating the status of consolidation of a soft soil deposit by incomplete piezocone dissipation tests using laboratory and field data

By using the piezocone penetration test (PCPT or CPTu), one can develop not only a better understanding of the soil stratification, but also an understanding of soil behavior parameters related to soil compressibility, as well as soil strength. This paper describes a case study that utilizes incomplete piezocone dissipation test to estimate status of consolidation of a soil deposit. Incomplete pore pressure dissipation record of PCPT is extrapolated on an inverse time scale (1/t method) to estimate the “in situ” pore pressure and “residual excess” pore pressure. No case study has been reported in open literature where this methodology has been utilized to estimate the status of consolidation of the soil deposit. In this paper, the 1/t method was verified using dissipation data from rigorous calibration chamber tests and field test data.     

全风化花岗岩地层岩芯钻探孔壁稳定性分析

使用回转钻探取芯工艺的地质勘探中,在遇到全风化花岗岩地层时,易产生塌孔埋钻事故,导致取芯失败。本文对孔壁被水浸泡和未被浸泡两种状态进行了受力分析,探讨了影响孔壁稳定性的一些因素。然后从钻井液、钻具及施工操作三方面提出了使全风化花岗岩孔壁稳定性的措施。通过上述分析,对全风化岩层这些特殊类岩土的钻探工作提供了参考,有利于取芯钻进的顺利进行。     

双向正交空心楼盖和密肋楼盖试验比较研究

通过双向正交楼盖和密肋楼盖在短期荷载作用下的试验比较分析,验证了芯模对楼盖的现浇混凝土的粘结性能、破坏形态、楼板刚度、极限承载力等基本力学性能的影响,对正确地进行设计、确保结构的安全使用、降低工程造价将起到非常重要的作用。     

A laboratory study on stone matrix asphalt using ground tire rubber

This research investigated the feasibility using asphalt rubber (AR), produced by blending ground tire rubber (GTR) with an asphalt, as a binder for stone matrix asphalt (SMA). Two different sizes of GTR produced in Taiwan were used. The potential performance of AR–SMA mixtures was also evaluated. The results of this study showed that it was not feasible to produce a suitable SMA mixture using an asphalt rubber made by blending an AC-20 with 30% coarse GTR with a maximum size of 0.85 mm. However, SMA mixtures meeting typical volumetric requirements for SMA could be produced using an asphalt rubber containing 20% of a fine GTR with a maximum size of 0.6 mm. No fiber was needed to prevent drain-down when this asphalt rubber was used. The AR–SMA mixtures were not significantly different from the conventional SMA mixtures in terms of moisture susceptibility from the results of AASHTO T283 tests. The results of the wheel tracking tests at 60 °C show that rutting resistance of AR–SMA mixtures was better than that of the conventional SMA mixtures.     

Durability of masonry systems: A laboratory study

We deal with the textural aspects, porometry and hydric behaviour of combinations of building materials and their durability under attack by salt crystallisation and freezing. We selected 4 types of lime mortar (pure lime mortar, lime mortar + air-entraining agent, lime mortar + pozzolana and lime mortar + air-entraining agent + pozzolana) which were used in combination with either brick or calcarenite stone. Lime mortars were chosen because they are compatible with traditional building materials, including the bricks and calcarenites that were widely used in the historical buildings that make up our architectural heritage. There are more similarities between the pore size ranges in calcarenites and mortars than there are between those in bricks and mortars. In all cases, a fine layer of calcite microcrystals develops at the contact surface between the mortar and the stone or brick. This is produced by the transformation of the portlandite, which concentrates in this area due to capillary moisture migration. This surface may on the one hand represent an obstacle to the flow of water between the different parts of the system formed by these materials, but on the other it may also favour greater adherence between the components, especially in the calcarenite + mortar combination, which proved to be the most resistant to deterioration in the freeze–thaw tests.     

A laboratory study of landfill-leachate transport in soils

Continuous flow experiments were conducted using sand-packed columns to investigate the relative significance of bacterial growth, metal precipitation, and anaerobic gas formation on biologically induced clogging of soils. Natural leachate from a local municipal landfill, amended with acetic acid, was fed to two sand-packed columns operated in upflow mode. Degradation of the influent acetic acid resulted in the production of methane and carbon dioxide, and simultaneous reduction of manganese, iron, and sulphate. Subsequent increase in the influent acetic acid concentration from 1750 to 2900 mg/l, and then to 5100 mg/l, led to rapid increase in the dissolved inorganic carbon, solution pH, and soil-attached biomass concentration at the column inlet, which promoted the precipitation of Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) as carbonate, and Fe(2+) as sulphide. An influent acetic acid concentration of 1750 mg/l decreased the soil's hydraulic conductivity from an initial value of 8.8 x 10(-3)cm/s to approximately 7 x 10(-5)cm/s in the 2-6 cm section of the column. Increasing the influent acetic acid to 5100 mg/l only further decreased the hydraulic conductivity to 3.6 x 10(-5)cm/s; rather, the primary effect was to increase the length of the zone experiencing reduced hydraulic conductivity from 0-6 cm to the entire column. As bioaccumulation was limited to the 0-5 cm section of the column, and the effect of metal precipitation was negligible, the reduction on the deeper sections of the column is attributed to gas flow, which was up to 1440 ml/day. Mathematical modelling shows that biomass accumulation and gas formation were equally significant in reducing the hydraulic conductivity, while metal precipitation contributed only up to 4% of the observed reduction.     

Thermo-hydro-mechanical characterisation of a bentonite-based buffer material by laboratory tests and numerical back analyses

This paper presents some laboratory tests performed on the bentonite used as buffer material in the engineered barrier experiment in Kamaishi mine in Japan and a collective effort of four research groups to characterise the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of the bentonite by comparing numerical calculations with the laboratory test results. Each research group used finite element programs with constitutive models capable to simulate both liquid and vapour flux of water, heat transfer, volume change, swelling pressure and mechanical deformation. Numerical calibrations were performed against results obtained from three types of laboratory tests: water infiltration tests, thermal gradient tests and swelling pressure tests. Parameter values, which could not be directly measured in laboratory tests, were obtained with these calculations.     

Analysis of loess fracture on slope stability based on centrifugal model tests

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Natural slopes are very common for the complicated topography in the loess area; meanwhile, many artificial slopes were produced by large-scale...     

基于平行螺纹电极的溶液电容影响因素的室内实验研究

为了探讨采用平行螺纹电极测得的溶液电容的可靠性,本文利用唯一变量法着重探讨了温度、电极间距、测定频率和溶液浓度对所测电容的影响。结果发现,溶液电容随温度升高而增大,随温度降低而减小;电容与平行螺纹电极间距的1/2次方左右成反比;电容在一定的测定频率下随溶液浓度的增加而线性增加;电容与频率的双对数呈近似线性递减的关系。这些研究成果为电容成像方法的建立以及电容参数与高密度电阻率勘探方法的耦合应用提供了科学依据,具有十分重要的意义。     

Thermal performance of borehole heat exchanger under groundwater flow: A case study from Baoding

The performance of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) depends strongly on the heat transfer between the soil and borehole heat exchangers (BHEs). In the present work, a thermal performance experiment of a BHE under groundwater flow was conducted in Baoding, China. Based on the measurement of the natural ground temperature profile, a simplified theoretical model was presented to estimate the characteristics of groundwater flow. The results showed that the presence of groundwater had an obvious influence on the temperature profile in the aquifer. Due to the strong groundwater advection, the thermal performance of the BHE was enhanced. The enhanced effect depends to a great extent on the distribution and thickness percentage of the ground layer with the greatest groundwater flow. In the present case, the heat injection and heat extraction of the BHE were enhanced on average by 9.8% and 12.9%, respectively, compared with the case without groundwater flow, when the total thickness of coarse sand and gravel layer as a percentage of the borehole depth was 10.6%. This enhanced effect is favorable for reducing the possible imbalance between heat injection and extraction from and to the ground, which is helpful for the long-term operation of GSHP systems.     

中空窗玻璃贴低辐射膜的性能研究

热阻和太阳能透过率是分别反映窗玻璃热工性能和光学性能的参数.在不贴膜和室内贴低辐射膜2种情况下,对中空窗玻璃的热阻和太阳能透过率进行实验研究,分析和比较2种情况下的窗玻璃性能及其对节能性的影响.结果表明,实验所用中空窗的固定窗和推拉窗2部分,贴膜后传热阻分别增大31.1%和40.7%,传热系数分别降低23.7%和28.8%.对于玻璃的太阳能透过率,贴膜后从40%减少到28.6%,透过玻璃的辐射热减少28.5%.     

整体式与带缝分体式空心RC剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

进行了四个整体式及四个带缝分体式空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙试件在低周反复水平荷载下的试验,研究了试件的承载力、刚度及衰减过程、延性、耗能性能、滞回特性、破坏特征、钢筋的应变情况。结果表明:整体式空心剪力墙的裂缝分布形态主要以剪切斜裂缝为主,呈现出剪切破坏形态;带缝分体式空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙以弯剪裂缝为主,呈现出延性的弯剪破坏形态;改变带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙竖缝两侧暗柱配筋,可使墙体抗剪承载力不降低而其延性与变形能力得到提高。     

溴氰菊酯防治黄肢散白蚁（Reticulitermes flaviceps）的室内药效试验

用点滴法测定了溴氰菊酯对黄肢散白蚁（Reticulitermesflaviceps）的接触毒性，并进行了驱避作用试验。结果表明，溴氰菊酯对黄肢散白蚁的LD50为0．11ng／头；当土壤中溴氰菊酯的浓度为1ppm时，白蚁穿过的土层多巨离为1．00±0．10cm，土壤中浓度≥10ppm时，溴氰菊酯能阻止白蚁穿透，室内接触毒性和驱避作用试验均表明溴氰菊酯对黄肢散白蚁的防治效果优于氯丹。     

复合自保温砌块热工性能数值模拟研究

选取轻集料混凝土小型空心砌块与保温材料组合形成的复合自保温砌块作为研究对象,通过Fluent软件进行数值模拟研究.得到孔型、保温材料厚度、材料热工性能等对砌块热工性能的影响.可为复合自保温砌块在贵州省的应用提供理论依据.     

混凝土小型空心砌块专用砌筑砂浆试验研究

通过试验研究,确定混凝土小型空心砌块专用砌筑砂浆的配合比,改善砂浆的保水性、和易性、粘结性,从而有效地提高砌体的抗压强度和抗剪强度。该课题为河北省建设厅基金项目（编号2004—126）。     

花岗岩渣粉生产空心砌块的试验研究

用花岗岩开采中废弃的石渣和石粉，通过正交试验配制出以废渣粉取代砂、性能满足GB 8239-1997《普通混凝土小型空心砌块》要求的混凝土空心砌块。系统地研究了水胶比、水泥用量、粉渣比对花岗石渣粉混凝土抗压强度，劈拉强度，软化系数的影响，确定了生产普通强度等级混凝土空心砌块的最优工艺条件。