Predicting pile dynamic capacity via application of an evolutionary algorithm

This study presents the development of a new model obtained from the correlation of dynamic input and SPT data with pile capacity. An evolutionary algorithm, gene expression programming (GEP), was used for modelling the correlation. The data used for model development comprised 24 cases obtained from existing literature. The modelling was carried out by dividing the data into two sets: a training set for model calibration and a validation set for verifying the generalization capability of the model. The performance of the model was evaluated by comparing its predictions of pile capacity with experimental data and with predictions of pile capacity by two commonly used traditional methods and the artificial neural networks (ANNs) model. It was found that the model performs well with a coefficient of determination, mean, standard deviation and probability density at 50% equivalent to 0.94, 1.08, 0.14, and 1.05, respectively, for the training set, and 0.96, 0.95, 0.13, and 0.93, respectively, for the validation set. The low values of the calculated mean squared error and mean absolute error indicated that the model is accurate in predicting pile capacity. The results of comparison also showed that the model predicted pile capacity more accurately than traditional methods including the ANNs model.     

Genetic programming approach for prediction of compressive strength of concretes containing rice husk ash

Soft computing techniques have recently been widely used to model some of human activities in many areas of civil engineering applications. In this paper, two models in gene expression programming (GEP) approach for predicting compressive strength of concretes containing rice husk ash have been developed at the age of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days. For purpose of building the models, experimental results for 188 specimens produced with 41 different mixture proportions are obtained from the literature. According to these experimental results, the models are arranged by using seven different input variables in GEP approach. In according to these input variables, the compressive strength values from mechanical properties of concretes containing rice husk ash are predicted in GEP approach models. The results of training, testing and validation sets of the models are compared with experimental results. All of the results showed that GEP is a strong technique for the prediction of compressive strength values of concretes containing rice husk ash.     

基于BP神经网络的静压桩承载力时间效应预测

基于珠海软土地区3根PHC管桩隔时复压试验数据,采用BP神经网络建立了静压桩承载力时间效应的BP神经网络模型来预测静压桩的长期承载力。在建模过程中将桩长、桩截面积、土体摩擦角、土体变形模量、渗透系数、最终压桩力及休止期等与静压桩承载力密切相关的7个参数引入到输入层,用Visual Basic语言编制了以最终压桩力和休止期为主要输入因素的计算程序,程序可以对比显示计算和实测曲线。在样本训练和学习过程中,任意选取2根桩的试验数据来预测第3根桩的长期承载力。通过对施工现场工程桩的试算,预测结果与实测值较为吻合,表明提出的BP神经网络模型用于预测静压桩长期承载力是切实可行的。     

基于ANFIS的单桩极限承载力预测及可靠度分析与设计

利用ANFIS较强的学习能力和模糊逻辑推理功能,建立了单桩竖向极限承载力预测的自适应网络模糊推理系统。该系统通过对静载荷试验成果的学习与预测检验,证明其预测精度良好、适用性强,因而具有较大的工程应用价值。基于该预测方法,采用无量纲随机变量的极限状态方程,结合宁波市桩基静载试桩资料进行单桩竖向极限承载力可靠度分析,利用最优化方法计算单桩承载力可靠指标,并提出了单桩可靠度设计方法。     

几种单桩竖向极限承载力预测模型的对比分析

结合天津市钻孔灌注桩静载荷试验资料 ,对几种常用的单桩极限承载力预测模型进行对比分析 ,提出了适于天津市区的单桩极限承载力预测模型     

基于沉降标准的卵砾石层中后注浆桩承载力预测

 用桩顶位移标准来确定桩的承载力对后注浆桩的设计有重要意义。在分析后注浆减小桩基沉降机制的基础上,通过对桩端位于卵砾石层的后注浆桩承载力提高量的统计分析得出在不同桩顶位移条件下承载力提高系数的分布情况,并通过正态分布函数进行拟合,给出一种基于沉降控制标准的后注浆承载力预测方法,并通过一个工程实例说明该方法的合理性。另外,统计表明在现有极限承载力设计体系下,当桩顶荷载对应于设计注浆桩承载力特征值时桩顶沉降比范围为1～2;当桩顶荷载对应于设计注浆桩极限承载力标准值时,桩顶沉降比范围为3～4。     

遗传算法在单桩极限承载力预测中的应用研究

结合灰色预测的检验方法,将后验差比值作为目标函数,采用遗传算法对单桩极限承载力进行了预测。应用实例表明,与传统灰色预测法相比,该方法能有效减小预测结果的后验差比值,并能得出更合理的桩基极限承载力。     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力设计公式的可靠性分析

通过水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的承载力设计公式,建立试计比的极限状态方程,利用各随机变量的概率分布及统计参数,计算被统计复合地基的平均可靠度指标,分析设计公式的可靠性。     

通莫静载法——大吨位人工挖孔桩承载力检测首次在成都某住宅楼工程建筑工地实施

将通莫静载法首次应用于成都某住宅楼建筑工地,对人工挖孔灌注桩进行单桩实体载荷试验以确定单桩极限承载力及桩周土侧摩阻力值.该方法突破了传统的荷载反力加荷方式,解决了上千吨大吨位人工挖孔桩单桩承载力检测的困难,这对成都地区建筑工程的大吨位人工挖孔灌注桩单桩承载力检测具有重大的指导意义,并值得在以后的工程中推广应用.     

Prediction of mode I fracture toughness of rock using linear multiple regression and gene expression programming

Prediction of mode I fracture toughness(KIC) of rock is of significant importance in rock engineering analyses. In this study, linear multiple regression(LMR) and gene expression programming(GEP)methods were used to provide a reliable relationship to determine mode I fracture toughness of rock. The presented model was developed based on 60 datasets taken from the previous literature. To predict fracture parameters, three mechanical parameters of rock mass including uniaxial compressive strength(...     

基于Lagrange数乘法的CFG桩复合地基优化设计

CFG桩复合地基是一种常见的用于处理软弱土层地基的技术方式,其通过调整桩径、桩距、桩长等不同参数,并铺设一定厚度的褥垫层,以提高地基承载力,从而满足承载设计要求。在实际应用中,往往是通过经验来试算几组布桩参数,只要满足设计承载力即可,但遇到较为复杂及工程量大的项目时,缺少相应的最优计算方法,会造成不必要的浪费。本文通过引入Lagrange数乘法,以桩径、桩距、桩长为可变量,以满足设计承载力为限制条件,建立数学模型,并通过线性函数拟合分析,分析各布桩参数对工程量的影响大小,从而得出最佳的布桩参数,以降低工程成本。     

Centrifuge modelling of the behaviour of pile groups under vertical eccentric load

Annular shaped pile groups are a very common foundation layout for onshore wind turbines and other slender structures. In this study, their performance under vertical loads of moderate to high eccentricity, including moment rotation response and bearing capacity, was investigated by centrifuge testing on small scale physical models embedded in kaolin clay. To identify experimentally the capacity of the examined pile groups under different load paths, the model foundations were loaded monotonically until a clear collapse mechanism was achieved. The testing procedure and the proposed interpretation methodology can be easily adapted to load paths or pile layouts other than those considered in the current study. The experimental data can be adopted as a useful benchmark for mathematical models aimed at predicting the response of pile groups to complex load paths. The results of this testing program can also be used to assess the degree of conservatism of current methods adopted by industry for the design of piled foundations subjected to eccentric loads.     

新型混凝土-碎石串联组合桩承载力计算

针对碎石桩容易在桩顶1～3倍桩径高度范围内发生鼓胀破坏现象,提出一种新型碎石桩复合地基:混凝土-碎石散体材料串联组合桩复合地基,并阐述了该新型复合地基的施工工艺。基于计算深基础承载力Meyerhof法,采用多滑块破坏模型,建立了混凝土-碎石散体材料串联组合桩深层鼓胀破坏计算模型,通过随机优化算法寻找临界滑动面,计算得到其单桩极限承载力。将该新型组合桩的承载力理论计算值与数值仿真计算结果、传统碎石桩承载力试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:提出的多滑块解析计算方法准确性较好;新型桩的承载力比传统碎石桩承载力有了明显提高,相较于传统碎石桩,新型组合桩在混凝土桩段长度1 m时承载力计算值提高了32.76%,在混凝土桩段长度2 m时,承载力计算值提高了54.74%。     

螺纹桩承载机理及承载力计算方法

螺纹桩是一种全新的带螺牙的混凝土灌注桩。根据理论分析和试验研究,当螺纹桩螺牙间距较小时,受力时螺牙带动周围土一起移动,类似多节扩孔桩受力;当螺纹桩承载力达到极限时,桩身沿螺牙外侧的圆柱面破坏,承载力为桩侧提供的承载力及桩端阻力。通过整理目前螺纹桩承载力的几种计算公式,对几种它们的优、缺点进行分析。为方便设计计算,在传统直杆桩承载力计算方法基础上提出了一种螺纹桩承载力计算新的方法,对计算方法中螺纹桩等效侧阻较干作业钻孔桩侧阻的增强系数进行了理论分析,最后结合实际工程进行统计分析,并提出工程设计中增强系数的经验取值。     

桩侧注浆与扩底抗拔桩的极限载荷试验研究

相比于传统等截面抗拔桩,桩侧注浆抗拔桩和扩底抗拔桩能大幅提高抗拔承载力,具有较高的工程应用前景。笔者开展了有效桩长19 m的桩侧注浆抗拔桩和扩底抗拔桩的极限载荷对比试验,各3根试桩,均加载至极限破坏状态,同时开展桩身轴力与变形量测。从荷载位移曲线、桩身轴力分布规律、桩侧摩阻力发挥特性等方面对两种桩型进行了对比分析。试验表明,两种桩型相比于等截面抗拔桩的承载力提高机理不同:桩侧注浆使得有效桩长范围内各层土桩侧摩阻力普遍得到增强,实测桩侧摩阻力比勘察建议值提高33%~73%。扩底抗拔桩中等截面段侧摩阻力的发挥与勘察报告建议值相当,扩大头提供的抗拔承载力随加载值的增大而逐步发挥,在最大加载值时,扩大头承载力达到总加载的55%,超过等截面段桩侧摩阻力,扩大头的存在对于提高抗拔承载力作用明显。     

西宁火车站地下空间抗浮桩抗拔承载力试验研究

抗拔桩的应用愈来愈广泛。在进行抗拔桩设计时,通常是以桩的抗压侧摩阻力乘以折减系数λ_i(抗拔系数)作为抗拔侧摩阻力去计算桩的抗拔承载力。但由于抗拔系数λ_i的影响因素较多,取值区间较大,可能造成抗拔侧摩阻力的不准确性。利用原型试验测试抗拔桩的极限承载力是最直观、最准确方法。本文选择三根试桩进行破坏性静载试验,最大加载量为8 000 kN,得到抗拔桩的极限承载力,为设计提供客观参考。根据静载试验得到的Q-S曲线,运用MATLAB软件采用最小二乘法分别拟合出三种抗拔极限承载力预测函数模型的曲线,提出了适合该地区的抗拔桩极限承载力预测模型。     

打入桩荷载-沉降性状的时间效应分析

关于沉桩结束后打入桩承载力的时效性现象，目前已经开展大量的研究。然而，有关试桩荷载-沉降曲线时效性的模拟方法却鲜见报道。首先，简要分析打入桩时效性的产生机制。然后，基于荷载传递法，提出一种估算沉桩后单桩荷载-沉降性状时效性的新方法。2个量纲一的时间效应系数被加入到传统的荷载传递函数中，以分别描述桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力随时间的变化。修改后的荷载传递函数可考虑沉桩后任意间歇期的单桩荷载-沉降性状。采用该方法对一个工程实例的打入桩荷载-沉降性状进行验证分析，计算结果与试桩荷载-沉降实测曲线吻合较好。     

昆明地区桩承载力自平衡法测试的应用及研究

自平衡法是一种新型的桩承载力的测试方法,与传统静载荷试验方法相比,具有许多优点。东南大学土木工程学院对昆明市昆洛路改扩建工程中几座立交桥的6根试桩进行了承载力自平衡法测试。本文概述了自平衡法的基本原理,介绍了昆明地区这次测试的应用情况,并对测得的数据进行了整理和分析研究。分析研究结果表明,这次测试取得了较好的试验效果,为设计提供了可靠的依据。     

动力测定桩承载力的若干问题

本文总结了桩基承载力的检测方法，包括桩基承载力的基本概念、确定承载力的不同方法、加载速度对桩基承载力的影响及各种动测方法；并讨论了桩基动测的现状和发展方向。     

自平衡法在预应力管桩承载力测试中的应用和对比分析

自平衡法是一种新型的桩基承载力测试方法,与传统静载荷试验方法相比具有许多优点。采用自平衡试桩法对东南大学江宁九龙湖校区研究生公寓的3根预应力混凝土管桩进行了承载力测试,并成功地探索出回收荷载箱并可再次利用的新型测试方案。研究结果表明,自平衡法在管桩测试中取得了较好的效果,可为设计提供可靠依据。