原料价格上调 钛铁涨价困难

近期，铝粉市场价格上涨，其中锦州地区铝粉市场价格由原先的20800元／t一路上调到21500元／t。另外，钛矿价格也持续上涨，有些地区短短数月钛矿平均上涨近200元／t。目前还原钛用的TiO2〉50％，P〈0．035％的钛矿不含税价在900元／t左右。由于海绵钛投资热和高钛渣的工厂纷纷建立，使得对钛矿的需求相应增加，从而使得钛矿供货紧张价格上涨。预计钛矿的需求还将保持旺盛。。     

昆明有色冶金设计研究院股份公司钛电炉冶炼工程

云南新立有色金属有限公司高钛渣项目是2007年云南省级重点项目。是该公司60kt／a氯化法钛白粉项目的主要组成部分。项目建设规模为8万t／a高钛渣和6万t／a生铁．投资7亿元。     

密闭直流电弧炉冶炼钛渣热量平衡研究

密闭直流电弧炉冶炼生产钛渣利用输入电能进行加热,在高温情况下,钛精矿中的FeO和TiO2发生还原反应.反应进行程度影响熔池内渣的粘度,进而影响炉壁挂渣层的厚度和排渣排铁的难易程度,故还原反应过程必须控制输入能量使DC炉系统达到热量平衡；输入能量过高会使熔池内的渣过热,挂渣层变薄,造成炉壁腐蚀；输入能量过低,会导致渣的粘度明显增大,造成排渣困难,并产生泡沫渣.根据理论计算,每冶炼1t钛精矿需要消耗约911.55kWh的能量,云南某公司加料速率为5t钛精矿/h,钛精矿碳热还原,理论上需要消耗约4557.734kWh的电耗.能量支出方面有物料带走的物理热、炉壁和炉顶冷却水热损失、炉底风冷热损失、电力设备热损失以及少量未预见热损失,钛精矿冶炼过程中,能量的输出和输入是基本相等的,热量处于平衡状态.     

世界钛工业未来发展几大趋势

国外现有6座海绵钛生产工厂，除美国Timet公司的产能为8000t／a外，其它的年产能均在万吨以上。其中日本海绵钛生产的氯耗为0．9t／t海绵钛，还蒸电耗为2500 kWh／t海绵钛，均低于国内企业的同类指标。     

机械工业钛应用“十五”发展规划设想和21世纪初推广应用项目建议

自70年代以来，我国钛推广应用取得了一定的成绩，但目前我国钛应用规模不大，估计每年用钛仅2000t左右，而且大部分由冶金系统自己加工制造，直接由机械部门完成的钛机械产品每年在300t—500t．机械工业用钛仅局限于一些大型机械产品和特殊机械产品，20多年来发展比较缓慢，应用规模较小．1关于机械工业“十五”用钛发展规划的设想如果在“十五”期间我国钛工业能发展到10000t／a加工材水平，机械行业如果能承担5000t的钛机械产品制造任务，则提出下面的机械工业用钛的发展和规划设想．1．1发展高大精尖钛机械产品在我国现行经济体制下，机…     

西南铝熔铸节能工作卓有成效

西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司熔铸厂在节能工作方面成绩卓著，2006年1月至9月该厂共生产铸锭166kt。其电耗同比下降2kWh／t，节电33200kWh；移峰填谷措施节电196 126kWh；天然气同比下降1m^3／t，节约天然气166km^3。合计节约价值约43万余元。     

沙钢节能减排6项目被认定为“中国企业新记录”

沙钢2007年180t转炉全工序吨钢能耗为-16．18kg标准煤、2007年干熄焦高低压发电量122kWh／t、2007年12月建成国内首创高精度大规格转炉特钢大棒材生产线、2007年新建总储煤量64万t的64个大型节能环保型储配煤筒仓、2007年电炉炼钢制造成本仅2398．27元／t，以及2008年3月29日3座180t转炉日产126炉钢，均创全国同行业新记录的6项目，被中国企业联合会和中国企业家协会共同组织举办的，由国内各行业著名专家组成的中国企业新记录审定委员会评审为“中国企业新记录”项目。这是沙钢在节能减排工作中取得的丰硕成果。     

龙蟒佰利两钛项目建设顺利推进

<正>龙蟒佰利股份有限公司2019年4月8日发布公告你,公司旗下两家子公司拟分别投资19.8亿元、15.1亿元新建30kt/a高端钛合金材料项目和500kt/a攀西钛精矿升级转化氯化钛渣创新工程项目,建设期均为2年。前一项目由公司旗下的新材料公司投资建设,将利用公司现有的大型富钛料生产装置、大型沸腾氯化法四氯化钛生产装置,采用先进技术建设低成本海绵钛生产装置发展高端钛合金材料;500kt/a攀西钛精矿升级转化氯化钛渣创新工程由公司四川龙蟒冶金     

无污染和低能耗电镀新工艺

最近,法国Delot工艺公司开发了一项不产生废液或废气的电镀新工艺,其能耗低于热浸(镀)工艺,成本要比涂环氧的工艺便宜40％。利用该项工艺,在钢部件上镀锌或锌一铝合金,耗电量为150kWh/t,而用热浸(镀)工艺则为400kWh/t。该项新工艺的具体过程如下:先对加工件进行清洗,并电加热至500℃温度。然后     

硼化钛涂层阴极铝电解槽的生产试验考核

由于研究成功一种较廉价的,适于用石墨化炉生产硼化钛粉的方法,为硼化钛阴极涂层的工业试验提供了条件,并在9台75kA侧插铝电解槽上试验成功。试验证明,电解槽避免了剧烈膨胀和变形,运行平稳,易于操作维护,有利于防止早期破损;试验槽电流效率提高1.44％;节电175～211kWh/t铝;炉膛规整,减轻了工人的劳动强度。根据试验情况预计试验槽寿命可延长2～3年。试验结果还表明,该项技术已趋于成熟。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.