基于动态字典学习的欠定盲语音重构算法

为提高传统字典学习方法选用固定的语音分段长度重构源信号的精度,提出基于动态字典学习的欠定盲语音重构算法,以提取信号中最优的稀疏表示特征。在欠定语音盲分离的两步法框架下,利用正则化Sim CO字典学习对信号进行稀疏表示,依据最速下降思想通过改变语音分段长度迭代优化信号的重构结果直至收敛,得到信号恢复的总体最优解。实验结果表明,相较传统算法,动态Sim CO字典学习算法进一步提取了信号在字典稀疏域的语音特征,在保证运行成本低的同时有效提高了欠定盲语音的重构质量。     

软判决稀疏字典的目标跟踪算法

为提高视频目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性,提出一种基于在线更新稀疏模板的自适应参数特征判别跟踪算法.该算法采用离线方式训练出基于方向梯度直方图特征的字典,用于目标表示和线性分类器训练,从而构建出非固定参数的观测模型;观测模型中动态调整的权重系数由采用正负模板构建形成的稀疏字典进行实时动态更新;将观测模型与粒子滤波相结合对当前帧的各候选采样进行观测,得出跟踪结果.实验结果表明,文中算法具有相对较好的鲁棒性.     

字典学习模型、算法及其应用研究进展

稀疏表示模型常利用训练样本学习过完备字典, 旨在获得信号的冗余稀疏表示. 设计简单、高效、通用性强的字典学习算法是目前的主要研究方向之一, 也是信息领域的研究热点. 基于综合稀疏模型的字典学习方法已经广泛应用于图像分类、图像去噪、图像超分辨率和压缩成像等领域. 近些年来, 解析稀疏模型、盲字典模型和信息复杂度模型等新模型的出现丰富了字典学习理论, 使得更广泛类型的信号能够被简单性描述. 本文详细介绍了综合字典、解析字典、盲字典和基于信息复杂度字典学习的基本模型及其算法, 阐述了字典学习的典型应用, 指出了字典学习的进一步研究方向.     

基于对偶字典学习的图像超分辨技术研究

提出一种基于对偶字典学习的图像超分辨方法,通过稀疏重建的方法得到重建的图像,对偶字典通过稀疏表示将低分辨图像和高分辨图像联系起来.在稀疏表示过程中,低分辨图像在低分辨字典上的稀疏表示能够很好地提高对应的高分辨图像在高分辨字典上的稀疏表示效果.将字典的学习建模为包含l1范数优化问题的双层最优化问题,采用隐微分法计算随机梯度下降的期望梯度.仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够达到和联合字典学习方法相同的速度和质量,同时,在实际应用中可以通过神经网络模型学习方法提高算法的速度.与现有的算法比较,表明了该算法的有效性.     

再生核Hilbert空间中两阶段稀疏表示目标跟踪算法

在强干扰复杂环境下,有效的特征选择对于目标跟踪模型的可解释性至关重要.针对这一问题,本文基于再生核Hilbert空间(RKHS)理论,对特征空间构建生成式的两阶段稀疏表示(TSSR)模型,从而描述图像样本与字典之间的非线性关系,避免了在字典中引入大量的琐碎模板.在第1阶段,首先建立图像样本与字典在原始低维空间中的关系,然后利用批处理最小二乘算法求得稀疏表示系数的初值,根据观测模型确定初始跟踪位置的分布;在第2阶段,首先利用核方法将原始低维空间映射到高维特征空间,然后提出一种基于核的加速近端梯度算法(KAPG),从而求得字典元素系数的核稀疏表示,最终确定跟踪目标.最后实验结果证明了本文所提出的TSSR方法在面对视角变化和部分遮挡时的有效性.     

基于K-SVD的最大似然稀疏表示体域网动作分类算法

为有效提高体域网动作分类性能,本文提出了一种基于K-SVD的最大似然稀疏表示体域网动作分类算法. 该算法首先基于K-SVD优化学习算法,将不同动作模式训练样本按其所属类别分组优化训练,避免各类样本数据训练时相互干扰,得到不同动作模式类别所属的子字典,然后将其拼合构成一个完整字典,准确稀疏表示测试样本,最后基于最大似然稀疏模型准确估计稀疏表示系数残差,并得到测试样本所属类别. 实验结果表明,本文所提算法能够获得最优字典,基于最大似然稀疏表示可准确估计测试动作样本稀疏表示残差. 所提算法识别率明显优于传统稀疏表示动作分类算法,可有效提高体域网动作模式分类性能.     

图像稀疏表示的结构自适应子空间匹配追踪算法研究

如何设计高效的图像稀疏表示模型及其分解算法是稀疏表示领域的研究热点.文中首先构建了图像的结构自适应多成分稀疏表示模型,该模型采用相对阈值标准对图像进行结构自适应的四叉树区域剖分,并将其分类为平滑、边缘和纹理结构的同性区域,构建与其结构形态相一致的多成分字典进行表示.进一步提出了一种结构自适应的子空间匹配追踪图像稀疏分解算法,将每一区域只在与其结构类型相一致的单一结构类型子成分字典中进行低维子空间搜索,降低了图像维数与字典搜索复杂度,提高了稀疏分解效率.实验结果验证了文中算法的有效性.     

基于过完备字典的鲁棒性单幅图像超分辨率重建模型及算法

针对单幅含噪图像的超分辨率重建问题,基于图像在过完备字典下的稀疏表示建立了超分辨率重建模型.该模型中低分辨率字典采用K-SVD算法直接训练,高分辨率字典则由高分辨率图像块与低分辨率字典下的同构的表示系数进行逼近求得;近似的高分辨率图像块通过高分辨率字典乘以表示系数得到,为使重建结果对噪声具有鲁棒性,利用基于稀疏表示的噪声图像恢复的方法由重叠的近似高分辨率图像块求得最终结果.实验结果表明,文中模型无论是主观视觉还是客观评价指标均取得了较好的效果,并验证了模型及算法的有效性.     

基于小波变换和K-SVD的应急广播语音压缩方法

针对应急广播中语音传输效率低的问题,提出了一种基于小波变换和K-奇异值分解（K-SVD）的语音压缩方法,以提升应急广播的信息传输时效性。首先,该方法舍弃语音小波分解得到的高频分量,在小波合成时用随机信号代替;其次,在低频分量的压缩感知过程中,用K-SVD字典学习算法训练的过完备字典对其稀疏表示;最后,采用改进的基于子空间回溯的广义正交匹配追踪算法重构信号。实验结果表明,在压缩效率为50%时,该方法重构应急广播语音的客观语音质量评分（PESQ）达到3.717,比其他对照算法分别提升了3%~47%,说明在保证压缩效率的同时,所提出的方法能提升应急广播语音重构质量,确保应急广播的传输时效性。     

面向乳腺病理图像分类的非相干字典学习及稀疏表示算法

针对乳腺病理图像分类,提出一种非相干字典学习及其稀疏表示算法.首先针对不同类别的图像,基于在线字典学习算法分别学习各类特定的子字典;其次利用紧框架建立一种非相干字典学习模型,通过交替投影优化字典的相干性、秩与紧框架性,从而有效地约束字典的格拉姆矩阵与参考格拉姆矩阵的距离,获得判别性更强的非相干字典;最后采用子空间旋转方法优化非相干字典的稀疏表示性能.利用乳腺癌数据集BreaKHis进行实验的结果证明,该算法所学习的非相干字典能平衡字典的判别性与稀疏表示性能,在良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤图像分类上获得了86.0%的分类精度;在良性肿瘤图像中的腺病与纤维腺瘤的分类上获得92.5%的分类精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。