鸡肉多肽酶解条件的研究

探索鸡肉多肽酶解的最佳条件。以鸡肉、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶为原料,酶解液中多肽浓度和最终多肽得率为指标,采用单因素和正交实验筛选鸡肉多肽酶解的最佳条件。结果：木瓜蛋白酶用量2．50％（[E]／[S],W/W）,底物浓度9％（[S]）,pH7．70,水解温度60℃,水解时N4h,多肽得率为58．22％。结论：木瓜蛋白酶能有效水解鸡肉获得鸡肉多肽,其酶解鸡肉多肽的得率比胰蛋白酶高。     

水解植物蛋白(HVP)的酶法制备及应用

利用胰蛋白酶水解豆粕粉来制备植物水解蛋白（HVP），确定了胰蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为：T=55℃，PH=8.0,E/S=2600u/g，固液比1：8，水解6h。得到了收率高，水溶性好的HVP。还举例说明了酶解HVP液在调味品方面的应用。     

金带细鲹鱼露制作过程中酶解工艺的研究

采用酶水解法对金带细鲹鱼的酶解工艺进行研究。以蛋白质的水解度为指标,采用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶进行水解,筛选出适宜的酶种类。对影响胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解效果的主要因素进行研究,并确定胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对金带细鲹鱼中的最适酶解工艺。胰蛋白酶最适酶解条件为温度45℃,时间5h,pH 8.0,加酶量2.0%(g/g),固液比为1∶5(g/g),在此条件下,水解度达到30.51%;木瓜蛋白酶最适酶解条件为温度60℃,时间4h,pH 6.0,加酶量2.0%(g/g),固液比1∶4(g/g),在此条件下,水解度达到18.51%。利用酶法水解制取鱼露,能缩短生产周期,提高原料的利用率。     

猪骨呈味物质提取的研究（Ⅰ）—酶解猪骨最佳工艺条件

本实验对猪骨酶解前的热处理和超声波预处理等前处理方法及木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶双酶水解猪骨工艺进行了研究。结果表明：猪骨热处理的最佳条件为温度90℃，时间10min；猪骨超声波预处理最佳反应条件是：总超声时间为10min、超声波功率为400W。猪骨酶解前经热处理后，水解度和氮收率分别提高了30.84%、10.99%；经超声波预处理后，水解度和氮收率分别提高了84.57%、66.45%；因此，超声波预处理要明显比热水预处理好。试验确定最佳的双酶水解工艺条件为底物浓度15%、E/S6000U/g、酶解时间4h、酶解温度50℃、酶解pH值7.5、木瓜蛋白酶量：胰蛋白酶量1：1。在确定的最佳条件下对猪骨进行超声波预处理和双酶水解，水解度为25.99%、氮收率为66.35%。     

双酶分步水解酱香型白酒丢糟中粗蛋白的工艺研究

以水解度(DH)和蛋白质得率为评价指标,研究了酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别对酱香型白酒丢糟中粗蛋白的水解效果。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的水解效果最好。在碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的水解条件单因素试验的基础上进行正交优化试验,得到两种酶的最佳水解条件。为进一步提高丢糟中粗蛋白的水解度和蛋白质得率,采用碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对酱香型白酒丢糟中粗蛋白进行分步酶法水解。结果表明,酱香型白酒丢糟中粗蛋白的最佳水解工艺条件为先用碱性蛋白酶酶解(酶解温度为55℃,料液质量比为1︰10,加酶量[E]/[S]为2.0%,p H 8.0,酶解时间为3 h),灭酶后,再用木瓜蛋白酶酶解(其他条件不变,加酶量[E]/[S]为0.2%,酶解时间为1 h)。在此条件下得到水解度和蛋白质得率,分别为32.91%,49.16%。     

不同酶酶解鸡胚蛋白工艺比较研究

以鸡胚蛋白为底物,通过单因素及正交试验,确定菠萝蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶对鸡胚蛋白水解的最佳工艺。结果表明：菠萝蛋白酶酶解鸡胚蛋白最佳工艺条件为底物质量分数6％、酶解温度55℃、pH5、酶解时间6h、酶与底物质量比（[E／S]）为1．5％,水解度可达45．53％;胰蛋白酶酶解鸡胚蛋白最佳工艺条件为底物质量分数6％、酶解温度55...     

鮰鱼皮明胶抗氧化肽的制备工艺研究

通过测定鮰鱼皮明胶蛋白酶解物对Fenton 体系产生的羟自由基的清除效果,筛选得出胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶酶解物具有较高的清除羟自由基(·OH)的活性;用正交试验L9(34)对胰蛋白酶的水解条件进行优化,确定最佳的水解条件为温度40℃、pH7.5、酶与底物质量浓度比(E/S)3.5%、底物质量浓度2.5g/100mL、酶解时间3h。此外,本研究还采用胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶进行了复合酶解试验,确定复合酶解的最佳水解条件为先用胰蛋白酶酶解3h,然后用胃蛋白酶酶解3h,此时得到的酶解液自由基清除率最高,达到47.38%。     

酶解脱脂虾粉制备多肽最佳工艺条件的研究

对酶法水解脱脂虾粉制备多肽的工艺进行了研究，试验以水解度(DH/%)和酸溶性肽得率(YASP／％)为指标，确定了用胰蛋白酶—木瓜蛋白酶混合酶法水解脱脂虾粉制取多肽的最佳酶解工艺条件为：胰蛋白酶—木瓜蛋白酶的酶量比为1：2(W／W)，总酶量为6000U，脱脂虾粉底物浓度为4％，pH7．0，温度60℃，反应时间6h的条件下，可使水解度和酸溶性肽得率分别达到25．91％和38．46％。     

酶法水解玉米蛋白工艺条件的优化

通过对中性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶复合酶来水解玉米蛋白粉制备多肽的工艺进行了研究，试验以水解度（DH%）为指标，确定了复合酶解的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：复合酶（中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶）比例为2：1，底物浓度为10％，pH为7.5，温度为45℃，在此条件下酶解2h，玉米蛋白的水解度达到15.36％。     

鹿龟酒鹿骨胶酶水解工艺条件的研究

用胰蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合水解鹿骨胶,考察pH值、酶水解温度、酶用量（E／S）、底物浓度对水解的影响。结果表明,鹿骨胶酶水解的最佳工艺条件为：酶解温度50℃,pH值为7．5,鹿骨胶浓度20％,酶用量8％,酶解时间8h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the