壳聚糖季铵盐对啤酒污水的絮凝研究

介绍了以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为改性剂接枝改性壳聚糖,制备了2-羟丙基三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐。用其对啤酒污水进行了絮凝处理,讨论了沉降时间,壳聚糖季铵盐的用量,pH值对啤酒污水絮凝效果的影响。结果表明:当沉降时间t=18 min,壳聚糖季铵盐添加量为10 mg/L,pH=8时,絮凝效果最好,污水的浊度值可降至3.5。     

壳聚糖季铵盐对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝处理

介绍了以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为改性剂接枝改性壳聚糖,制备了2-羟丙基三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐。用其处理高岭土的悬浮液,讨论了沉降时间、壳聚糖季铵盐的用量、pH值对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当沉降18 min,壳聚糖季铵盐添加量为8 mg/L,pH=4时,絮凝效果最好,污水的浊度值可降至1.2。     

离子液体中制备壳聚糖季铵盐及其絮凝效果研究

采用一步合成法制备了离子液体甘氨酸盐酸盐,以其水溶液为反应介质,壳聚糖与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵进行季铵化反应,得到壳聚糖季铵盐,并将其用于中药废水的絮凝处理.考察了温度、时间、反应物配比及离子液体浓度对季铵盐取代度的影响,以及季铵盐加入量、pH、搅拌时间对絮凝效果的影响.实验结果表明,在离子液体中进行的季铵化反应效率及产品取代度均高于常规的非均相反应,壳聚糖季铵盐能够有效去除中药废水的浊度和COD.     

壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及其对鞣酸的絮凝性能

通过引入季铵盐基团的方法对壳聚糖进行改性得到完全溶于水的壳聚糖季铵盐,IR谱图表明取代反应主要发生在壳聚糖的氨基上。以中药药液中的主要杂质之一鞣酸为对象进行了絮凝试验,结果显示其鞣酸去除率,明显高于壳聚糖。同时壳聚糖季铵盐絮凝剂投加量适用范围更宽,有利于实际使用。     

壳聚糖季铵盐复合絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝处理

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)对壳聚糖(CTS)进行季铵化改性,制备了壳聚糖季铵盐(CTA-CTS),用其和聚合氯化铝(PAC)复配对高岭土悬浮液进行絮凝处理.考察了复合絮凝剂的质量配比、沉降时间、pH值对絮凝性能的影响.最佳絮凝条件为:壳聚糖季铵盐用量为2 mg/L、m(PAC):m(CTA-CTS)=1...     

壳聚糖季铵盐用于银杏叶水提液絮凝工艺研究

[目的]研究壳聚糖季铵盐用于银杏叶水提液除杂纯化的效果。[方法]采用壳聚糖改性产物壳聚糖季铵盐对银杏叶水提液进行絮凝处理,以芦丁保留率和药物浊度作为指标,考察了絮凝剂用量、絮凝温度、静置时间对絮凝效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定出最佳工艺条件。[结果]壳聚糖季铵盐对银杏叶水提液絮凝的最佳工艺条件:水提液p H=4.9,水提液温度40℃,壳聚糖季铵盐用量0.4g/L,静置时间3h。[结论]壳聚糖季铵盐絮凝法澄清效果好,经济实用,可用于银杏叶水提液的絮凝纯化。     

羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐絮凝剂的合成与性能研究

先用碘甲烷对壳聚糖(CTS)进行改性,合成具有水溶性的N,N,N—三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐(TMC),然后用一氯乙酸对TMC改性,合成羧甲基壳聚糖季铵盐(CMTMC)。用红外吸收光谱对所合成的物质进行表征,证明CMTMC已被成功合成。用CMTMC对湖水进行絮凝实验,考察絮凝剂加入量、pH、搅拌时间等因素对CMTMC的絮凝效果的影响,实验结果表明:最佳投加量为60mg/L,pH=6.86搅拌时间为慢速搅拌20min,絮凝效果可以达97%以上。     

壳聚糖季铵盐的微波辐射合成及应用

采用微波辐射法合成了壳聚糖季铵盐,将其作为絮凝剂对造纸白水进行处理,获得良好的效果。探讨了壳聚糖季铵盐加入量、废水pH及絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响,确定了造纸白水的最佳处理条件。实验发现壳聚糖季铵盐能大幅降低造纸白水的COD。     

两性壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对印染废水的絮凝性能研究

以两性壳聚糖为絮凝剂处理了丝绸印染废水,并与羧甲基壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐、聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝性能进行了比较,研究了废水的pH、絮凝剂的质量浓度、助凝剂的类型及其与两性壳聚糖的复配比对其絮凝性能的影响.结果表明,两性壳聚糖的絮凝性能优于羧甲基壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐、聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺;在pH为5.0～6.0、絮凝剂两性壳聚糖的质量浓度为90 mg/L时,废水的COD去除率可达76.8%;助凝剂的加入可提高两性壳聚糖对COD的去除率.在m(助凝剂):m(絮凝剂)=40、混凝剂的加入量为2 500～3 000 mg/L时,废水COD的去除率可在80%以上.     

壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及应用进展

壳聚糖季铵化改性方法很多,直接在壳聚糖的氨基上引入羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,方法简便,所得壳聚糖季铵盐是优良的生物材料,有着广泛的应用,综述了壳聚糖季铵盐制备方法及其在废水处理、医药、农牧业、化妆品及新材料等方面应用的最新进展。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。