碳酸钙对缓冷高钛高炉渣制备泡沫微晶玻璃的影响

利用缓冷高钛高炉渣和废玻璃为主要原料,通过发泡和析晶同时进行的"一步法"在980℃烧结制备泡沫微晶玻璃。研究了CaCO_3对制备泡沫微晶玻璃的影响。结果表明,CaCO_3对发泡和析晶过程都有影响。在不同的CaCO_3添加量(1%~5%,质量分数)下,泡沫微晶玻璃的主要晶相类型无明显差异,都以透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)_2O_6和普通辉石Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)_2O_6为主晶相,以硅辉石CaSiO_3为次晶相;CaCO_3添加量由1%增至3%时晶相含量明显增加,而在3%~5%范围内晶相含量增加不大。随着CaCO_3含量增加,泡沫微晶玻璃晶体由不规则颗粒状变成针状和短柱状,泡孔孔径减小,气孔率和吸水率减小,体积密度和抗压强度增大,其中当CaCO_3含量为3%时泡沫微晶玻璃的综合性能最佳。     

A study of fabricating and compressive properties of cellular Al–Si (355.0) foam using TiH2

Al–Si (355.0) alloy foam has been produced by Alporas method (in which foam alloy melts, and titanium hydride is used as a blowing agent). Mechanical behavior such as quasi-static compression (strain–stress curves, energy absorption capacity), also the effects of thermal properties on the macroscopic structure of the produced foam were investigated. In addition, the effect of energy absorption capacity on percentage porosity has also been studied. The research shows that the produced foam with an average cell size and proper distribution has a more mechanical stability compared to the foams with no such characteristics. It was found that yield strength tends to increase from 12.51 MPa for porosity 74.0% to 22.32 MPa for porosity 54.0%. This foam has also been compared with other foams such as Al-pure foam and Mg foam. It can be stated that Al–Si (355.0) foam has a higher yield strength in comparison to Al-pure foam and Mg foam.     

防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金的制备与性能

在熔体发泡法制备工艺基础上,引入合金化阻燃技术,制备了Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金.实验结果表明,熔体发泡前同时加入Mg、Ca和稀土制备的防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金孔结构均匀,由于Mg和稀土元素的双重作用,Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金具有优异的耐腐蚀性能.     

自石灰石矿粉中直接提取CaCO3晶须的碳化-分解法研究

提出一种自石灰石矿粉中直接提取CaCO_3晶须的碳化-分解方法。该方法能够以天然石灰石矿粉为原料,通过水溶性碳酸的作用溶解出Ca(HCO_3)_2,进而在升温条件下通过Ca(HCO_3)_2的分解反应得到形貌规整的棱锥状CaCO_3晶须。扫描电镜观测与X射线衍射分析显示,Ca(HCO_3)_2分解温度对CaCO_3晶须微观形貌的影响显著,晶须长度与长径比随分解温度的升高均呈上升趋势,但分解温度超过80℃会导致文石晶相向方解石晶相转化。实验结果表明,80℃、2h条件下,Ca(HCO_3)_2分解产物中文石晶相含量较高,晶须几何形貌更为合理,其平均长度为14.61 μm、长径比为8.10。     

Synthesis of a novel layered double hydroxides [MgAl(4)(OH)(12)](Cl)(2)·2.4H(2)O and its anion-exchange properties

A novel layered double hydroxide of Mg and Al with composition [Mg(0.96)Al(4.00)(OH)(12)]Cl(1.86)(CO(3))(0.03)·2.4H(2)O, designated as MgAl(4)-Cl, was synthesized by mixing crystalline gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)(3)) and solid MgCl(2)·6H(2)O with subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C for 72h. The MgAl(4)-Cl exhibited a crystalline material of a layered structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction. Anion uptake experiments with the MgAl(4)-Cl showed that Cl(-) in the interlayer space can be exchanged with anions such as Br(-), H(2)PO(4)(-), CO(3)(2-) or dodecyl sulfate (DS(-)) from aqueous solutions with preservation of the layered structure. Uptake of NO(3)(-), BrO(3)(-) or SO(4)(2-) on the MgAl(4)-Cl showed different behavior; these anions can be exchanged within 1h maintaining the layered structure, but a release of Mg(2+) cations from the sample was observed with increased reaction time, resulting in collapse of the layered structure and formation of the gibbsite phase, as determined from chemical analyses and X-ray diffraction.     

The reactive stabilization of Al-Zn foams using a powder metallurgy approach

The Al-Zn binary system was chosen in order to study the possibility of generating a reactive foam system within the semi-solid region. The idea is to create foam at lower temperatures than the melting point of pure aluminum using a transient liquid phase that softens the matrix prior to bulk expansion. This minimizes crack formation, collapse, drainage and deformation generated during processing. The Al-Zn foams were fabricated via the powder metallurgy route by hot compaction and subsequently foamed using TiH₂ as a blowing agent. The investigated systems consist of low, medium and high concentrations of Zn (10 wt%, 33 wt% and 50 wt%) in an Al based matrix containing 0.8 wt% TiH₂. High temperature in situ confocal microscopy was used to study the formation of the transient liquid phase of the compacted elemental powders. As the percentage of Zn was increased, the liquidus temperature of the melt was lowered along with an increase in the volume of transient liquid phase. This reduces the mismatch between the hydrogen release temperature of the blowing agent and the liquidus temperature of the melt, thus increasing foaming stability. Reasonable foam structures near 300 vol% expansion and fair pore distributions were achieved at low concentrations of Zn (10 wt%) only above the alloy liquidus point. The mechanical compressive strength properties of the alloyed foam systems were also assessed.     

固相反应法制备MgAl2O4纳米粉体及其烧结行为研究

在800℃下煅烧Al(OH)3和MgSO4混合粉末,冷却后经过水洗得到了结晶良好的MgAl2O4纳米粉体.采用DSC/TG、XRD、TEM和SEM等分析手段研究了混合粉末中Mg/Al原子比对颗粒尺寸及团聚状况的影响,以及MgAl2O4纳米粉体的烧结性能.所制备的MgAl2O4纳米粉体平均颗粒尺寸为12 nm,尺寸分布窄,团聚少.MgAl2O4的生成归因于γ-Al2O3和MgSO4的固相反应.MgAl2O4纳米粉体显示了良好的烧结活性,在1450℃烧结1 h即能获得相对密度为95%的MgAl2O4陶瓷.     

稀土对AZ91镁合金干/湿循环腐蚀产物及阻抗行为的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)研究添加(La,Ce)混合稀土前后AZ91镁合金在融雪剂溶液中经历干/湿交替循环腐蚀后腐蚀产物的组成和结构。结果表明:未添加(La,Ce)混合稀土的AZ91镁合金的腐蚀产物主要由Mg(OH)_2,MgO,CaCO_3及Mg_6Al_2CO_3(OH)_(16)·4H_2O组成;而添加混合稀土的AZ91镁合金表面生成了(La,Ce)AlO_3等含稀土元素的腐蚀产物,同时腐蚀产物出现致密层。不同周期干/湿交替循环腐蚀的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,添加(La,Ce)混合稀土的镁合金在相同腐蚀周期的阻抗谱幅值均高于AZ91镁合金的阻抗谱幅值,稀土的添加有助于降低阻抗谱的弥散效应,表明(La,Ce)混合稀土可以提高AZ91镁合金在干/湿交替腐蚀环境中的耐蚀性和腐蚀产物膜的稳定性。     

20wt% SiO2/Al-Mg复合材料的界面反应及其微结构

采用粉末冶金法制备了20wt% SiO₂/Al-Mg复合材料。研究了SiO₂和基体元素Al,Mg反应机制,研究表明:在原SiO₂颗粒内,形成MgAl₂O₄,MgO,Mg₂Si和少量Al和Si。MgAl₂O₄呈不规则形状,而且MgAl₂O₄往往和Al相邻;MgO和Mg₂Si形成片层状共析体;经620℃烧结30min,SiO₂被完全反应掉。反应生成物Si多数被排到Al基体中;原Al-Mg基体中主要物相为:Al,Mg₂Si和Si,Mg₂Si颗粒的尺寸小于0.2μm。原Al-Mg基体中,单质Mg已不存在,Mg反应形成Mg₂Si。     

微波辅助燃烧法制备镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体的研究

Stoichiometric MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted combustion reaction from aluminium nitrate nanohydrate(Al(NO3)3.9H2O) and Sol-Gel prepared magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) in the presence of urea((NH2)2CO) as a fuel,in about 20 min of irradiation.X-ray diffraction(XRD) studies reveal that mi-crowave assisted combustion synthesis route yields single-phase spinel nanoparticles with larger crystalline size(around 75 nm) than other conventional heating methods.Scanning electronic microscope(SEM) images show nanoparticles with spherical shape and homogenous morphology.The surface area measurements(SBET) show crystals with 2.11 m2/g and 0.0033 mL/g pore volume.     

Al2O3-SiO2纤维增强ZL108合金复合材料的强度特性

用低成本的Al₂O₃-SiO₂系纤维作为增强相,通过加压铸造法制作ZL108合金复合材料,并对该复合材料和ZL108合金进行不同温度下的时效处理和压缩试验。通过DSC、EPMA和TEM分析认为:经488K、0.5h时效处理(T6处理)的V_f 20%的复合材料在573K以下的压缩屈服强度低于ZL108合金,是由于基体中的Mg与Al₂O₃-SiO₂纤维在加压铸造过程中起化学反应而生成MgAl₂O₄,损耗了基体中的大量Mg,导致基体铝合金时效硬化效果很差,所以压缩屈服强度低下。623K、720h保温后的V_f 20%的复合材料的压缩屈服强度比ZL108合金要高得多,是由于在这种温度环境下对ZL108合金来说是过时效,所以纤维的增强怍用显得明显。在高温(673K)下V_f 20%的复合材料的屈服强度比ZL108台金高一倍左右。不论在什么温度场合下V_f5%的复合材料的屈服强度比V_f 20%的复合材料都低。     

高温固相法制备CaCO_3:Eu~(3+),Li~+红色荧光粉

以CaCO3、Eu2O3和Li2CO3为主要原料,采用高温固相法,首次制备CaCO3:Eu3+,Li+红色荧光粉。通过对前驱物进行同步差热分析(TG-SDTA),确定其煅烧温度;利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和拉曼光谱对样品的结构进行表征;采用荧光光度仪对样品的发光性能进行测试。结果表明:前驱物的煅烧温度为655℃时,样品主晶相为方解石型CaCO3,掺杂Eu3+和Li+离子分别作为发光中心和敏化剂进入到CaCO3的晶格中。荧光粉的最大激发峰位于272nm,属于紫外激发,最大发射峰位于608nm附近,对应于Eu3+离子的5d0→7f2跃迁,并且Eu3+离子在CaCO3基质中处于偏离或无反演对称中心的格位上。     

硅酸铝短纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面反应及其热力学分析

用晶化的硅酸铝短纤维作增强体, 用磷酸铝作黏结剂制得预制体, 用AZ91D作基体金属, 通过挤压浸渗工艺制备镁基复合材料。通过光学显微分析、 XRD衍射分析、 SEM扫描分析等, 初步观察研究了硅酸铝短纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面反应规律和反应产物。结果表明: 用硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁合金通过浸渗挤压法制备镁基复合材料是可行的; 镁与磷酸铝黏结剂反应后在界面上生成一定数量的MgO颗粒和少量的MgAl₂O₄颗粒, 致使硅酸铝增强纤维和镁合金基体之间形成较强界面结合; 另外, 在硅酸铝短纤维的晶化处理过程中, 由于非晶态SiO₂的析出, 导致Mg₂Si脆性相在界面附近产生, 从而对该复合材料的力学性能产生一定影响。      

Behavior of magnesium and silicon in the formation of MgO/AlN composite

MgO/AlN composites have been fabricated by directed metal nitridation of Al–Si alloy in flowing N₂ at 1473 K. A mixture of magnesia particles and chemically pure magnesium powder was placed on the surface of Al–Si alloy block as reinforcement materials. Mg powder initiates the infiltration and nitridation of Al alloy melt by eliminating protective Al₂O₃ film at the reaction frontier. New Mg vapor from the interface reaction between Al and MgO particles, keeps as continuous deoxidization agent as the added Mg powder. The spinel layer thickness due to the reaction of Al melt with MgO particles is controlled by Mg content. Si not only reduces the surface tension and viscosity of Al alloy melt, but also leads to increase in N₂ content.     

细晶铈、镁复合稳定PSZ陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以工业ZrO2为主要原料,CeO2,MgO及α－Al2O3作为复合稳定剂及颗粒添加剂,采用机械球磨混合法制备粉料,进而在较低的固溶烧结温度（≤1550℃）下,经1100℃适当时间热处理,制备出具有较好力学性能的细晶PSZ陶瓷材料,其室浊度约655MPa,断裂韧性在15MPa.m^1/2左或,所制备细晶PSZ材料的临界热震温差△Tc在750℃左右,其中微裂纹增韧机制的存在对材料的抗热震性有积极作用,在（180℃,1MPa）水热条件下,采用CeO2作为复合稳定剂的PSZ陶瓷材料具有较好的抗水化性能。     

无压浸渗法制备氧化态SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料

研究了SiC颗粒在1000~1200℃的氧化行为, 其氧化增重率与保温时间符合抛物线规律, 氧化增重受扩散过程控制, 氧化激活能为219 kJ/mol. 采用预氧化处理的SiC颗粒为增强体, 含Si、Mg的铝合金为基体, 通过无压浸渗方法制备了SiC_p/Al复合材料, 分析了复合材料的微观组织与界面形貌, 探讨了无压浸渗机理. 复合材料中颗粒分布均匀, 无偏聚现象. 材料制备过程中存在界面反应, SiC颗粒表面的氧化层与铝合金中的Mg、Al反应形成了一定数量的MgAl₂O₄. 界面反应的存在提高了润湿性, 促进了无压自发浸渗.     

6082铝合金的TTT曲线及其研究

为研究6082铝合金的淬火敏感性,采用分级淬火的方法测定了6082铝合金的时间-温度-转化率（TTT）曲线,利用XRD、TEM并结合Avrami方程研究了6082合金在等温过程中的组织变化.结果表明：6082铝合金TTT曲线的鼻尖温度约为350℃,淬火敏感温度区间为300～420℃;6082铝合金过饱和固溶体在350℃...     

Microstructure and thermal decomposition property of Ni-P/Cr2N composite powder by electroless plating

Cr₂N is the most promising blowing agent for the preparation of steel foam using melt foaming method. In this work, to obtain a blowing agent with suitable density and gas decomposition characteristics for steel melt foaming, Ni-P/Cr₂N composite powder was prepared by electroless plating. The surface morphology, phase, coating thickness, density and decomposition characteristics of Ni-P/Cr₂N composite powder were analyzed. The results indicate that the surface of Ni-P/Cr₂N composite coating powder is covered by the high nickel and low phosphorus layer which has a dense and uniform cell structure. The decomposition rate of the Ni-P/Cr₂N composite powder is 7.46?mW/mg slower than that of the uncoated Cr₂N powder at 1107.4?°C. When the plating time is 30?min, the thickness of Ni-P layer reaches 2.86?μm, the density of the Ni-P/Cr₂N composite powder is 7.45?g/cm³, and maximal decomposition rate temperature reaches 1500?°C. These findings suggested that Ni-P/Cr₂N composite powder meets the requirements of decomposition temperature and density of the blowing agent used to produce steel foam with a uniform pore structure by the melt foaming method.     

Effect of Decomposition Kinetics of Titanium Hydride on the Al Alloy Melt Foaming Process

The gas released from the titanium hydride decomposition is one of the key factors to influence the Al alloy melt foaming process.In this study,a set of decomposition kinetic equations of titanium hydride was acquired by separating its temperature programmed decomposition(TPD) spectrum,which was acquired by a special designed TPD apparatus with argon used as carrier gas and thermal conductivity cell as the detector.According to these equations,the decomposition and hydrogen release characteristics of titanium hydride at a fixed/elevated temperature are described quantitatively,which can be applied to forecast the Al alloy melt foaming process and furnish the theoretical basis for fabrication of three-dimensional complex shaped Al alloy foam.     

Effect of content of Mg(NO3)2 x 6H2O on fabrication of alpha-alumina nanopowders by thermal decomposition of ammonium aluminum carbonate (AACH)

An alpha-Al2O3 and MgAl2O3 spinel phase doped alpha-Al2O3 nanopowders were fabricated by the thermal decomposition and synthetic of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH). Crystallite size of 5 to 8 nm were fabricated when reaction temperature of AACH was low, 8 degrees C, and the highest [NH4+][AlO(OH)2-][HCO3] ionic concentration of pH 10 from the ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) aqueous solution. The phase transformation of amorphous-s, theta-, alpha-Al2O3, MgAl2O3 spinel phases was examined at each temperature according to the amount of Mg(NO3)2 x 6H2O and AACH. A time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for thermal decomposition in air was determined. Homogeneous, spherical alpha-Al2O3 nanopowders with a particle size of 60 nm were obtained by firing the crystallites, which had been synthesized from AACH at pH 10 and 8 degrees C, at 1050 degrees C for 6 h in air.