基于DEMATEL-ANP的质量屋中产品功能需求重要度分析

采用质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)将顾客需求转化为功能需求过程中,为综合考虑顾客需求自相关关系和功能需求自相关关系,构建了基于网络分析法(Analytic Network Process,ANP)的QFD模型。采用三角模糊数处理QFD中的语义评价信息。采用模糊决策试验与实验评估法获取顾客需求自相关矩阵和功能需求自相关矩阵;利用对数最小二乘法求解模糊两两比较矩阵获取顾客需求重要度;然后建立ANP-QFD模型计算功能需求初始重要度。基于技术竞争性模糊评估信息,采用熵值法对初始重要度进行修正,计算功能需求的最终重要度。最后以某装载机功能需求重要度计算为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

集成AHP/QFD/AD的产品设计方法研究

目的针对以用户需求为驱动的产品设计模式,完善产品设计方法流程,更有效地理解用户需求,提高产品设计效率和质量。方法使用层次分析法确定用户需求权重,将用户需求及权重输入质量屋,对用户需求与设计需求的相关关系度进行量化评价,构建用户需求与设计需求相关关系矩阵,确定各项设计需求重要度,完成用户需求到设计需求的转化,以相对重要度较高的设计需求定义功能域,进行功能域与物理域之间的映射,利用独立性公理和信息公理进行设计参数分析和设计方案评价。结论构建了一种集成层次分析法、质量功能展开和公理化设计的产品设计方法,对用户需求权重进行了更准确的分析,完善了质量功能展开后续的方法流程,并以板栗采收机概念设计为例进行了应用验证,应用结果表明该方法能够有效地指导产品设计过程,提高产品设计效率和质量。     

服务产品设计质量保证的质量功能展开集成方法

为处理服务产品设计中散乱的模糊顾客需求信息,客观反映用户质量需求,解决传统质量功能展开方法中判断一致性差和整体满意度的展开精度低等问题,将模糊聚类分析、模糊层次分析法和质量屋方法集成,引入到服务产品设计的质量保证中。通过模糊聚类对顾客质量要求进行层次划分,在此基础上使用模糊层次分析法确定顾客质量需求权重,继而在质量屋关系矩阵中引入模糊集进行评判,从而将自然语言与模糊数相联系,更加准确地把握顾客需求。同时采用模糊数表示权重分析和关系度评判结果,提高了评判的精度和稳定性,为满足服务产品质量设计阶段质量保证工作提供一种量化分析方法。     

基于Kano模型的自理老人淋浴空间需求权重研究

目的针对产品设计初期用户需求度模糊的问题,提出了基于Kano模型的用户需求评价方法。旨在定性、定量分析自理老人淋浴空间需求,使用户需求与产品客观表现之间能够精确映射,更大程度地满足自理老人对淋浴空间安全、保健、易用等方面的深层次需求。方法借助Kano模型获取自理老人淋浴空间的需求信息,并对各需求项进行Kano类别的定性分类及筛选,构建自理老人淋浴空间需求层次结构。应用熵值法分别计算各级需求指标权重,进而获得各需求项的综合权重及重要度排序。结论对自理老人淋浴空间需求权重的研究,能准确分析用户需求偏好,为自理老人淋浴空间设计提供设计重点,提高自理老人对淋浴空间的满意度及用户体验,并为类似功能配置方案提供理论依据。     

基于博弈论组合赋权法的甘肃丝路铜器文创设计

目的 为降低设计师主观性偏差,从用户需求角度解析文创产品设计的影响因素,建立基于博弈论组合赋权法的文创产品设计指标评价体系,为文创产品设计提供方法与案例参考。方法 首先,通过田野调查法、文献分析法梳理甘肃丝路文化符号,构建甘肃丝路文化符号库;其次,利用文献分析法、用户访谈法解析用户需求,结合专家评估构建甘肃丝路文创设计指标体系;再次,通过层次分析法与熵权法分别求解设计指标主客观权重,并利用博弈论组合赋权法求解设计指标综合权重;最后,运用上述分析结果进行设计方案创新性表达,并通过模糊综合评价法对设计方案进行评估。结果 基于上述方法,以铜制餐具为案例开展设计实践,所得方案在审美需求、功能需求、用户偏好等方面表现较好。结论 研究结果表明该方法适用于甘肃丝路文化铜器文创产品设计,有助于提升文创设计过程的科学性。     

基于熵的QFD在航空武器研制中的应用

由于在航空武器研发过程中很难得到准确的用户需求信息,针对这种信息的不完整和不确定性,采用了对称的模糊数据来获取用户含糊表达中的信息,并且在传统的质量功能展开(QFD)模型中引入熵的方法来确定指标权重及其相互之间的关系,建立了基于熵的QFD模型,并以某航空武器装备为例说明了该模型的实用性.     

基于SPSS和在线评论分析的产品用户需求洞察方法研究

目的面向当下工业产品系统化、用户需求信息复杂化和信息内容数据化等特点,拟通过研究统计分析和大数据挖掘方法在用户需求获取和处理中的应用,探究产品设计中用户需求洞察的创新方法。方法以案例分析和因子分析方法进行目标产品设计因素提取,并通过多元回归法进行显著性分析;进而采用产品在线评论挖掘和情感分析方法获取并处理针对产品特征的用户显性需求,以及从情景分析角度获取用户在使用情景下的行为痛点和隐性需求;最后,对应产品特征和使用情景下的用户需求指标,导出产品属性要求及产品情景适应性要求。结论综合应用SPSS和在线评论分析方法,解决目前产品用户需求洞察中方法应用不足、缺乏客观性的问题。有助于设计人员在面对复杂产品系统及用户需求复杂的设计任务时,精准获得产品设计目标。并以重卡生活舱用户需求分析进行实证,获得适应重卡生活舱环境的产品设计要求。     

基于大数据和粗糙集的产品需求分析方法研究

随着产品互联网时代的到来,针对传统产品设计需求的获取方法单一、实时性差、主观性过强等问题,提出了一种基于大数据分析和粗糙集理论的产品需求分析方法.采用网路爬虫技术,实时获取存在于多种信息载体中的大体量用户需求;利用大数据分析工具和粗糙集获取不同语义层次的用户需求类型的权重,并通过质量功能配置(quality function deployment,QFD)质量屋将用户需求转换为相应的工程设计参数,从而为准确获取反映用户需求的产品设计方向提供依据.以三星手机Galaxy S6Edge为例,通过对该款手机在微博和京东商城的产品用户评论等数据进行大数据分析,并结合粗糙集理论的用户需求计算方法,验证了提出方法的有效性.     

基于组合式模型的易碎品存储运输包装设计

目的 通过使用AHP-FAST-QFD的组合创新模型,可以提供易碎品存储包装的解决思路,以强化其在存储和运输过程中的防护性。方法 首先以用户为出发点,分析用户需求,借用层次分析法定性、定量分析的特性,对用户需求重要度进行权重衡量;其次,利用“黑箱子”功能模型将需求进行抽象性转化为快递包装箱基本功能;再次,通过FAST功能树将基本功能进行分解,得出若干子功能,并将子功能进行工业技术性转换成产品设计要素;最后利用品质屋模型组成设计元素与用户需求的形态矩阵,求得高脚杯快递包装箱产品设计要素优先级。结论 利用AHP、FAST及QFD方法构建易碎品存储运输的包装设计模型,弥补了三个方法单独使用的缺陷,形成一套完整的创新设计方法,并以高脚杯快递包装箱设计为例进行验证,确定该创新方法的实用性。     

基于模糊Kano模型的模块化办公收纳产品设计

目的 通过对办公空间中模块化办公收纳产品设计的研究,从使用人群的需求出发,对用户需求进行有效分析,为使用人群创造出兼具实用性和趣味性的办公收纳产品,为模块化办公收纳产品的设计提供针对性的建议,让模块化办公收纳产品更符合用户预期和市场需求。方法 在前期调研的基础上建立模糊Kano模型,按照5种不同属性对用户需求进行分类,通过计算Better-Worse系数对不同类型的需求属性进行排序,随后将有效数据引入模块化设计方法中,为模块化办公收纳产品设计的功能模块划分与构建提出相应的解决方案。结果 发现用户对模块化办公收纳产品的灵活性、趣味性具有强烈需求,同时希望增加实用性功能。结论 将模糊Kano模型应用于模块化办公收纳产品设计中能有效提高用户满意度,提高模块化办公收纳产品的市场竞争力。     

Determining the Importance Weights for the Customer Requirements in QFD Using a Fuzzy AHP with an Extent Analysis Approach

In the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) process, determining the importance weights for the customer requirements is an essential and crucial process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the importance weights for product planning, but this has occurred mainly in crisp (non-fuzzy) decision applications. However, human judgment on the importance of customer requirements is always imprecise and vague. To make up for this deficiency in the AHP, a fuzzy AHP with an extent analysis approach is proposed to determine the importance weights for the customer requirements. In the method, triangular fuzzy numbers are used for the pairwise comparison of a fuzzy AHP. By using the extent analysis method and the principles for the comparison of fuzzy numbers, one can derive the weight vectors. The new approach can improve the imprecise ranking of customer requirements inherited from studies based on the conventional AHP. Furthermore, the fuzzy AHP with extent analysis is simple and easy to implement to prioritize customer requirements in the QFD process compared with the conventional AHP. This paper uses an example of a hair dryer design to illustrate the proposed approach.     

Systematical decision-making approach for quality function deployment based on uncertain linguistic term sets

A systematical decision-making approach is constructed for quality function deployment (QFD) in uncertain linguistic situations. The mathematical expression and operation of linguistic terms play important roles in the proposed approach in terms of customer requirements (CRs) and design requirements (DRs) in QFD. First, hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets are designed to conveniently express uncertain linguistic terms and compute with words after the data derived from customers are pretreated and integrated in the decision-making process. Second, the tolerance deviation is defined to restrict innovatively the deviation range of fuzzy linguistic terms in the assessment stage of relative importance for CRs. Third, information entropy is originally designed to determine the final importance of DRs. Moreover, an empirical study on the research project called vortex recoil hydraulic retarder is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the systematical decision-making approach. The proposed approach can be applied to a wide variety of new product development problems in uncertainty settings.     

Fuzzy expected value modelling approach for determining target values of engineering characteristics in QFD

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem-solving tool that is renowned for translating customer requirements into the technical attributes of a product. To deal with the imprecise elements in the development process, fuzzy set theory is incorporated into QFD methodology. A novel fuzzy expected value operator approach is proposed in this paper to model the QFD process in a fuzzy environment, and two fuzzy expected value models are established to determine the target values of engineering characteristics in handling different practical design scenarios. Analogous to stochastic programming, the underlying philosophy in the proposed approach is based on selecting the decision with maximum expected returns. Furthermore, the proposed approach considers not only the inherent fuzziness in the relationships between customer requirements and engineering characteristics, but also the correlation among engineering characteristics. These two kinds of fuzzy relationships are aggregated to give the fuzzy importance of individual engineering characteristics. Finally, an example of a quality improvement problem of a motor car design is given to demonstrate the application and performance of the proposed modelling approach.     

Fuzzy multiple objective decision making approach to prioritize design requirements in quality function deployment

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-oriented design tool for developing new or improved products to increase customer satisfaction by integrating marketing, design engineering, manufacturing, and other related functions of an organization. QFD focuses on delivering value by taking into account customer needs and then deploying this information throughout the development process. Although QFD aims to maximize customer satisfaction, technology and cost considerations limit the number and the extent of the possible design requirements that can be incorporated into a product. This paper presents a fuzzy multiple objective programming approach that incorporates imprecise and subjective information inherent in the QFD planning process to determine the level of fulfilment of design requirements. Linguistic variables are employed to represent the imprecise design information and the importance degree of each design objective. The fuzzy Delphi method is utilized to achieve the consensus of customers in determining the importance of customer needs. A pencil design example illustrates the application of the multiple objective decision analysis.     

Determining the importance ratings of customer requirements in quality function deployment based on interval linguistic information

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-oriented tool and is widely applied to design and improve products and services. Determining the importance ratings (IRs) of customer requirements (CRs) is an essential step in QFD application and will affect the quality of product design and improvement. In this study, a group decision-making method is proposed to obtain realistic IRs. Low-carbon environment is considered in recognising CRs. Interval linguistic information (ILI) is used to express the vague evaluations in product improvement. In addition, an interval linguistic weighted arithmetic averaging operator, a normalised formula, and an expected value operator are integrated to deal with evaluation matrices expressed by ILI. A relationship matrix is used reversely to acquire accurate basic IRs (BIRs). The improved cosine method based on ILI is also employed to derive BIRs. The modified entropy method based on ILI is proposed to determine a competitive priority rating (CPR) of a CR. The final IR of every CR can be obtained by integrating its BIR and CPR. Finally, a practical product improvement of turbine engine is provided to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

瓦楞纸箱包装设计需求分析映射方法

目的介绍在瓦楞纸箱包装设计需求分析中将顾客需求映射至产品关键属性的方法。方法详细分析瓦楞纸箱包装设计需求映射具体过程,即用层次分析法(AHP)对顾客需求重要度排序,运用质量功能配置(QFD)和AHP完成顾客需求重要度向产品技术需求的映射,综合完成产品技术需求向产品关键属性需求的映射。结果结合实例说明了顾客需求能够有效映射为产品关键属性。结论该方法能够达到需求映射的目的。     

Methods for processing and prioritizing customer demands in variant product design

In the current highly competitive marketplace, customer demand is a major factor in the product design process. Many methods, such as quality function deployment and House of Quality (HoQ), provide a powerful process for translating and mapping customer demands into technical requirements. In the HoQ process, the customers' perceptions and expectations should be evaluated together in order to identify desirable product features. Moreover, in variant product design, the priority of each feature needs to be determined based on the customers' ratings of both the feature importance and customers' satisfaction. Although many methods such as quality attribute ranking, potential gain in customer value index and the analytic hierarchy process have been previously used to determine the relative importance of customer demands, they do not offer specific methods to determine a revised priority for product redesign. To address this issue, this research focuses on not only determining, but also revising the priority of customer demands for a variant product design based on new customer surveys. Two methods are proposed in this research. The first method classifies customer demands using natural language processing techniques in order to obtain customer expectations. Once comprehensive customer demands are obtained, the second method determines the revised priority of the customer demands using a fuzzy logic inference. These methods are implemented by two computerized systems, a customer demand decomposition and a classification system, and a customer demand priority rating system, with user-friendly interfaces. An example for car redesign is used to demonstrate the proposed methods. With the use of these two systems, the collection and revision of prioritization of the customer demands can be accomplished effectively.     

基于DEMATEL和熵的顾客需求重要度修正

顾客需求重要度对于产品规划质量屋的建立和优化决策以及下一阶段的配置决策有着重要的作用。在分析已有方法的基础上,充分考虑顾客需求自相关关系和市场竞争性评估的影响,分别引入DEMATEL和熵对二者进行处理以修正顾客需求基本重要度,并对两方面的处理结果进行综合,从而获得更加客观的顾客需求最终重要度。实例表明了所提方法的有效性。     

Application of fuzzy quality function deployment for sustainable design of consumer electronics products: a case study

With a steep increase in the demand for consumer electronics products, the contemporary manufacturers are committed toward sustainable development of such products. There exists a scope for developing a methodology for enabling sustainable development of consumer electronics products. In this context, fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) approach has been presented in this article in order to prioritize relevant customer requirements, sustainability parameters and sustainability initiatives. Key influential parameters for sustainable development of consumer electronics products have been identified from the literature. In the first phase of fuzzy QFD, parameters influencing sustainable development have been prioritized in accordance with customer requirements. In the second phase, environmental design initiatives have been prioritized based on critical sustainability parameters. From phase I of fuzzy QFD, ‘reduction in environmental release’ has been found as the most significant sustainability parameter with a crisp value of 22.83, and from phase II, environmental impact assessment is proved to be the significant design method with a crisp value of 20.40. The methodology would provide a comprehensive understanding to practitioners on the interrelationships among customer requirements, sustainability parameters and environmentally benign initiatives for development of consumer electronic products. The generic model developed can be applied to most of the consumer electronics product