基于3-D整数小波变换的视频压缩算法研究

视频图像数据可以被看成三维数据体来进行3-D小波变换,对变换后的数据进行编码就可以达到压缩视频数据的目的。主要讨论了这种变换的整数实现方法,以及对小波系数使用SPIHT算法进行编码压缩,并对SPIHT算法进行了有针对性的优化。仿真实验证明,该文方法压缩效果良好,运行效率高,输出码流具有嵌入式特性,是一种有应用前景的算法。     

一种新的基于平衡多小波的编码技术

讨论了用平衡正交多小波编码技术对图像进行压缩处理,设计了一种新的基于平衡多小波变换方法,并将矢量量化和SPIHT零树编码技术用于图像的压缩处理。试验结果表明该方法优于非平衡多小波压缩方法,得到了较好的峰值信噪比和编码效果。     

基于小波半规则网格压缩均方误差的近似方法

为了实现数据量大的图像在网络上的快速传输,就必须对其进行高压缩。现在一般采用比较先进的小波压缩方法,但用压缩后的数据重构得到的图像与原图像相比有明显的差别。为了降低这种失真,开始部分提出了一种有效的基于位分配模型的性能优化方法;为了实现这种快速和低复杂度的分配方法,提出了和半规则网格几何编码相关的重建均方误差的近似方法。并用实验结果说明,在基于模型分配的过程中将上述近似方法得到的结果作为失真可以改善小波编码器的性能,提高编码增益,从而达到在不降低图像压缩率下提高图像质量的目的。     

Landsat-TM光谱图像数据压缩技术的研究

采用提升格式的整数小波变换，对Landsat-TM图像数据进行小波分解。在分析Landsat-TM图像整数小波变换后系数特点的基础上，将小波变换压缩技术中的零数编码推广到多光谱图像压缩中。采用整数97小波变换同时去除空间与谱间冗余，对单波段图像各个子带小波系数的能量、均值、方差进行了数据统计。由小波系数的相关性，采用3DSPIHT对小波系数进行压缩编码。实验结果表明，该方法的去相关性能良好，压缩效果大大改善。     

小波子带最优方向性选择和压缩感知的图像编解码

传统贝叶斯压缩感知方法所存在的局部优化问题导致了重构图像存在着较大的误差。本文提出一种基于小波自适应最优方向选择和压缩感知的图像编码方法,该方法依据图像小波变换的低频子带与高频子带所存在的相关性差异,对低频系数进行基于小波最优方向选择的编解码,以保证图像主要信息的重构质量;而针对高频子带的稀疏特性进行基于压缩感知的随机测量,以保证图像的编码效率。实验结果表明,与传统的压缩感知算法相比,本文所提出算法的解码图像具有更好的主观质量,同时在相同码率下解码图像的PSNR平均提高1~2dB。     

智能交通卡口监测系统的图像序列压缩编码

根据智能交通卡口监测系统网像序列的特点,提出一种基于车辆目标检测与运动估计的灰度图像序列压缩编码方案,该方案分为帧内编码和帧问编码2个部分.帧内编码,即静止图像编码,采用多级树集合分裂算法对图像的提升9/7小波变换系数进行编码.帧间编码则提取图像序列中的车辆目标,应用双线性插值方法,根据前一帧中的匹配目标预测当前帧中的...     

基于三维整数小波与自适应预测的高光谱图像压缩研究

高光谱图像作为一种三维图像,其海量数据给存储和传输带来极大困难,必须对其进行有效压缩。根据高光谱图像的特点,本文提出了一种基于三维整数小波与自适应预测的无损压缩算法。首先利用三维整数小波变换充分消除高光谱图像的谱间冗余和空间冗余,自适应预测编码可以进一步消除变换后低频子带之间的冗余,从而进一步提高压缩性能;最后利用JPEG-LS标准和SPIHT算法分别对数据进行无损压缩。通过改变小波基,也可实现有损压缩。实验结果表明,该算法可以取得较好的无损和有损压缩效果。     

基于小波变换的辐射图像压缩研究

寻求满足检测要求的图像压缩方法是^60Co集装箱检测系统(TC-SCAN)需要解决的一个问题。文章采用了基于小波变换的压缩方法，分析了小波变换后辐射图像灰度的分布特征，并据此设计了最优量化方案，用嵌入式零树编码和自适应算术编码对量化后数据进行编码，实现了辐射图像的有损压缩。     

权重均方误差在基于小波的不规则网格压缩中的应用

为了提高图像数据在网络上的传输效率,往往将其压缩后再传输.基于小波的压缩能取得比较好的效果,但有时对压缩后的图像重构质量有更高的要求,就必须对小波编码器在编码过程中的均方误差进行改进.传统的方法是直接用小波系数的每个子带均方误差来表示和量化信号有关的均方误差,但这种方法只适用于标准网格.提出了适用不规则网格的权重均方误差,该方法适用于所有的模型、所有的位率和所有的升力模式.     

基于边缘自适应小波变换的低比特率图像压缩算法

常规的小波压缩算法在低比特率情况下将不可避免地在图像强边缘附近产生振铃效应。为此提出了一种基于边缘自适应小波变换的低比特率图像压缩算法。在编码端，先检测出图像的强边缘并将其作为附加信息进行编码；然后，利用强边缘信息将图像沿行列方向分割成一些独立的数据段分别进行小波变换；最后，利用EBCOT算法对得到的小波系数进行编码。特别地，从图像的成像机理出发，提出了一种克服分段数据边界效应的新方法。实验结果表明，这种边缘自适应小波变换即使在比特率极低的情况下也可以保持图像轮廓的清晰，强边缘附近的振铃效应也得到有效的抑制。由于附加信息的存在，压缩图像的PSNR值相比于常规方法通常会有所降低，但图像的主观视觉质量却有明显的提高。     

Autostereoscopic 3D pictures on optically rewritable electronic paper

In this article, we disclose a method to fabricate the three‐dimensional (3D) image on an optically rewritable (ORW) electronic paper (e‐paper) by deploying the lenticular lenses array on the top of the ORW e‐paper. Unlike other autostereoscopic 3D liquid crystal displays, our autostereoscopic 3D ORW e‐paper is actually a green technology, which is without electrode and voltage. No electricity is needed to maintain the 3D image on the ORW e‐paper. We can easily change a 3D image by erasing and rewriting with photoalignment technology.     

Depth‐enhanced integral‐imaging 3D display using different optical path lengths by polarization devices or mirror barrier array

Abstract— Depth‐enhanced integral three‐dimensional (3D) imaging using different optical path lengths by using a polarization selective mirror pair or mirror barrier array is proposed. In the proposed approach, the enhancement of image depth is achieved by repositioning two types of elemental image planes, thus effectively two central depth planes are obtained. One of the two implementation methods makes use of the two‐arm structure that has different optical path lengths and polarization‐selective mirrors. The other utilizes the mirror barrier array. The primary advantage of the method with polarization devices is that we can observe 3D images that maintain some level of viewing resolution with a large depth difference without any mechanical moving part. The mirror barrier array has the advantage of the compact thickness. We demonstrated and verified our proposals experimentally.     

Capture and fusion of 3d surface texture

Image fusion is a process that multiple images of a scene are combined to form a single image. The aim of image fusion is to preserve the full content and retain important features of each original image. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on wavelet transform to capture and fusion of real-world rough surface textures, which are commonly used in multimedia applications and referred to as3D surface texture. These textures are different from 2D textures as their appearances can vary dramatically with different illumination conditions due to complex surface geometry and reflectance properties. In our approach, we first extract gradient/height and albedo maps from sample 3D surface texture images as their representation. Then we measure saliency of wavelet coefficients of these 3D surface texture representations. The saliency values reflect the meaningful content of the wavelet coefficients and are consistent with human visual perception. Finally we fuse the gradient/height and albedo maps based on the measured saliency values. This novel scheme aims to preserve the original texture patterns together with geometry and reflectance characteristics from input images. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can not only capture and fuse 3D surface texture under arbitrary illumination directions, but also has the ability to retain the surface geometry properties and preserve perceptual features in the original images.     

A high-speed and continuous 3D measurement system

A new system for high-speed and continuous 3D measurement is presented. It is based on the slit-ray projection method. The key component is the image plane constructed by a position-sensitive device (PSD) array that is horizontally un segmented and linear, but vertically numbered. All PSD row elements are attached to their respective analog signal processors. The analog signals are multiplexed and digitized by multiplexers and A/D converters at appropriate sampling intervals and stored in memory. By virtue of this configuration of the image plane, basis data for 3D measurement are acquired during only one scan of the slit ray at high speed in the form of memory addresses and data. Moreover, if we use large capacity and/or dual port memories, we can continuously obtain 3D range data for as many scenes as needed. The trial system has been implemented with a newly designed 128-channel PSD array and has verified our method, enabling us to obtain successive 3D range data at video rates with an error within±0.3%.     

Adaptive Fractal Image Sequence Coding by Variable Shape Decomposition

A two-phase fractal image sequence compression system is proposed. In the classification phase, according to the texture attribution a testing solid image block is assigned to its corresponding texture class. The texture attribution is derived from the tomographic block projection classification for the finite projection directions at the three-dimensional (3D) space. In the adaptive coding phase, both the algorithm of the 3D projection classification and the 3D variable shape decomposition are incorporated into the variable shape block transformation for image sequence. By applying this variable shape block transformation algorithm to fractal image sequence coding scheme, we can obtain a promising performance.     

Improving three-dimensional point reconstruction from image correspondences using surface curvatures

Recovering three-dimensional (3D) points from image correspondences is an important and fundamental task in computer vision. Traditionally, the task is completed by triangulation whose accuracy has its limitation in some applications. In this paper, we present a framework that incorporates surface characteristics such as Gaussian and mean curvatures into 3D point reconstruction to enhance the reconstruction accuracy. A Gaussian and mean curvature estimation scheme suitable to the proposed framework is also introduced in this paper. Based on this estimation scheme and the proposed framework, the 3D point recovery from image correspondences is formulated as an optimization problem with the surface curvatures modeled as soft constraints. To analyze the performance of proposed 3D reconstruction approach, we generated some synthetic data, including the points on the surfaces of a plane, a cylinder and a sphere, to test the approach. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed framework can indeed improve the accuracy of 3D point reconstruction. Some real-image data were also tested and the results also confirm this point.     

一种基于四值混沌阵列的数字图像加密算法

提出了一种基于四值混沌阵列的数字图像加密算法。利用混沌系统产生一个和图像大小相同的四值伪随机混沌阵列。加密时，将混沌阵列中不同的值分开处理，对不同的值对应的图像点像素进行不同的加密，然后根据给定的随机整数在混沌阵列中寻找加密结果的存放位置。解密是加密的逆过程。实验和分析结果表明，算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度较低，加密效果较好，安全性较高。     

Defect detection in inhomogeneously textured sputtered surfaces using 3D Fourier image reconstruction

Texture analysis techniques have been used extensively for surface inspection, in which small defects that appear as local anomalies in textured surfaces must be detected. Traditional surface inspection methods are mainly concentrated on homogeneous textures. In this paper, we propose a 3D Fourier reconstruction scheme to tackle the problem of surface inspection on sputtered glass substrates that contain inhomogeneous textures. Such sputtered surfaces can be found in touch panels and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Since an inhomogeneously textured surface does not have repetition, self-similarity properties in the image, a sequence of faultless images along with the inspection image are used to construct a 3D image so that the periodic patterns of the surface can be observed in the additional frame-axis. Bandreject filtering is used to eliminate frequency components associated with faultless textures in the spatial domain image, and the 3D inverse Fourier transform is then carried out to reconstruct the image. The resulting image can effectively remove background textures and distinctly preserve anomalies. This converts the difficult defect detection in complicated inhomogeneous textures into a simple thresholding in nontextured images. Experimental results from a number of sputtered glass surfaces have shown the efficacy of the proposed 3D Fourier image reconstruction scheme.     

多小波变换的提升格式及其在图象编码中的应用

在简要介绍提升格式和多小波之后，提出了一种新的实现多小波变换的提升格式模型，由于这个模型主要由若干个单小波变换的提升格式搭建而成，因而不必自己推演提升格式的内部结构和参数，另外，这个模型还可以根据实际应用的需要选用不同的单小波，该文还给出用D9／7双正交（单）小波变换的提升格式构造的多小波变换的实例，并把这样构造的多小波变换应用于图象编码，结果表明，该方法可取得比常用的GHM多小波图象编码更好的效果。     

三维成像声纳图像后处理与可视化

针对基于线阵合成孔径技术的三维成像声纳缺乏有效后处理与可视化方法的问题,提出一个适用于三维成像声纳图像后处理与可视化方案。鉴于水体和地层2种介质具有不同的声学特性,使用组合算法分离水体和地层数据,利用基于边缘梯度均值约束的三维自适应区域生长算法分别对水底和地层目标进行检测,融合水体和地层数据,采用光线投射法进行三维实验数据的可视化。湖试和近海海试结果表明,该方案能够适应声成像中水体与地层的不同特点,有效检测目标,提高声纳图像的表现能力。