任意NUBS曲线的小波分析和造型技术

为了对任意NUBS曲线进行精确的分解和重构，提出了半正交B样条小波分解和重构的新算法，同时给出了处理非均匀B样条曲线的非整数阶分辨率的小波分解和重构算法，并实现了任意非均匀B样条曲线的多分辨率表示，对于任意非均匀B样条或NUBS曲线，无论它有多少个控制点，均可以对它进行半正交分解和重构，而不受控制点数必须等于2＋3的限制，从这个意义上讲，该方法不仅可以实现连续分辨率水平（continuous-resolutionlevel)的非均匀B样条曲线造型，还可以对非均匀B样条和NURBS曲线进行精确的分解和重构，这对于B样条曲线曲面的多分辨率造型与显示具有重大应用价值。     

NURBS曲线曲面的多分辨率几何建模

针对均匀和准均匀B样条小波多分辨率建模表示能力和适应性的不足,基于离散内积和非均匀B样条节点插入算法建立了一种非均匀半正交B样条小波,并进一步论述了其在非均匀B样条曲线曲面中的多分辨率设计.最后通过实例对非均匀B样条曲线曲面中的多分辨率建模进行了说明和验证.     

小波方法光顺的B样条模糊系统及其应用

为了减少不准确数据对模糊系统的影响, 本文利用准均匀B样条小波方法光顺了B样条模糊系统. 首先将B样条模糊系统的多分辨率表示转化为准均匀B样条函数的多分辨率表示, 接着利用准均匀B样条小波分解方法对相应的准均匀B样条函数进行分解就得到了一系列光顺性逐渐增强、规则个数逐渐减少的模糊系统, 即基于小波方法的光顺B样条模糊系统. 最后, 仿真结果表明, 小波方法光顺的B样条模糊系统构造的模糊控制器在改善原来B样条模糊系统构造的模糊控制器性能的同时, 大大提高了原来控制器的运行效率.     

基于小波的准均匀B样条曲线曲面变分造型

变分造型是自由曲线曲面交互设计中常用的技术之一，在传统的变分造型技术中，一般将此类问题转化为对控制顶点的优化求解问题，但当基函数多进，B样条的局部性常会导致待求解系统的性态不好，求解效率降低，对此，文中应用小波方法解决准均匀B样条曲线曲面变分造型中的优化求解问题，由于小波基具有多分辨特性，该方法可以大大提高迭代速度。     

基于小波的B样条曲线多分辨表示及编辑

多分辨表示方法为曲线提供了更为灵活的表达方式,使得我们可以在不同分辨率下对曲线进行编辑,小波技术是实现曲线多分辨表示的一种新颖方法,已有许多论文从理论上论述了这项技术,文中从几何概念出发,由浅入深地论述了基于小波的准均匀三次B样条曲线多分辨表示的原理及其实现,并通过实例描述了B样条曲线的多分辨编辑。     

NURBS曲面多分辨率光顺拼接及其在复杂产品变形设计中的应用

针对复杂产品变形设计中曲面拼接问题,提出基于小波基多尺度分解的NURBS曲面多分辨率光顺拼接与融合方法.首先根据小波分析的多分辨率理论将样条曲面分解为相互正交的两部分,其中低频粗样条函数表示光顺曲面,高频曲面细节函数表示曲面噪声部分;然后利用曲面曲率特征,在B样条小波基多水平分解过程中光顺处理曲面;最后通过设定适当的阈值过滤曲面噪声部分,重构光顺曲面.实验结果表明,文中方法既能保证拼接曲面的几何连续性,又增强了曲面外形的整体光顺性.     

小波理论及其在图形图像处理中的应用

小波分析多尺度特征可以替代B样条基,将多尺度特性带入到曲面之中。这样就可以将分辨率较高的曲面分解成小波系数组和分辨率较低的曲面。运用离散内积和非均匀B样条节点插入算法,根据整体光顺度,从曲面对应的最坏节点进行局部光顺,选择最坏节点的光顺区域,运用约束方程,在光顺界面边界基本不变的条件下,对细节部分迭代进行分解,控制误差。在光顺时又可以保持曲面的连续性。     

小波理论及其在图形图像处理中的应用

小波分析多尺度特征可以替代B样条基,将多尺度特性带入到曲面之中。这样就可以将分辨率较高的曲面分解成小波系数组和分辨率较低的曲面。运用离散内积和非均匀B样条节点插入算法,根据整体光顺度,从曲面对应的最坏节点进行局部光顺,选择最坏节点的光顺区域,运用约束方程,在光顺界面边界基本不变的条件下,对细节部分迭代进行分解,控制误差。在光顺时又可以保持曲面的连续性。     

基于小波分解和ROI的数字高程模型表面建模

将小波多尺度分解和ROI应用于数字高程模型(DEM)的表面建模中,首先用非均匀B样条曲面进行数字高程模型地形表面建模,然后用小波多尺度的特征将地表曲面进行压缩和光顺处理.对复杂地表曲面,可能只对某些局部区域感兴趣,因此在小波多尺度分解过程中要结合感兴趣区域(ROI)的方法.本文阐述了地表曲面小波分解和ROI多分辨率表示的原理,给出了具体曲面的小波分解算法和实现结果,有效减少了曲面存储所需的空间并提高了曲面的光顺程度.     

基于B样条多分辨率表示的一种数字水印方法

本文根据B样条多分辨率表示的特点提出了一种盲数字水印方法,把原图像做二次小波分解,在低频子图像上用Harris特征点检测算法选取特征点,在以特征点为圆心的同心圆上选点的灰度值作为控制顶点建立B样条曲线,对B样条曲线做多分辨率分解,在低分辨率系数中嵌入水印。由于小波分解后选特征点以及Harris特征点具有几何变换不变性,试验表明该方法对JPEG压缩、缩放、旋转、平移、剪切、滤波等具有较强的抵抗力。     

基于小波的曲线任意放大

文章利用小波多分辨理论,提出了任意比例放大曲线的方法.该算法简单,放大后的曲线失真小且比较光滑.同时,在理论上讨论了适于放大缩小曲线的小波基应具有的特征.理论和实验结果均说明双正交B样条小波和半正交B样条小波具有较好的几何特征,适于本文算法.     

Multiresolution for Algebraic Curves and Surfaces using Wavelets

This paper describes a multiresolution method for implicit curves and surfaces. The method is based on wavelets, and is able to simplify the topology. The implicit curves and surfaces are defined as the zero-valued piece-wise algebraic isosurface of a tensor-product uniform cubic B-spline. A wavelet multiresolution method that deals with uniform cubic B-splines on bounded domains is proposed. In order to handle arbitrary domains the proposed algorithm dynamically adds appropriate control points and deletes them in the synthesis phase.     

Multiresolution modeling techniques in CAD

This paper investigates new wavelet-based multiresolution modeling techniques in CAD. Models in the system are represented by endpoint-interpolating B-spline functions. Wavelet deformation techniques are extended to include synthesis editing and detail blending from previous sweep editing and fractional editing methods. Application of multiresolution editing to multiple patches of complex topology is investigated. An algorithm for multi-patch deformation is developed by enforcement of G⁰ continuity between adjacent patches. After editing G¹ continuity may be recaptured by numerical optimization of the error vectors along boundary seams. A simple CAD interface is implemented for B-spline patch acquisition based on reverse engineered data and layer based modeling and a moving cursor plane is used for three-dimensional (3D) editing. Design examples are presented to illustrate the 3D wavelet editing capability. The developed wavelet deformation techniques can be a useful complement to current CAD systems by providing powerful new modeling and editing capabilities.     

Generalized B-spline subdivision-surface wavelets for geometry compression

We present a new construction of lifted biorthogonal wavelets on surfaces of arbitrary two-manifold topology for compression and multiresolution representation. Our method combines three approaches: subdivision surfaces of arbitrary topology, B-spline wavelets, and the lifting scheme for biorthogonal wavelet construction. The simple building blocks of our wavelet transform are local lifting operations performed on polygonal meshes with subdivision hierarchy. Starting with a coarse, irregular polyhedral base mesh, our transform creates a subdivision hierarchy of meshes converging to a smooth limit surface. At every subdivision level, geometric detail is expanded from wavelet coefficients and added to the surface. We present wavelet constructions for bilinear, bicubic, and biquintic B-spline subdivision. While the bilinear and bicubic constructions perform well in numerical experiments, the biquintic construction turns out to be unstable. For lossless compression, our transform is computed in integer arithmetic, mapping integer coordinates of control points to integer wavelet coefficients. Our approach provides a highly efficient and progressive representation for complex geometries of arbitrary topology.     

Identification of coupled map lattice models for spatio-temporal patterns using wavelets

This paper introduces a new approach for the identification of coupled map lattice models of complex spatio-temporal patterns from measured data. The nonlinear functionals describing the evolution of the spatio-temporal patterns are constructed using B-spline wavelet and scaling functions. This provides a multiresolution approximation for the underlying spatio-temporal dynamics. An orthogonal least squares algorithm is used to determine the suitable terms from wavelet functions to form an accurate representation of the nonlinear spatio-temporal dynamics. Three examples are used to demonstrate the application of the proposed new approach.     

Variational Modeling of Free-form Curve and Surface Using Wavelet Basis Functions

Variational modeling approach is often used to interactively design free-form curves and surfaces. Traditionally, a variational problem can be transformed to the optimization of control points. Unfortunately, as the number of basis functions grows, the local support property of B-spline often makes the computation of an optimization system time-consuming. To solve this problem, wavelet basis instead of B-spline basis is used to represent the curves or surfaces. Because the wavelet basis is a hierarchical basis with multiresolution property, the coarse wavelet basis can be used to describe the overall shape of the curves/surfaces, while the finer wavelet basis used to describe the details of the curves/surfaces. Thus, the computing speed of the optimization system can be raised greatly.     

Nonlinear system identification using wavelet networks

A novel identification scheme using wavelet networks is presented for nonlinear dynamical systems. Based on fixed wavelet networks, parameter adaptation laws are developed using a Lyapunov synthesis approach. This guarantees the stability of the overall identification scheme and the convergence of both the parameters and the state errors, even in the presence of modelling errors. Using the decomposition and reconstruction techniques of multiresolution decompositions, variable wavelet networks are introduced to achieve a desired estimation accuracy and a suitable sized network, and to adapt to variations of the characteristics and operating points in nonlinear systems. B-spline wavelets are used to form the wavelet networks and the identification scheme is illustrated using a simulated example.     

Multiresolution offsetting and loose convex hull clipping for 2.5D NC machining

A complex curve can be decomposed using wavelet-based multiresolution analysis into lower resolution curves. In this paper B-spline wavelet theory is applied to NC machining of contoured 2D objects. High-resolution curves are used close to the object boundary, while lower resolution curves are used farther away from the object boundary. This reduces tool path length and sharp corners are smoothed out thereby reducing uncut areas. The wavelet curves are clipped against a loose convex hull of the 2D object contour to further improve the efficiency of the generated tool paths. Simulation results indicate that the wavelet based tool paths and clipping improves machining efficiency.     

Interactive sketch generation

In this paper, we propose an interactive system for generating artistic sketches from images, based on the stylized multiresolution B-spline curve model and the livewire contour tracing paradigm. Our multiresolution B-spline stroke model allows interactive and continuous control of style and shape of the stroke at any level of details. Especially, we introduce a novel mathematical paradigm called the wavelet frame to provide essential properties for multiresolution stroke editing, such as feature point preservation, locality, time-efficiency, good approximation, etc. The livewire stroke map construction leads the user-guided stroke to automatically lock on to the target contour, allowing fast and accurate sketch drawing. We classify the target contours as outlines and interior flow, and develop two respective livewire techniques based on extended graph formulation and vector flow field. Experimental results show that the proposed system facilitates quick and easy generation of artistic sketches of various styles.