收集层结构对准好氧填埋渗滤液水质的影响

在准好氧填埋工艺中,渗滤液收集层可在填埋场底部形成一个好氧生物滤床。采用6组准好氧填埋柱研究了收集层结构对渗滤液降解效果的影响,其中1#～4#柱的渗滤液收集层分别为60、120、180、240 mm高的砾石,5#柱的为180 mm高的卵石,6#柱的为180 mm高的砾石/60mm高的陶粒。监测表明,垃圾填埋柱内的氧浓度表现为上层>中层>下层,具有明显的空间层次效应。经过35周后,对渗滤液中COD、氨氮的去除率分别达到(95.1%～97.7%)、(89.3%～96.8%)。增加渗滤液收集层高度能提高对COD和氨氮的去除率;卵石渗滤液收集层对COD和氨氮的去除效果较砾石的差;在砾石收集层表面增加陶粒可以提高后期对难降解COD的去除效果。     

混凝吸附一两段SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液

利用赤泥制备复合混凝剂PAFCS（聚合硫酸氯化铝铁）并以炉渣作为吸附剂对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理，对SS和色度的去除率分别为84％和92％，对COD的去除率可达53．3％，还提高了渗滤液的可生化性。然后采用两段SBR法对垃圾渗滤液进行生化处理，结果显示：通过对降解COD和氨氮的两类微生物分别进行培养，保持了较高的生物活性，进而提高了对此类高浓度难降解废水的处理效率。通过两段SBR处理以后，COD、BOD和氨氮的去除率分别为88％、94％和89％，出水水质达到了国家《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB 16889—1997）的二级标准。     

A~2/O与混凝沉淀法处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用厌氧—缺氧—好氧—混凝沉淀工艺处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液。当进水COD为2 0 0 0mg/L左右时 ,好氧出水COD可降至 90 0mg/L ,混凝沉淀出水COD可降至 80mg/L ;当进水氨氮浓度为 130 0mg/L左右时 ,好氧出水氨氮 <10mg/L。生物处理系统对总氮的去除率较低 ,仅为2 0 %～ 30 % ,因而提高总氮的去除率应是今后研究的方向之一。     

混凝吸附作用在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用浅析

垃圾渗滤液具有高COD浓度、高氨氮、高重金属的特点,直接采用常规生物方法难以使处理过程正常运行。物化法作为垃圾渗滤液生物处理的预处理工艺,可降低渗滤液中的生物毒性,为后续生物处理提供良好条件。因此,对垃圾渗滤液预处理方法研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实践意义。     

CBF厌氧反应器在垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理中的应用

焚烧厂垃圾渗滤液具有COD浓度高、可生化性强、氮磷充足、硬度高以及SS含量高等特点,采用新型的错流式污泥床-过滤器(CBF)厌氧反应器处理渗滤液的工程实践表明,CBF具有启动快、容积负荷高、处理效率高、抗冲击负荷性能强以及长期运行稳定等优点,是一种高效可靠的厌氧反应器;与UASB相比,CBF的处理能力、COD去除率以及出水水质稳定性等方面均具有显著的优势,非常适用于垃圾渗滤液等高浓度有机废水的厌氧处理。     

MBBR工艺对高含盐废水中氨氮的硝化效果研究

石油炼制催化剂生产企业排放的生产废水具有高TDS、高氨氮、低COD等特点。采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中试装置,通过调整不同进水TDS值,验证不同TDS下MBBR工艺对氨氮的硝化能力。试验表明,MBBR工艺在经过微生物的驯化后,当进水TDS值42 g/L时,对氨氮的去除率能够达到90%左右,进水TDS超过该值则会产生较强的生物抑制性。     

垃圾渗滤液及处理出水的有机物MW分布

以西安市江村沟生活垃圾卫生填埋场（15年填埋期）的渗滤液为研究对象，采用分子质量切割法测定了渗滤液原水及厌氧-好氧（AO）工艺出水有机物的分子质量分布及变化。结果表明：垃圾渗滤液原水中，78．8％以上的有机污染物分布在分子质量（MW）〈10ku的范围内；厌氧生物处理单元对有机物的去除率达63％，COD的降低主要发生在MW〈10ku的范围内，而后续的好氧工艺对有机物去除率的贡献仅为0．82％。所以在试验水质条件下，垃圾渗滤液经厌氧工艺处理后尚需进行后续处理，但不宜选用好氧生物处理工艺，考虑到有机物分子质量的分布特点，建议采用物理化学法作为后续处理工艺。     

改性硅藻土处理垃圾渗滤液的中试研究

利用改性硅藻土对老龄垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行了处理,中试结果表明改性硅藻土的后处理效果比预处理效果好。若提高pH值、增加改性硅藻土投量还可提高COD去除率。采用两级硅藻土反应器串联处理老龄填埋场渗滤液生物处理出水,COD去除率可达到57%。     

两级A/O-Fenton-BAF工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

针对垃圾渗滤液的水质特征,采用厌氧折流板反应器/一级好氧/接触厌氧/二级好氧/Fenton氧化/曝气生物滤池工艺处理垃圾渗滤液.原水COD约为1 300 mg/L,氨氮约为300mg/L,运行结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,系统对COD的去除率达到93%,对氨氮的去除率达到98%,出水COD<100 mg/L、氨氮<25 mg/L、色度<40倍、悬浮物<30 mg/L,达到<生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准>(GB 16889-2008)中表2的排放标准.     

两级管网式反渗透工艺处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液

垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染物负荷高,水量、水质变化大,成分复杂,处理难度大,投资和运行费用高。反渗透技术能有效截留垃圾渗滤液中溶解态的有机和无机污染物,可以实现渗滤液处理的达标排放。采用两级管网式反渗透(STRO)工艺处理老港垃圾填埋场渗滤液,对电导率的去除率为92%~95%,对氨氮的去除率为99.2%~99.5%,对COD的去除率达到了99.5%以上,在出水中未检测出SS,且反渗透膜未出现结垢和膜污染现象。可见,两级STRO工艺在渗滤液处理领域具有重要的推广应用价值。     

盐度对浒苔渗沥液和城市污水联合处理效果影响

盐度是浒苔渗沥液和生活污水联合处理的主要限制因素.试验中采用SBR生物处理工艺对浒苔渗沥液和生活污水进行联合处理,并考察了浒苔渗沥液与生活污水混合比例对处理效果的影响.随着浒苔渗沥液投加比例的增加,盐度含量递增,结果表明：①当盐度低于3.2 g/L时,COD处理效果未受显著影响,当盐度高于3.2 g/L时,COD处理效...     

投加高效菌处理回灌型垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

从垃圾转运站被污染的土壤中筛选出1株高效菌，向垃圾渗滤液中投加该菌株进行厌氧摇瓶试验，结果表明该菌株具有较好的厌氧去除氨氮的性能。将该菌株投加于模拟填埋场生物反应器中，进行了为期282d的试验，结果表明，渗滤液中的氨氮与COD被同时去除，第282天时渗滤液中的COD为770mg／L、NH4^＋ -N为90．1mg／L，大大降低了渗滤液后续处理的难度。     

微波强化Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

以负载铁(Ⅱ)的颗粒活性炭(GAC)为催化剂,采用微波强化Fenton氧化处理老龄垃圾渗滤液,考察了对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果及微波的作用机理。结果表明,微波对Fenton氧化反应有催化作用,且可促进渗滤液中胶体的絮凝,微波作用时间是影响处理效果的主要因素;当GAC的铁负载量为33.32mg/g、微波功率为720W、微波时间为30min时,对COD和NH3-N的去除率最高,分别达到了95.64%和88.63%;COD主要通过催化氧化作用被去除,而NH3-N主要通过絮凝、吸附作用被去除;另外,微波可使GAC再生,提高了GAC的利用率。     

TiO2、Cu2O和氧化石墨烯复合氧化垃圾渗滤液效能

针对垃圾渗滤液中成分复杂的污染物,在自然光照条件下,使用TiO₂/氧化石墨烯、Cu₂O/氧化石墨烯和TiO₂/Cu₂O三种复合催化剂分别对垃圾渗滤液原液进行催化氧化。结果表明,3种复合催化剂中,TiO₂/氧化石墨烯复合催化剂对有机物的去除效果最好,当催化剂与渗滤液COD的质量比为0.7时为该催化剂的最佳投加量,最佳反应时间为2 h。在最佳试验条件下,对垃圾渗滤液原液进行催化氧化后,对COD的去除率达到92.57%,此时渗滤液出水COD为964.79mg/L,出水NH4⁺-N为2015.84 mg/L,BOD₅/COD值达到0.83。     

混凝/化学氧化/曝气生物滤池深度处理垃圾渗滤液

随着垃圾渗滤液的老龄化,常规的生化处理已经不能使出水达标排放,需要进行深度处理。采用混凝／化学氧化／曝气生物滤池联合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液,进水COD为700mg／L左右,出水COD〈100mg／L,去除率〉85％,排放口水质达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB16889--1997）一级标准。     

Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液

介绍了Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的中型试验,其中Fenton氧化在连续搅拌反应器（CSTR）中进行。试验表明,当双氧水与亚铁盐的总投加比一定（H2O2／Fe^2 =3.0)时,COD的去除率随双氧水投加量的增加而增加,但与双氧水在两个氧化槽的投加比例无关。当双氧水的总投加量为0.1mol/L时,COD的去除率可达67．5％,这一结果同样适用于其他垃圾填埋场的晚期渗滤液处理。     

Treatment of landfill leachate by combined aged-refuse bioreactor and electro-oxidation

Two-stage aged-refuse bioreactor (ARB) was applied to treat landfill leachate in Shanghai Waste Laogang Disposal Plant. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) of landfill leachate treated by the two-stage bioreactor system were 98.5%, 99.9%, 98.0%, 64.2% and 99.9%, respectively. The COD and BOD in the second stage effluent were 239 and 7 mg l(-1), respectively. Thus three types of electrolysis were employed to further treat the second effluent, undivided electrolysis (UDE), divided electrolysis (DE) with Ti/PbO(2) cathode and DE with gas diffusion cathode. All electrolysis processes possessed good color removal effect, while the DE with gas diffusion cathode had the best TOC removal effect. The optimum electrolysis time of leachate was 30 min. The TOC removal efficiencies were 51.4% and 39.7% in anolyte and catholyte, respectively, after 30 min electrolysis at 5 V. In addition, the DE with gas diffusion cathode showed the least energy consumption of 9.8 k Whm(-3) at 30 min. The organic pollutants in the leachate were analyzed through a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Through the two-stage ARB, the species and concentrations of organic pollutants in landfill leachate reduced greatly. Several chlorinated organic compounds were detected in the effluent after the UDE and the anolyte of the DE. In addition, the concentration of absorbable organic halogens (AOX) increased greatly during the electrolysis. Hence, careful consideration should be given in the application of electro-oxidation into the treatment of chloride-containing wastewater.     

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in recycled leachate of bioreactor landfill

Landfill leachate needs sufficient treatment before safe disposal. Bioreactor landfill technology could effectively degrade the organic matters in recirculated leachate, hence leaving a leachate stream of low biodegradability. This study characterized the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the leachate from simulated bioreactor landfill columns with or without presence of trace oxygen. The removal efficiencies of this DOM using coagulation-sedimentation or electrolysis processes were demonstrated. Recirculated leachates were sampled from the simulated landfill columns applying conventional mode, intermittent-aeration mode, and natural aeration mode, whose DOM was fractionated into humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and hydrophilic fractions (HyI) by the XAD-8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The recirculated leachate had low BOD/COD ratio, high humic substances contents, and high aromatic content. Their HA fraction comprised mainly large molecules (>10 k Da), while the FA and HyI were composed of smaller molecules (<50 k and <4 k Da, respectively). With the presence of oxygen, the TOC contents and the contents of HA, FA and HyI in leachate reduced, with FA and HyI fractions of molecular weight (MW) lower than 4 k Da more readily degraded. The organic matters left in leachates from intermittent-aeration mode and natural aeration mode were of low biodegradability. It was tested in the following sections the effects of coagulation-sedimentation process and of electrolysis process on the removal of residual DOM in recirculated leachate. Coagulation-sedimentation tests revealed that poly ferric sulphate (PFS) could remove more COD (58.1%) from leachate than polyaluminum chloride (PACl) (22.9%), particularly on the HA fraction with MW>10 k Da. Coagulation-sedimentation could not remove most of HyI in leachate. Furthermore, the corresponding BOD/COD ratio was not improved through coagulation. Electrolysis test could also effectively removed HA of MW>10 k Da. However, the biodegradability of treated effluent considerably was improved. The electrolysis could decompose high MW substances and increase biodegradability of recirculated leachate from bioreactor landfill.