永磁同步电动机电抗参数研究

永磁同步电动机电抗参数是电机性能分析和优化设计的重要依据.由于永磁同步电动机转子磁路结构多种多样,与普通同步电机有很大差别,电抗参数用现有计算方法难以计算准确,不仅导致延长研制过程、加大研制费用,而且使设计优化和性能仿真缺乏科学依据.本文利用ANSOFT软件对永磁同步电动机的交、直轴电枢反应电抗参数进行计算,计算结果与试验测试结果吻合较好,在此基础上总结出永磁同步电动机电抗参数的变化规律,为永磁同步电动机设计提供了依据.     

基于离散时间趋近率控制与内模控制的永磁同步电动机传动系统

提出一种永磁同步电动机（PMSM)鲁棒控制技术，以削弱系统性能对电机模型精度的敏感性，简化控制器设计过程。首先在电流控制中应用对模型误差高度鲁棒的内模控制(IMC)，得到同步坐标系下直接由电机参数和期望闭环带宽表示的PI型IMC控制器，改善电流环特性的同时避免了调节PI参数。随后提出了基于离散时间趋近率控制(RLC)的PMSM速度控制器，其离散解满足了数字控制对离散系统分析与设计的需要，分析了速度环中RLC控制器的稳定性。仿真结果验证了所提传动系统的优良性能。     

A robust principal component analysis-based approach for detection of a stator inter-turn fault in induction motors

Health condition monitoring of induction motors is important because of their vital role and wide us in a variety of industries. A stator inter-turn fault (SITF) is considered to be the most common electrical failure according to statistical studies. In this paper, an algorithm for the detection of an SITF is presented. It is based on one of the blind source separation techniques called principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed algorithm uses PCA to discriminate between the faulty components of motor current signatures and motor voltage signatures from other components. The standard deviation of one of the decomposed vectors is used as a statistical SITF criterion. The proposed criterion is robust to non-fault conditions including voltage quality problems and large mechanical load changes as well as harmonic contaminants in the voltage supply. In addition, with a straightforward and low computational burden in the fault detection process, the proposed method is computationally efficient. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, large numbers of practical and simulation scenarios are considered, and the results confirm the good performance, high degree of accuracy, and good convergence speed of the proposed method.     

Analysis of Winding Forms for Bearingless Flux-Switching PM Motor with U-core Stator Laminations

Due to low-cost and magnet-free rotor structure, bearingless flux-switching permanent magnet motors (BFSPMs) are more applicable to high-temperature and/or disposable applications. A BFSPM with U-core stator laminations is investigated in this paper. First, the operational principle is analyzed in accordance with the influence of winding connection manners on torque and radial forces, and then the basic winding arrangement for torque windings and radial force windings is determined. The mathematical models of torque and radial forces are derived based on the basic winding arrangement. Followed by that, a method to select winding terminal connection manners is proposed by taking into account control scheme and power inverter topologies. A promising terminal connection is found from three possible candidates and a detailed current model for torque and radial force control are given for the promising winding forms. Finally, relevant electromagnetic properties of the motor are verified and analyzed by finite element analysis.     

基于有限元法和傅立叶变换求解稀土永磁同步电动机空载反电势

本文用有限元方法计算了稀土永磁电机的气隙磁场,并用傅立叶变换代替传统的傅立叶级数进行气隙磁场的波形分析,准确快速地得到了稀土永磁电机气隙磁场的基波,较准确地计算出了稀土永磁电机的空载反电势,最后对800W的试验样机进行了实际测试,得到了令人满意的结果。     

基于电流快速响应的永磁同步电机六拍运行控制策略

提出一种基于电流快速响应的永磁同步电机六拍运行控制策略,使电机在满足动态过调制、弱磁和电流快速响应的同时,实现电机的六拍运行。在此基础上,提出一种针对过调制控制的弱磁方法,该方法可有效减小电机在过调制区域的转矩脉动。以一台车用凸极永磁同步电机进行仿真实验研究,实验结果证明了这种控制方法的有效性。     

基于直流电压注入的永磁同步电机定子绕组温度在线估计

提出一种新的永磁同步电机定子绕组实时温度在线估计方法。该方法无需温度传感器,也无需改变电机驱动系统的硬件,仅需在矢量控制中向α轴注入直流电压信号,通过在线辨识定子电阻并结合金属材料温度与阻值的线性关系实现定子绕组实时温度的估计。该方法特别适用于大功率电机,注入较小的信号即可在相绕组上产生相对较大的直流电流,减小了在交流相电流中提取直流电流分量的难度和温度估计误差。提出三种定子电压直流分量的获取方法,并给出讨论分析和对比结果,其中直接采用所注入信号实现温度估计的方法,无需对相交流电压采样和后处理得到直流分量,估计精度较高。仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Permanent magnet synchronous machines with concentrated coil armature windings: analysis and test validation of Single Stator–Double Rotor,axial flux machines

Some design and operation aspects of axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines, employing armature windings with concentrated coils wound around the stator teeth, are presented. The e.m.f. control is based on the variation of the windings flux linkage, obtained by modifying the stator (or rotor) configuration. Thanks to the high number of poles and the excellent waveform quality, even with deep field weakening, these machines exhibit a satisfactory operation at low speed, both as generators and motors. In the paper, the main constructive machine features are discussed, together with some design and FEM results. A test on a prototype has also been carried out.     

极槽数相近配合的永磁低速同步电动机

根据实际工程问题需要设计一台极槽数相近配合的低速永磁同步电动机。利用有限元法对电机磁场进行分析,并通过时步有限元法对其性能进行了仿真。分析与仿真结果表明：尽管电机的气隙磁场远非正弦分布,但绕组的感应电动势很接近正弦,电磁转矩的脉动以及齿槽转矩较小。     

新型模块化磁通切换永磁电机驱动系统建模与仿真研究

磁通切换永磁(FSPM)电机是一种新型定子永磁型电机,具有功率密度高、效率高等优点。为提高其容错性能,提出了一种具有模块化结构的FSPM(M-FSPM)电机。建立了该电机定子/转子坐标系下的数学模型,验证了矢量控制应用于M-FSPM电机的可行性。运用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建了M-FSPM电机系统的仿真模型。研究结果表明,M-FSPM电机是一种新型容错电机,具有优良的稳态和动态性能。     

带铜皮套的U型单相永磁同步电动机参数计算

U型单相永磁同步电动机结构简单，为了利于电机的起动，在转子永磁体外侧加一个铜皮套筒。文中利用二维有限元法对电机的磁场分布和气隙磁密分布进行了计算，在此基础上得到了绕组永磁磁链、自感、互感以及感应电动势随转子位置变化的关系曲线，建立了dq坐标下的数学模型和等效电路，为单相永磁同步电机的设计和优化奠定了基础并提供了依据。     

搅拌机高效永磁同步电机的设计与分析

永磁同步电机（PMSMs）具有高效、高转矩密度、高功率因数等优点,应用于发电厂辅机系统节能效果显著,具有很好的应用前景好。搅拌机是辅机系统的重要部件,本文基于Easimotor软件的磁路法,为搅拌机设计了一字形、V形、U形与W形转子结构的四种嵌入式PMSMs。在保持定子不变的条件下,比较了四种PMSMs的效率、功率因数与永磁体用量,表明U形转子性能更具有优势,而且永磁体用量少。基于有限元建立了其2D仿真模型,仿真分析空载时的磁场分布与齿槽转矩、额定负载时的磁场分布、平均电磁转矩与转矩脉动,为搅拌机高效永磁同步电机的设计提供参考。     

Prediction of the electromagnetic torque in synchronous machines through Maxwell stress harmonic filter (HFT) method

For the calculation of torque in synchronous motors a local method is analysed, based on the Maxwell stress theory and the filtered contributions due to the harmonics of the magnetic vector potential in the motor air-gap. By considering the space fundamental field only, the method can efficiently estimate the average synchronous torque for a variety or motor topologies, including concentrated winding designs. This approach employs an analytical filter for the Maxwell stress tensor and `frozen permeability' technique. The proposed method is validated by comparison with FE results for several synchronous motor types: interior permanent magnet motors, wound field motor, synchronous reluctance motor.     

用有限元法求解稀土永磁同步电机电磁转矩

用有限元法计算稀土永磁电机的气隙磁场，并用傅立叶变换代替传统的傅立叶级数进行波形分析，利用麦克斯韦应力张量法和磁通法计算出电磁转矩．得到较好的结果。     

转子分段斜极永磁同步电机电磁振动噪声研究

基近年来永磁同步电机(PMSM)以其高效、节能的优点被广泛应用于电动汽车行业。然而电机的高频噪声已成为限制PMSM发展的关键因素。鉴于此,建立了一种能够进行电磁噪声预测的多物理场仿真模型,验证了所建立的仿真模型在预测和评估电磁噪声方面的有效性。另外,提出了一种可影响电磁噪声的转子分段斜极模型,并详细研究了斜极角对电磁噪声的影响。通过研究对电磁噪声影响较大的低阶径向磁力的光谱特性,比较分析了有无转子分段斜极的永磁同步电动机的电磁噪声特性分布。实验结果表明:在不同的斜极角下径向力密度的光谱是不同的;在频率范围内有转子分段斜极电机的SPL高于无转子分段斜极电机的SPL;所构建的基于多物理场的仿真模型能够很好地预测电磁噪声。     

永磁无刷轮毂电机分数槽绕组的设计与分析

永磁电机由于齿槽效应产生的定位转矩和转矩脉动,在转速较低的轮毂电机中尤为显著.无刷直流电机常用的整数槽绕组节距较大,且绕组相互重叠,使得绕组端部很大.该文对于极对数不同的整数槽绕组电机模型和分数槽绕组电机模型的绕组和定位转矩进行对比研究.理论分析表明分数槽绕组能够有效减小电机定位转矩与转矩脉动,减小绕组端部长度.最后使用有限元仿真对理论分析进行了验证.     

基于电压、电流不平衡度差值的干式变压器匝间短路故障识别方法

干式变压器绕组发生轻微匝间短路时,相电压、相电流等电气量变化甚微,不能作为表征匝间短路故障的敏感特征量,导致相应保护措施缺失,运行过程中设备烧毁事故时有发生。通过建立干式变压器“场-路”耦合仿真模型,利用实际试验和工程计算获取的状态参数,验证模型的准确性。通过建立和分析其绕组匝间短路故障数学模型,提取相电压、相电流不平衡度标幺值的差值,作为判断匝间短路故障的特征量。通过仿真分析不同工况下其绕组发生匝间短路故障时不同电气量的变化情况,论证了所提新故障特征量不仅能提前感知绕组匝间短路故障,而且能够克服固有的三相不对称及不平衡运行带来的影响,有效性、灵敏性兼顾,为实时监测干式变压器绕组匝间绝缘状态提供一种新方法。     

永磁同步电动机调速系统的模糊PI智能控制新方法

在分析永磁同步电动机 (PMSM )数学模型的基础上 ,利用Matlab软件建立了控制系统的仿真模型 ,提出了一种新型的模糊PI控制方法。在PMSM双闭环调速系统中 ,电流控制采用滞环电流调节器 ,而转速控制通过采用常规PI控制和模糊控制相结合的方法来实现。仿真结果表明 ,这种新型的模糊PI智能控制方法响应快、无超调、鲁棒性强、抗干扰能力好 ,较传统PI控制具有更好的动、静态特性     

基于分形维数的PMSM局部退磁故障诊断

为了实现永磁同步电机(PMSM)永磁体局部退磁故障诊断,首先建立计及永磁体局部退磁故障的PMSM数学模型,实现永磁体局部退磁故障电气特性的定性与定量描述。在此基础上,提出了集成自适应基波提取和经验模态分解(EMD)于一体,基于分形维数的永磁体局部退磁故障诊断方法。最后,通过PMSM驱动系统稳态和动态运行工况对所提出的永磁体局部退磁故障诊断方法进行仿真测试和实验验证,综合系统仿真和实验验证结果证实了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Investigation in Determining the Relative Position between Stator and Rotor of a PMSM in Electromagnetic Field Calculation

When designing a universal finite element software for analyzing a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the relative position of the stator and rotor remains unknown. However, determining the relative position is a precondition for electromagnetic field calculation. Through analyzing the basic relationship of variables in a synchronous machine, the characteristics of an air-gap-resultant electromotive force and an inner power angle under a special inner power factor angle are obtained. A method similar to inverse problem solving is proposed. A series of electromagnetic field calculation under different armature current initial phase angles are carried out, and through searching the field of a special inner power factor angle, the relative position of the rotor and the stator can be determined subsequently. Translated from “Investigation in Determining the Relative Position Between Stator and Rotor of a PMSM in Electromagnetic Field Calculation” published in Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2004, 34(2): 198–202 (in Chinese)