基于DSP的电能扰动检测连续小波变换算法

小波变换((WT)具有良好的时频局部化特性,可以同时提取信号的时频特性,是分析电能质量问题的有力工具[1].采用连续小波变换(CWT)算法,选用具有良好频域特性的Morlet复值小波对电能扰动信号进行处理,并通过数字信号处理器(DSP)进行验证.测试结果表明,该算法对给定的采样数据,能够准确地得到扰动信号中的各种特征参...     

小波变换在电力系统中应用研究

小波变换与Fourier变换相比具有良好时域局部化特征，时域窗口随信号的变化自动调整。综述了近年来小波分析在电力系统中的应用情况，按照小波分析在电力系统各个应用领域进行分类、归纳和总结，说明了小波分析在电力系统各方面的应用是相当成功的，有很广阔的应用前景。同时也指出小波分析的不足之处，表现在2个方面；线调频小波变换比小波变换的时域窗口更加灵活，对噪声和和信号频率混叠现象的消噪分离更有效；小波分析缺乏有效的快速算法，因而很难满足实时性的要求，同时基于它用来检测、分析电力系统中出现的各种故障的相应硬件产品还未研制出来。     

电力系统暂态保护中小波基的选择与应用

电力暂态信号的识别、处理和利用是新一代继电保护,（暂态保护）技术发展的基础。小波变换在时域和频域内均有局部化能力,是电力暂态信号分析的强有力工具。文中研究和描述小波分析理论,探讨了小波基的特性,为电力系统常见暂态信号分析的小波基选择提供了依据。利用Matlab对一条500kV输电线路进行发生单相接地时故障定位仿真以及重合闸误动仿真,并利用小波分析中的模极大值和多尺度方法分析了仿真结果,结果证明了该选择的正确性。     

基于小波熵和小波熵权的电能质量扰动识别

电力系统中电能质量扰动信号的分类和识别一直是国内外众多学者研究的热点问题。小波分析是具有时频局部化特性的时频分析方法,在此基础上定义的小波熵具有较好的定量特征提取能力。基于此,在给出小波熵、小波相对熵和小波熵权的基本原理和定义的基础上,文章提出利用小波熵和熵权两种测度来分类和识别电能质量扰动信号,建立了各种扰动的仿真模型,对电压突降、突升、中断,振荡暂态、脉冲暂态、电压尖峰、缺口、谐波等扰动类型进行了系统的仿真分析。结果表明,不同类型扰动信号的小波熵及熵权具有不同的定性规律,小波熵及小波熵权对电能质量扰动具有一定的分类识别能力。     

电动汽车充电对配电网的影响及对策

电动汽车的大规模使用将会对配电网产生直接影响。以某市一条10kV生活线路为对象,考虑了多种渗透率场景,从负荷、电网损耗和电压等几个方面分析了电动汽车充电对配电网的影响。分析结果表明当电动汽车渗透率较高时,车主的无控制充电行为将会对电网造成巨大的压力,而合理的电动汽车接入电网充电将有助于电网的经济运行。提出了电动汽车智能充电方法,该方法可在满足电动汽车充电需求的情况下,根据短期负荷趋势,对各时段可充电功率进行优化,达到平稳负荷、降低电能损耗和提高电压质量的目标。     

基于改进PSO - WNN的电能质量扰动分类研究

提出一种基于改进粒子群算法和小波神经网络相结合的电能质量扰动分类方法.首先利用小波多分辨技术检测电能质量扰动信号,然后提取各类扰动能量特征向量,将此特征向量输入到优化后的小波神经网络进行识别,最后经改进粒子群小波神经网络得到电能质量扰动分类结果.实例仿真计算结果表明,方法可大大提高电能质量扰动分类识别能力.     

基于单节点重构改进小波包的电力系统谐波分析算法

在传统小波包算法中,虽然提高了频率分辨率,但是各子带存在产生虚假频率成分的情况,应用于电力系统谐波分析将产生严重的频率混叠现象。应用单节点重构改进小波包快速算法,利用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）和快速傅里叶逆变换（IFFT）对各子带信号进行处理,并调整滤波器组使子带频带顺序排列。通过仿真实例将改进算法的结果与传统算法进行对比,结果证明,改进算法能更有效地避免重构信号中的频谱混叠和交错现象。     

Effects of Smart Charging of Multiple Electric Vehicles in Reducing Power Generation Fuel Cost

The high penetration of variable sources of renewable power generation will lead to operational difficulties in supply/demand balancing in the entire power system. The mass deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug‐in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) will also cause significant changes in electricity demand. Therefore, controlling and managing the charging time of EVs/PHEVs are effective approaches that are imperative for improving balancing in power system operation. We assumed travel patterns for EVs in a model of the future Tokyo power system and analyzed the power system loads, including the charging load of the EVs, under several charging control scenarios. We verified that charging time controls are substantially effective for reducing the fuel costs in the power system. Further, we found that load leveling under a multicar charging management scenario gave the best results in terms of the fuel costs in all cases.     

小波包变换在电能质量扰动检测中的应用

鉴于小波包变换能够均匀划分信号频带,聚焦任意频率,是暂态电能质量扰动分析的良好工具,提出了在噪声环境中电能质量扰动检测和定位的有效方法,即利用小波包变化模极大值原理定位电力系统短时扰动并确定扰动持续时间。仿真表明,通过小波包一、二次分解和重构能更好地提取扰动特征信息,从而为电能质量的检测、评估及治理提供依据,且该算法计算简单、快速、有效。     

基于改进经验小波变换的电能质量扰动检测新方法

针对经验小波变换(EWT)用于电能质量信号分析时,其频带划分结果易受频谱泄漏和噪声污染干扰的问题,提出一种基于改进经验小波变换(IEWT)的电能质量扰动检测新方法。首先,通过Fourier谱包络动态测度算法确定扰动信号的特征频点,并在原有频带边界的基础上进行延拓;然后,运用IEWT将扰动信号分解为若干调幅-调频(AM-FM)分量之和;最后对扰动分量实施标准希尔伯特变换,以求取扰动幅值、频率和起止时刻。通过算例仿真和变电站实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性,并对其检测结果进行对比分析。实验结果表明,所提方法兼具良好的模态分解能力和抗噪性能,且普适性更强,运算耗时更短,适用于工程实践。     

基于小波变换的母线行波保护研究

小波变换在电力系统部分领域获得了成功应用,暂态行波保护是继电保护的一个重要分支,将小波变换用于初始电流行波信号的分析,构成母线保护原理,最后用电力系统暂态分析软件ATP进行了仿真验证并提出了硬件实现方案。     

一种±800 kV云广特高压直流系统交流滤波器高压电容器故障识别方法的研究

±800 kV云广特高压直流输电系统中,在各种特殊工况下,如投切滤波器、直流功率调整、电网扰动等,由于交流滤波器中大量电容器件的充放电过程,会导致交流滤波器上流过较大的冲击电流,该冲击电流将导致交流滤波器高压电容器不平衡电流增大,从而使不平衡保护发生误动作。准确的识别交流滤波器高压电容器故障与冲击干扰,对交流滤波器不平衡保护的准确动作具有非常重大的意义。通过对不平衡电流采样值进行小波变换,利用小波变化模极大值,提出一种新的交流滤波器高压电容器故障识别方法。通过PSCAD/EMTDC软件仿真验证,该方法能快速、准确、有效的识别交流滤波器高压电容器故障与冲击干扰,提高了交流滤波器不平衡保护的可靠性和准确性。     

基于连续潮流的配电网供电能力评估

随着非全相运行的分布式电源大量接入配电网,配电网固有的三相不平衡特征更加突出,传统配电网供电能力评估因忽略配电网三相不平衡特征导致结果不准确。为了准确分析三相不平衡特征对配电网最大供电能力评估的影响,建立了以配电网供电负荷参数最大为目标函数,考虑了支路热约束和节点电压等状态变量和分布式电源的有功和无功功率等控制变量的含分布式电源三相不平衡配电网供电能力评估模型。选择电压跌落情况最严重的相作为连续参数,确保预测-校正过程的的连续潮流法求解的结果更加精确。最后,采用拓展的IEEE33节点配电系统进行仿真验证,表明文中所提的模型和求解方法是有效的。     

小波熵证据的信息融合在电力系统故障诊断中的应用

电力系统中快速准确的故障诊断是事故后隔离故障元件、恢复系统正常运行的首要前提,具有重要意义。该文从信息融合的角度出发,提出利用多种小波熵测度的融合来解决电力系统故障诊断问题。小波熵测度由于结合了小波变换和信息熵理论的优势,能快速准确地提取线路故障特征,但由于故障的不确定性和多样性,依靠单一的小波熵测度诊断故障可能出现诊断困难或诊断失真等问题,因此提出采用D-S证据理论对多种小波熵进行信息融合,并采用范数加权平均的方法来建立基本可信度分配,以基本可信数的决策方法来实现故障模式诊断。基于EMTDC和Matlab的仿真证明,该方法能提高对故障诊断结果的支持度及故障诊断的准确性和实时性,是故障模式定量诊断的一种可行性新方法。     

A novel out of step relaying algorithm based on wavelet transform and a deep learning machine model

Out-of-step protection of one or a group of synchronous generators is unreliable in a power system which has significant renewable power penetration. In this work, an innovative out-of-step protection algorithm using wavelet transform and deep learning is presented to protect synchronous generators and transmission lines. The specific patterns are generated from both stable and unstable power swing, and three-phase fault using the wavelet transform technique. Data containing 27,008 continuous samples of 48 different features is used to train a two-layer feed-forward network. The proposed algorithm gives an automatic, setting free and highly accurate classification for the three-phase fault, stable power swing, and unstable power swing through pattern recognition within a half cycle. The proposed algorithm uses the Kundur 2-area system and a 29-bus electric network for testing under different swing center locations and levels of renewable power penetration. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests show the hardware compatibility of the developed out-of-step algorithm. The proposed algorithm is also compared with recently reported algorithms. The comparison and test results on different large-scale systems show that the proposed algorithm is simple, fast, accurate, and HIL tested, and not affected by changes in power system parameters.     

基于单周期控制的高功率因数整流器在不平衡系统下的特性

在飞机电气系统中，随着电力电子装置的广泛应用，交流供电系统的电能质量问题受到越来越多的关注。对于三相三开关高功率因数整流器来说，单周期控制是一种可靠简单的非线性大信号控制方式，该文研究了在飞机三相电源不平衡情况下的单周期控制高功率因数整流器的工作特性。仿真分析和试验结果都表明单周期控制在飞机三相电网平衡与不平衡条件下能够实现输入电流低失真度以及交流侧高功率因数，这对于单周期控制技术在飞机电气系统中的推广应用具有重要意义。     

基于小波能谱矩阵相似度的电力暂态信号识别

暂态保护技术正呈现加速发展态势,但如何正确识别各类故障和非故障暂态,是暂态保护实用化必须解决的一个最大难题.信号经过小波分析之后得到的小波能谱能很好的反映信号不同时间的能量分布.电力系统中,不同电力暂态信号其时频特性必然不同,其在多个尺度下的小波能谱的分布必然存在差异,因此,在构造小波能谱矩阵的基础上,借鉴数字图像处理中的相似度的思想,提出基于小波能谱矩阵相似度的分类方法.建立各种电力暂态的标准能谱矩阵,计算测试样本的能谱矩阵与各种标准能谱矩阵的相似度,按照相似度最大原则实现分类.对电力系统单相接地故障暂态、线路正常开关操作暂态、电容投切操作暂态和雷电扰动暂态的仿真分析表明,该方法对电力暂态的识别率高.     

基于DSP和LabVIEW的电参数检测系统

为解决大量非线性负荷和冲击性电力设备投入引起的电能质量问题,设计了一套基于DSP和LabVIEW的电参数检测系统,提出了将FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)和WT( Wavelet Transform)相结合的稳暂态检测新算法.该算法先通过小波变换消噪,然后找到小波变换高频系数的极大值点,继而确定暂...     

A combinatorial artificial intelligence real-time solution to the unit commitment problem incorporating V2G

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been the center of attention in recent years as they can be utilized to set up a bidirectional connection to a power grid for ancillary services procurement. By incorporating Vehicle to Grid (V2G), this paper proposes a real-time solution to a non-convex constrained unit commitment (UC) optimization problem considering V2G parking lots as dispersed generation units. V2G parking lots can be considered as virtual power plants that my decrease dependency to small expensive units in a UC problem. In this paper, firstly a probabilistic attendance model of PHEVs in a parking lot is investigated, while expected number of PHEVs as well as the equivalent generation capacity of the parking lot is obtained using a radial basis neural network. Secondly, a particular UC problem considering V2G parking lot is solved using GA-ANN as a hybrid heuristic method. A real-time estimation of PHEVs number in the V2G parking lot and real-time solution to UC–V2G problem associated with load variation makes this work distinguished, while the proposed method is applied to a standard IEEE 10-unit test system with promising results.     

A novel approach to the design of a shunt active filter for anunbalanced three-phase four-wire system under nonsinusoidal conditions

A new approach is presented for the design of a shunt active filter in a three-phase, four-wire distribution system with unbalanced, distorted sources and unbalanced loads. The purpose of the shunt active filter is to provide compensation currents such that the source needs to supply balanced (positive-sequence) fundamental source current at unity power factor even though the load consumes harmonic currents as well as positive, negative, and zero-sequence currents. A major feature of the proposed approach is that it does not require symmetrical component transformation to transform the three-phase voltages and currents to α-β-o quantities. This makes practical implementation of the proposed method easier than the symmetrical component transformation approach. In addition, the power factor of the positive-sequence fundamental component is close to unity and only positive-sequence power is supplied by the source. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulation and experimental results of a shunt active filter for a three-phase four-wire distribution system with distorted, unbalanced source voltages and unbalanced loads