Tunable holographic interferometer with a beam-splitting unit and fixed mirrors

This paper presents a holographic interferometer configuration with inclined fixed mirrors based on a beam-splitting unit in which the convergence angle of the partial beams is tuned only by rotating the interferometer relative to the radiation source. The continuous range of tuning is close to the maximum possible (0–180°). The path lengths of the interfering beams are automatically aligned due to the mirror symmetry of the system. The position of the axis of rotation providing minimal aperture limitations in almost the entire range of tuning is determined. A comparison is made with an alternative configuration based on a beam-splitter cube.     

Limiting characteristics of a rotationally tunable two-beam interferometer with a fixed photosensitive element

Results of calculations of the limiting characteristics of a rotationally tunable two-beam interferometer on the basis of a beam-splitter cube with fixed mirrors and a fixed photosensitive element are presented. The convergence angle is changed solely by rotating the beam source with respect to the interferometer. It is shown that the convergence angle can be varied in the interval from 46 to 166° with sufficiently wide light beams.     

Rotationally tunable two-beam interferometer with a fixed photosensitive element. Part I. Interferometer based on a beam-splitter cube

A two-beam interferometer based on a beam-splitter cube with a fixed photosensitive element is proposed. The interferometer is designed for generating interference patterns with a tunable period. The only type of motion resulting in a change in the period is interferometer rotation with respect to the source of the light beam. The greatest width of the range of convergence angle tuning is close to 50°, and possible values of this angle lie in the interval from 10 to 180°. The interferometer arms have identical lengths owing to its symmetry. The absence of adjustment elements ensures high stability of the instrument with respect to vibrations.     

具有隔离器功能的激光干涉仪的研究

提出了一种具有隔离器功能的激光干涉仪.既可以进行干涉测量,又具有隔离器功能,可以防止反射光回到光源,使光源保持稳定,确保了测量精度.该干涉仪由常规干涉仪和双级隔离器的结构有机的结合起来,其中某些元件合二为一,使一个元件起到双重功能的作用,同时使干涉光路和隔离光路也相互重合起来.理论分析和实验研究表明:该方案是可行的.隔离度与双级隔离器的隔离度相同,达到了48dB.该装置的干涉测量精度与一般干涉仪一样取决于激光波长,但该装置结构紧凑,简化了测量系统,实际使用更为方便.     

White-light interferometer with partial correlogram scanning

A method for measurement of a surface microprofile with a nanometer resolution is described. The method is based on partial scanning of correlograms in a Linnik white-light interferometer. Experimental results on measurements of thin film thickness are presented. It is shown that a depth resolution of better than 1 nm can be obtained by correlogram scanning in the range from 1 to 2 periods.     

Femtosecond kinetics of reflection of mirrors with saturable absorption

The kinetics of mirrors with saturable absorption is investigated by a pump-probe singlefrequency technique in reflection of femtosecond pulse radiation with the central wavelength of 1040 nm. The double modulation method with probe radiation detection at the summary frequency allows suppressing the scattered pump radiation contribution and reaching the reflection change sensitivity at a level of 10^?5. The kinetics of recovery of the linear reflectivity of the mirror including resonant quantum wells with nanostructured barriers is studied for the surface density of photons in pump pulses of (0.3–5.8) · 10¹⁴ cm^?2. The time of electron-hole recombination (7.8 ps) is found to be appreciably shorter than in samples with quantum wells separated by thick barriers; the time of ionization of excitons localized in quantum wells (0.2–0.4 ps) increases with the pump intensity.     

Polishing supersmooth metal mirrors

A method is proposed for producing a surface with <1.5-nm roughness by polishing, applying a metal coating, and polishing again.     

打破固定传统

多角度趋近的外圆磨床能克服传统固定头架磨床的局限，并提高了生产率。本文介绍了Kellenberger生产的这种万能磨床。     

可重组制造系统

可重组制造系统是一种能够快速响应新的生产环境的新型制造系统，在快速响应市场变化和个性化生产方面具有重要的意义。阐述了可重组制造系统的发展历史、概念、分类、重组特性及其特点，评述了目前可重组制造系统的研究现状，讨论了可重组制造系统的关键技术，并提出了可重组制造系统应用研究的发展方向。     

双旋光器结构的可重构三值光学处理器

针对三值光计算机进行逻辑运算时处理器的数据位与像素位在数量对应关系上的差别,提出了一种新的典型光路结构——双旋光器结构来提高光学处理器的重构速度,减少数据位数的管理难度.利用提出的结构实现了以行为单位的运算单元——行运算器,讨论了行运算器的重构特性、重构电路以及重构指令.在此基础上,设计并实现了可以降低处理器管理软件复杂度的双旋光三值光学处理器,并阐述了双旋光三值光学处理器的重构过程.最后,进行了行运算器重构指令的验证实验.验证结果表明:双旋光三值光学处理器原理正确,81个重构指令全部有效;在具有3个分区的双旋光三值光学处理器中,可并行实现任意千位量级的二元三值逻辑运算.     

基于运动限定机构的可重构并联机构设计

分析在特殊杆长条件下一种运动限定机构的运动特性。在不同的构型下,运动限定机构可以分别执行一个转动加一个平移运动、一个平移运动、一个转动运动。将运动限定机构与具有两个转动和两个移动运动的串联支链相结合,设计出一类具有可重构特性的混联支链。基于李群理论,得到了混联支链在不同构型下运动的群论表达式。利用三条同样的混联支链连接动平台和定平台,得到了一类新型可重构并联机构。当所有混联支链中的运动限定机构处于奇异位置时,可重构并联机构具有瞬时的6自由度。通过控制运动限定机构运行至不同的构型,可重构并联机构能切换至不同的自由度模式,可以执行四种不同特性的3自由度运动。     

Four-point bisensitivity velocity interferometer with a multireflection etalon

A four-point bisensitivity velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) with a renovative delay etalon is proposed and demonstrated. In this interferometer, we introduce a new film-coating strategy to accurately measure small velocity with relatively short and cheap etalon. Laser pointing to the etalon is split into two beams with different incident angles with each beam going through the etalon in different path. The beam with the smaller incident angle is reflected three times before it leaves the etalon, while the other beam with larger incident angle goes through the etalon to and forth only once. The delay time of the laser beam with smaller incident angle is almost three times longer than that of the beam with larger incident angle. In the example of the laser with a smaller incident angle, the velocity per fringe of this interferometer can be reduced by approximately three times. The etalon is optimized so that four laser beams can be penetrated in the vertical direction at the meantime. With an etalon of 200 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length, a four-point bisensitivity velocity interferometer can achieve the velocity per fringe of 100 and 350 m/s fringe. A measurement has been successfully undertaken for the steel flyer driven by the explosive where the developed interferometer applies.     

可变载频径向剪切雅敏干涉仪

基于雅敏干涉装置,提出一种新的可变载频(条纹频率可调)的径向剪切干涉仪。该干涉仪主体由两块雅敏干涉平板、两对可旋转双光楔、两个可变比例的扩束镜组成;双光楔用于调节条纹周期,以获取最佳干涉图;两扩束镜的扩束比例可变,以调节最佳剪切量。两块平板加工误差一致,同时所有光楔来源于同一楔板,参数一致,两扩束镜的性能参数也完全相同,光路对称,严格等光程。提出的干涉仪可一次性完成非球面模具的测量;并根据被测面形情况进行条纹周期和剪切量的调节,获得了最佳条纹图。最后,对球面/非球面模具表面进行了测试。结果显示:通过调节双光楔和扩束比,此干涉仪可获得较好的条纹图,为多种非球面模具的进一步高效检测提供了新的思路。     

Optimal arrangement of actuators for square mirrors with free edges

It has been shown that the problem of optimal actuator placement for adaptive square mirrors can be reduced to the analytical solution using elements of the theory of unbiased designs for the natural vibrations of a square plate with free edges. A stochastic model for the wavefront has been developed using regression analysis. Formulas are given for calculating the bias in working-out the desired optical surface geometry of an adaptive mirror.     

可重构机床设计

为实现机床整个生命周期的可重构性，给出了可重构机床设计的基本原理。根据并行工程理论，提出了一种基于工艺规划与机床配置并行完成的可重构机床设计方法，将机床整个生命周期的配置／重构设计过程分解为几个相互关联的子过程。针对各子过程的实现，以气缸体类零件加工为例，给出了相应的理论和方法，即设计可重构机床的几个关键使能技术。     

可重构的敏捷供应链管理系统

提出的敏捷供应链系统以供应链基本功能体为核心，建立了一套基于组件技术、代理技术和工作流技术的供应链敏捷化配置工具，可方便地对供应链中的商务流程进行编辑、重组，实现企业业务流程和功能的规范化和敏捷化，以可重用组件实现GUI前台重构，以多代理协同机制实现后台过程重组，较好地实现了供应链管理敏捷化的目标。     

快速重组制造系统

企业要获得和保持竞争力,必须配置新一代的可变制造系统－－快速重组制造系统。讨论了快速重组制造系统的科学原理、理论和方法,并介绍中国制造系统和制造单元重组的研究和实施的现况。