应用COMI炼钢工艺控制转炉脱磷基础研究

 基于转炉炼钢过程脱磷的热力学分析和计算,以控制转炉冶炼过程脱磷期温度为出发点,提出一种利用CO2气体代替部分O2进行吹炼的转炉炼钢新工艺,即COMI炼钢工艺。研究发现：COMI炼钢工艺能有效控制转炉熔池温度,降低半钢和一倒钢液磷含量,同时可有效减少炉渣铁损,为转炉高效脱磷提供了一种新思路。     

高冶炼强度下转炉炉体维护实践

转炉炉龄是钢铁企业炼钢工序的一项重要技术经济指标,在整个炼钢生产和降低冶炼成本过程中,均起着十分关键的作用。随着炼钢技术的不断进步,各钢厂转炉冶炼强度不断升高,天津市新天钢联合特钢有限公司炼钢厂于2020年初进行了转炉高冶炼强度生产实践,转炉冶炼周期最低达到25min以下,这对转炉炉体维护提出了更高的要求。本文通过对转炉炉衬侵蚀机理的研究,分析了在高强度冶炼条件下转炉炉衬侵蚀的主要影响因素,并有针对性地制定了转炉炉衬的强化维护措施。实践证明,强化维护措施实施后,2号转炉炉龄最高达到33980次,成效显著。     

转炉炼钢操作平台的开发与应用

为了一次性得到与目标钢种成分相近的合格钢水,消除二次冶炼（炉外精炼）带来的炼钢成本。本文基于转炉炼钢过程中物料平衡与热平衡计算原理、炼钢反应的热力学与动力学机理,搭建MySQL转炉炼钢数据库,应用Python+PyQT5+MySQL开发转炉炼钢工序智能化操作平台,合理布局炼钢原料输入界面与产物输出界面。该平台开发后与现有仿真模拟平台结合炼钢,吨钢成本下降14元。该操作平台同样可应用于冶金教学使用、冶金仿真模拟大赛、冶金技工操作训练、钢铁企业参考等。     

副枪测量与数据分析自动炼钢技术的应用

介绍了副枪测量自动炼钢应用过程中对转炉静态模型、动态模型、吹炼跟踪、熔剂计算、氧量计算等关键算法的优化和应用;阐述了数据分析自动炼钢的热力学计算原理,通过建立数学模型,可实时计算冶炼全程钢水、钢渣和温度变化从而控制冶炼过程。从原燃料消耗、冶炼、喷溅及应用方面对两种自动炼钢方式进行对比分析,发现数据分析自动炼钢的原燃料消耗及冶炼、喷溅量均较低。将数据计算和烟气检测分析设备结合起来可实现全程动态炼钢,同时降低成本、提高炼钢效率、实现终点双命中率,这种炼钢方式是自动炼钢发展的趋势。     

转炉热态熔渣脱磷及循环利用生产实践

为去除转炉渣中的磷,实现转炉渣在转炉内的循环利用,从而达到降低冶炼成本的目的,针对顶底复吹转炉炼钢生产,结合气化脱磷热力学理论分析,研究了不同因素对脱磷率的影响。结果表明,在炼钢温度下用碳质脱磷剂还原炉渣中P2O5是可行的,选择碳质还原剂更合理。转炉熔渣脱磷率与熔渣温度、还原剂加入量、渣中FeO质量分数存在明显关系,3个参数的取值分别为1 660～1 670 ℃、150～200 kg和20%时,熔渣的脱磷率可以达到30%以上。生产实践表明,转炉熔渣的炉内循环利用可以降低石灰消耗3.29 kg/t、钢铁料消耗2.94 kg/t、炼钢成本5.48元/t。     

转炉炼钢过程的动态模型控制

介绍了唐钢第一炼钢厂150t转炉炼钢过程控制动态模型的组成和功能。以转炉冶炼过程的物料平衡、热量平衡关系以及炼钢反应的理化原理为依据，该模型完成了转炉冶炼从备料到钢水处理各阶段的下料计算。     

转炉铬矿熔融还原法冶炼不锈钢母液过程的热力学

针对转炉铬矿熔融还原法冶炼不锈钢母液工艺,利用冶金热力学原理对该过程中涉及的几个重要问题进行了理论分析和计算,为在转炉中用铬矿实现钢的直接合金化的热力学可行性提供了理论依据.得到结论:①铬矿石在熔融还原转炉中是完全可以被还原的;②金属熔体中铬的活度随金属中铬质量分数的增加而增大,温度对金属铬活度的影响较小;③在1500...     

我国转炉炼钢的现状和发展

本文综述我国氧气转炉炼钢的现状和发展。介绍了氧气转炉钢产量增长、钢水质量改善和扩大品种、提高炉龄、开发氧气转炉复合吹炼、冶炼过程计算机控制,以及中磷铁水和半钢冶炼工艺技术的成就和技术进步。对氧气转炉炼钢存在的问题进行了探讨,并提出了发展氧气转炉炼钢的建议。     

转炉炼钢自动控制技术发展及展望

转炉炼钢工序通过设备机械化、控制程序化实现了生产过程的部分自动化操作。将生产工艺技术与机理分析、检测技术和信息技术等进行深度融合是提升钢铁行业整体创新能力和产品竞争力的有力手段,转炉冶炼过程自动控制技术的规范化、自动化、智能化和集成化是必然发展趋势。概述了转炉炼钢自动控制技术的国内外发展状况,对转炉自动控制系统、冶炼过程计算模型、冶炼终点碳温控制和预测模型及炉渣泡沫化预测模型的应用情况进行了梳理,着重总结了上述技术的应用现状和发展方向,并展望了转炉自动化炼钢发展途径及前景,为后续转炉炼钢自动化技术提升提供参考。     

210t转炉全自动智能炼钢系统的开发与应用

将炼钢过程的理论计算、专家经验和先进检测手段相结合,济钢开发了210t转炉全自动智能炼钢系统,系统主要包括L1级基础自动化系统,L2级静、动态模型系统,L3级生产计划调度管理系统等,实现了210t转炉备料、投料、冶炼的计算机全程自动控制,提高了系统碳和温度的双命中率(达到92%以上),降低了原材料消耗,缩短了冶炼时间,年创经济效益1000多万元。     

转炉炼钢静态控制优化模型

对某钢厂氧气顶吹转炉炼钢现场的生产数据进行了统计回归分析,得出了控制终点钢水碳含量与终点钢水温度的氧耗增量与废钢增量的多元回归方程。并对方程进行了优化处理,获 得了转炉炼钢静态控制的优化模型。     

Mathematical model for computer simulation and control of steelmaking

A dynamic model for computer simulation and control of steelmaking has been developed. It is essentially based on multicomponent mixed transport control theory with the incorporation of energy balance calculations. The model is applicable to both steelmaking in electric furnaces as well as in oxygen steelmaking converters. The adjustable parameters of the model for simulation of oxygen steelmaking are gas evolution rate (G_co). oxygen flux factor (F_o) and emulsification factor (EM). These simulation parameters, when combined with on-line measurement of off-gas composition and temperature, enable complete dynamic control of the process. The model developed is applied, as an example, to an industrially produced heat in a top blown oxygen steelmaking converter and the results of simulation are discussed.     

Hybrid Model of Molten Steel Temperature Prediction Based on Ladle Heat Status and Artificial Neural Network简

Aiming at the characteristics of the practical steelmaking process, a hybrid model based on ladle heat sta- tus and artificial neural network has been proposed to predict molten steel temperature. The hybrid model could over- come the difficulty of accurate prediction using a single mathematical model, and solve the problem of lacking the consideration of the influence of ladle heat status on the steel temperature in an intelligent model. By using the hybrid model method, forward and backward prediction models for molten steel temperature in steelmaking process are es- tablished and are used in a steelmaking plant. The forward model, starting from the end-point of BOF, predicts the temperature in argon-blowing station, starting temperature in LF, end temperature in LF and tundish temperature forwards, with the production process evolving. The backward model, starting from the required tundish tempera- ture, calculates target end temperature in LF, target starting temperature in LF, target temperature in argon-blo- wiag station and target BOF end-point temperature backwards. Actual application results show that the models have better prediction accuracy and are satisfying for the process of practical production.     

A Novel Process Control Model for Extracting Vanadium Semi‐Steel in Basic Oxygen Furnace Based on Steelmaking Mechanism

A novel process control model for basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is proposed based on metallurgy mechanism, with lower contents of carbon, manganese, silicon, and lower temperature in semi‐steel after extracting vanadium. According to mass balance and heat balance, a static control model is built up, with slagging model, temperature model, and oxygen supply model. When actual amount of oxygen supply reaches 85% of theoretical value calculated by static model, quasi‐dynamic control model is activated to predict carbon and temperature in later period of steelmaking. A steelmaking process control system for semi‐steel smelting on 120 tonne BOF is developed in a steelmaking plant in China. Based on test of three steel grades, this model acts a guide for BOF steelmaking with semi‐steel, not only providing tactic, but also pointing out a feasible method for BOF process control without sub‐lance or off‐gas analyzer.     

炼钢厂的运行控制

在总结以往炼钢系统物流管制研究的基础上，提出炼钢厂运行优化的理论框架与控制方法。具体包括九个部分，炼钢系统的运行原则与控制策略，炼钢系统过程时间参数、温度参数的解析与优化，炼钢厂生产能力的确定，炼钢-连铸生产模式的优化，温度制度的优化，生产过程组织与控制，钢包转运的解析与优化，中间包转运的解析与优化，炼钢厂计算机辅助生产调度系统等。     

基于光谱信息与温度的转炉炼钢终点预测模型

转炉炼钢终点就是在出钢时通过控制使钢水的成分和温度达到一定要求。原子发射光谱法显示的元素特征光谱波长下的光谱信息的变化,能反应成分含量的变化趋势。文章介绍了基于温度和光谱信息的终点预测模型的系统,通过此系统获取转炉炼钢过程中的温度和Mn、Si光谱信息,利用多元回归分析的方法建立终点预测模型,并对模型进行显著性检验和精度分析。研究表明,此模型的终点命中率在80%左右,能比较准确预测转炉炼钢的终点。如果在预测模型中加入更多的元素光谱信息,将能进一步提高终点命中率。     

钢水熔炼和精炼系统理论与实践的进展

综述１９５２年ＬＤ投入工业生产以来炼钢技术的进步，在热力学原理的基础上回顾了铁水预处理，碱性氧气转炉炼钢的成果，及其与炉外精炼组合形成的协同作用，作为组合工艺应用，概要论述了锰和熔融还原，并对未来炼钢技术的发展提出了七个主要方面。     

铁水温降理论计算研究

以某工程100t铁水包为对象,建立铁水包传热模型;并从传热学角度出发,对运输和等待过程中铁水温降进行计算,为工艺流程优化和炼钢工艺提供理论依据。     

复吹转炉炼钢过程机理模型

在分析复吹转炉冶炼过程机理的基础上，应用冶金热力学、动力学、传输原理和反应工程学理论，建立了描述冶炼过程的动力学模型，确定了模型的有关参数。模型的关键在于正确找出转炉冶炼过程中各氧化反应的限制环节，建立氧化反应速度与限制环节速度的联系，从而得到转炉中各氧化反应的速度方程。     

Two-dimensional dynamic simulation of the thermal state of ladles

A two-dimensional mathematical model of steelmaking ladles is presented. The model can be used as a design tool, by which a number of variables such as holding time, material choice, and refractory layer thicknesses can be studied with regard to their influence on the steel temperature evolution during casting. In addition, the model can act as a decision support and as a basis for automation of temperature control. Temperature measurements from an operational steelmaking ladle are compared to simulation results obtained with the model, demonstrating its feasibility and applicability to steelmaking.