低碳含铌钢粗大奥氏体的静态再结晶

利用Gleeble1500热模拟机研究了Nb质量分数0.089%的高温热机械轧制钢(4^# Nb钢)在粗大奥氏体晶粒条件下的静态再结晶规律.作为对比,同时研究了一种铌质量分数0.049%的低碳含铌钢(2^# Nb钢)的静态再结晶规律.实验结果表明:4^# Nb钢的静态再结晶动力学过程比2^# Nb钢慢,在高温时差异较小;随着形变温度的降低,4^# Nb钢的静态再结晶动力学被极大地延迟.根据实验数据建立了静态再结晶模型,该模型对轧制工艺的制定有一定的指导意义.     

Ti和Nb对超低碳氮Cr18不锈钢回复再结晶的影响

超低碳氮Cr18铁素体不锈钢,由于碳、氮元素含量较低,其耐腐蚀性、塑性均有所改善,可进行深加工、焊接等,其冷轧板可作为汽车排气系统、电梯面板等的原材料。研究了添加不同含量Ti、Nb对超低碳氮Cr18铁素体不锈钢热轧板和冷轧板的回复再结晶及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,含0.29%Nb的热轧板和冷轧板的回复再结晶被显著延迟,而且再结晶晶粒明显细化。     

X120管线钢形变奥氏体的静态再结晶行为

通过在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上进行的两道次热压缩变形试验,对含铌微合金管线钢的静态软化行为进行了研究。采用应力补偿法计算了不同变形温度下的静态再结晶百分数。变形温度和弛豫时间对X120钢的静态再结晶影响很大。根据试验数据和静态再结晶动力学方程,计算出X120管线钢静态再结晶激活能为401.56kJ.mol-1。绘制了试验钢的析出动力学(PTT)曲线。     

热连轧生产厚规格X80管线钢的静态再结晶行为及工艺优化

通过双道次压缩实验对首钢迁安公司2160热连轧生产的厚规格X80管线钢形变奥氏体静态再结晶行为进行了研究,依据实验规律对生产工艺进行了改进与优化.通过力学拉伸、冲击及落锤实验,对改进工艺后生产的X80钢的综合性能进行了检测,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对X80钢卷显微组织进行了观察分析.结果表明:变形温度是影响奥氏体静态再结晶行为的主要因素;微合金碳氮化物的析出抑制了再结晶的进行,使软化率曲线出现了平台;利用实验结果回归计算出了X80管线钢的静态再结晶激活能为380kJ·mol^-1,并根据文献研究讨论了结果的合理性.通过工艺改进与优化,所生产X80钢卷的显微组织细小均匀,呈现典型的针状铁素体特征;析出相中主要包含复合的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)以及单个的NbC;X80钢卷棒状试样的拉伸性能较相关标准均有较大富余量,尤其在冲击、落锤性能方面表现出了良好的低温韧性.     

X70管线钢热变形奥氏体的静态再结晶行为

通过双道次压缩实验,在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上研究了X70管线钢在不同变形工艺下奥氏体的软化行为,分析了不同变形温度、间隔时间、应变速率、变形量及初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸等参数对静态再结晶行为的影响规律,采用应力补偿法计算了不同变形条件下的静态再结晶百分率.根据实验数据,计算出X70管线钢静态再结晶激活能为435.3kJ·mol^-1,建立了其静态再结晶动力学模型.     

低碳锰钢中铌钛复合加入对沉淀及再结晶的影响

本文采用Gleeble热模拟机,透射电镜和能谱分析等手段研究了复合加入Nb,Ti的低碳锰钢中碳氮化物沉淀和奥氏体再结晶情况。对四种不同成分的钢在925～1075℃之间,以40％应变和10~(-4)～10~(-1)s~(-1)不同应变速率进行等温压缩试验,还分别在不同温度下以相同的应变速率和不同形变量压缩变形后经不同保温时间后水淬,测定钢中碳氮化物应变诱导析出的动力学数据。观察了经热变形试样中沉淀相的形状、尺寸、分布,成分变化及显微组织亚结构等。 研究结果表明:Nb,Ti复合加入,降低了碳氮的活度,增大了微合金元素的固溶度,使沉淀温度降低,析出范围变宽。增加Nb含量,使开始沉淀的时间推迟。奥氏体高温区沉淀的较大质点是以Ti为主的铌钛碳氮化物,较低温度沉淀的细小质点则以含Nb为主。 复合加入Nb,Ti,提高了奥氏体再结晶激活能,从而有效地抑制了再结晶的发生,其阻滞作用比单独加入时大。这种效应是由溶质原子的拖曳机制和其碳氮化物沉淀机制共同完成,但在高温奥氏体区,固溶阻滞机制起主要作用。     

403Nb叶片钢高温热压缩静态再结晶研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对403Nb马氏体叶片钢进行二道次高温热压缩试验,对不同温度、应变速率、道次间隔下发生的静态再结晶进行了研究和计算,得到403Nb静态再结晶、静态再结晶激活能和静态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型。     

23Co13Ni11Cr3Mo钢的奥氏体静态再结晶行为

利用GleebIe-1500热模拟实验机研究23Co13Ni11Cr3Mo超高强钢高温变形道次间隔时间内的静态软化行为,讨论变形温度、应变速率、变形程度、间隔时间及初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸等对其静态再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:变形程度对23Co13Ni11Cr3Mo钢的静态再结晶影响最大,增大变形量可获得均匀细小的晶粒组织;变形温度和间隔时间次之;应变速率及初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响较小。根据实验结果,建立23Co13Ni11Cr3Mo钢静态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型,定量分析起落架在锤锻压机上整体模锻成形过程的组织演化,发现在变形不充分的条件下静态再结晶是导致起落架锻件晶粒不合格的原因。模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

铌对X80管线钢显微组织的影响

利用金相和透射电镜等分析手段对不同Nb含量的高强度X80管线钢的显微组织进行了分析,并利用萃取复型方法重点研究了两种钢中二次相粒子的析出行为。研究结果表明,低铌管线钢的显微组织主要由粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体及少量M-A岛组成,而高铌管线钢中的主要组织为针状铁素体和M-A组元。析出相萃取复型分析结果表明,低铌管线钢中主要析出相为方形TiN粒子,而高铌钢中的析出相粒子主要由大尺寸的(Nb,Ti)C复合型粒子及大量弥散分布的小尺寸NbC组成。     

Dynamic and Static Recrystallization Behavior of Low Carbon High Niobium Microalloyed Steel

 The recrystallization behavior of a low carbon high Nb microalloyed steel was investigated using Continuous and interrupted hot compression tests. The results showed that the onset of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) could be detected from inflection in the plot of the strain hardening rate θ against stress σ regardless of whether the stress peak appears or not. According to Zener-Hollomon parameter the activity energy of DRX (Qdef) was obtained, and a new modified expression calculating Qdef was proposed in consideration of the chemical composition of experimental steel. Applying the 2% offset method the static softening fraction was determined. The graphic representation of the softening fraction vs. interrupt time gave the information of the non-static recrystallization temperature (about 1000℃)and the relationship of precipitation-time-temperature. Static recrystallization kinetics follow Avrami’s law in high deformation temperature, and different values of the exponent n were given to illustrate the different effects of Nb element on static recrystallization at different deformation temperature.     

低碳钢Q235形变奥氏体的静态再结晶

在Thermecmastor-Z热模拟试验机上进行了低碳钢Q235的双道次压缩试验,确定了该钢静态再结晶的动力学方程.结果表明,在大变形量下,即使变形温度较低(850～800℃),应变速率较高时,静态再结晶的速度仍然很快.通过静态再结晶可以将奥氏体晶粒尺寸细化至10～20μm.     

Q235低碳钢静态再结晶模型的建立

在物理冶金基本模型的基础上,通过对实验数据进行回归建立了Q235低碳钢的静态再结晶及晶粒长大模型,模型计算和实验所测结果相吻合.压缩实验为双道次压缩,实验条件为:变形速率0.5~2.0s^-1,变形温度950~1100℃,变形量为0.15~0.25(真应变),初始晶粒尺寸为56~85μm.     

低碳钢热变形奥氏体的再结晶行为

对热变形奥氏体的再结晶动力学和微观组织演变进行了模拟计算,对晶粒尺寸的模拟值和实测值作了比较,分析了化学成分对动态再结晶率的影响以及残余应变与变形温度的关系.结果表明:在温度较高、应变速率较低的条件下容易发生动态再结晶,随着变形温度的降低,发生动态再结晶的几率减小,而静态再结晶在前几道次进行得比较充分,随后进行得不充分,增加碳和锰的含量可以促进动态再结晶的发生,残余应变随变形温度的降低而增大,晶粒尺寸的模拟值和实测值吻合较好,表明所选用的模型有一定的参考价值.     

X80管线钢热轧过程再结晶规律研究

采用阶梯试样轧制,通过金相观察的方法,研究了热轧过程中变形量和变形温度对X80管线钢再结晶规律及混晶的影响,绘制了再结晶区域图及混晶区域图。结果表明,随着变形温度的提高,奥氏体再结晶的临界变形量降低。变形温度在1150℃,变形量达到40％时,再结晶已达到90％以上。为避免混晶的产生,轧制过程尽量避开部分再结晶区。     

Recrystallization Behavior of Deformed Austenite in High Strength Microalloyed Pipeline Steel

 Using methods of single hit hot compression and stress relaxation after deformation on a Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator, the curves of flow stress and stress relaxation, the microstructure and the recrystallization behavior of Nb V Ti high strength microalloyed low carbon pipeline steel were studied, and the influence of the thermomechanical treatment parameters on dynamic and static recrystallization of the steel was investigated. It was found that microalloying elements improved the deformation activation energy and produced a retardation of the recrystallization due to the solid solution and precipitation pinning. The deformation conditions such as deformation temperature, strain, and strain rate influenced the recrystallization kinetics and the microstructure respectively. Equations obtained can be used to valuate and predict the dynamic and static recrystallizations.     

Recrystallization Behavior of Deformed Austenite in High Strength Microailoyed Pipeline Steel

Using methods of single-hit hot compression and stress relaxation after deformation on a Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator, the curves of flow stress and stress relaxation, the microstructure and the recrystallization behavior of Nb-V-Ti high strength microalloyed low carbon pipeline steel were studied, and the influence of the thermomechanical treatment parameters on dynamic and static recrystallization of the steel was investigated. It was found that microalloying elements improved the deformation activation energy and produced a retardation of the recrystallization due to the solid solution and precipitation pinning. The deformation conditions such as deformation temperature, strain, and strain rate influenced the recrystallization kinetics and the microstructure respectively. Equations obtained can be used to valuate and predict the dynamic and static recrystallizations.     

Static Recrystallization Behavior of 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel

The static recrystallization of 316LN austenitic stainless steel was studied by double-pass hot compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator. The specimens were compressed at the deformation temperatures of 950, 1050, 1150 °C, strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1s^?1, strains of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and intervals of 1 — 100 s. The results show that the volume fraction of static recrystallization of 316LN increases with the increase of deformation temperature, strain rate, strain and interval, which indicates that static recrystallization occurs easily under the conditions of higher deformation temperature, higher strain rate and larger strain. Deformation temperature has significant influence on static recrystallization of 316LN. The volume fraction of static recrystallization could easily reach 100% at higher deformation temperatures. By microstructure analysis, it can be concluded that the larger the volume fraction of static recrystallization, the more obvious the grain refinement. The static recrystallization activation energy of 317 882 J/mol and the exponent n of 0.46 were obtained. The static recrystallization kinetics was established. The predicted volume fraction of static recrystallization is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

一种钒氮微合金钢的静态再结晶行为

 通过双道次压缩试验,研究一种钒氮微合金钢道次间隔时间内在奥氏体区变形后的软化行为,采用应力补偿法计算静态再结晶的体积分数,并建立静态再结晶动力学模型。分析变形温度与间隔时间以及钒的析出物对静态软化行为的影响。结果表明,在高于900℃时进行第一道次变形,该钒氮微合金钢很快完成了静态再结晶;在850、800℃变形后的等温阶段,发生了形变诱导析出现象,使再结晶激活能增加,静态再结晶进程受到抑制,导致软化率曲线上出现了平台。