工作参数对斯特林制冷机性能影响分析

在调试阶段影响斯特林制冷机性能的工作参数主要有:充气压力、工作频率和环境温度.其中充气压力和工作频率是最容易更改的参数,通过分析得到:充气压力影响着斯特林制冷机振子系统的自然频率,而工作频率则影响斯特林制冷机压机活塞和排除器的相位差.利用简化模型分析了环境温度对斯特林制冷机性能的影响.实验验证了充气压力、工作频率和环境温度对制冷机性能的影响,实验结果能较好的满足分析部分.     

6 W大冷量斯特林制冷机的实验研究

基于实验分析了大冷量分置式斯特林制冷机的动力特性和热力特性,详细讨论了对制冷机性能有重要影响的参数如固有频率、工作频率、相位角、充气压力、排出器位移等.样机采用牛津型斯特林制冷机结构,在93 W输入功率下初步获得6 W/90 K的性能.     

冷头温度对新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行性能影响的研究

介绍了气动分置式斯特林制冷机性能实验样机的组成、主要结构参数和试验结果,并对试验结果进行了分析,在新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行中,冷头起着进行负反馈调节的桥梁作用。     

冷头温度对新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行性能影响的研究

介绍了气动分置式斯特林制冷机性能实验样机的组成、主要结构参数和试验结果，并对试验结果进行了分析，在新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行中，冷头起着进行负反馈调节的桥梁作用。     

基于REGEN的100 mm长回热器脉管制冷机优化设计与实验研究

根据已有研究,回热器长度100 mm的脉管制冷机在温度低于60 K时的性能较好。将一台已有的65 mm长回热器单级同轴型脉管制冷机改造为100 mm长回热器单机同轴型脉管制冷机,分析回热器长度对脉管制冷机性能的影响。基于REGEN软件对脉管制冷机回热器进行优化设计,通过改变回热器填料、压比、冷端相位角和充气压力,研究其对回热器性能的影响。在实验中进一步探索研究输入功、频率等对制冷机的最低制冷温度和比卡诺效率的影响。实验结果表明,在充气压力2 MPa,运行频率51 Hz,输入功809 W,制冷量60 W时,冷头温度109 K,制冷机的相对卡诺效率达到12.9%。     

冷却水温对大冷量斯特林制冷机性能的影响

对一台大冷量整体式斯特林制冷机开展了冷却水温影响的研究。充气压力1.85 MPa时,冷却水进水温度每升高5℃,77 K制冷量实验值减小约40 W,COP实验值降低约0.4%。77 K制冷温度下,压缩腔工质平均压力、制冷机输入功和水冷器换热量随冷却水温升高而增大。提高充气压力,发现冷却水温度变化对制冷性能的影响几乎不变。     

80K/2W斯特林制冷机全性能实验研究

80 K/2 W斯特林制冷机是上海技术物理研究所自行研制的分置式牛津型制冷机.为验证斯特林制冷机在各种工况下的广泛适应性,针对80 K/2 W制冷机进行实验,测试制冷机在不同压缩机行程、制冷温度以及环境温度下的全性能特性,总结斯特林制冷机部分实用的规律.     

工质和回热器参数对斯特林制冷机性能影响的研究

针对斯特林制冷机在环保、节能、结构紧凑等方面的优点,建立了一种应用于制冷温区(即:家用和商用冰箱领域,温度在173K～283K的范围)的整体式斯特林制冷机.并对其进行了不同工质(分别采用的氮气和氦气)和四种不同的回热器结构参数(文中表2)对整机性能影响的研究.研究结果表明:整体式斯特林循环制冷机应用于制冷温区时,各种结构间存在着最优匹配.四种回热器结构中结构3的系统整机性能最优.在最优匹配的结构中,不同工质氮气和氦气的最佳充气压力和制冷性能有所不同,在结构3中以氮气和氦气为工质的最佳充气压力分别为IMPa和1.3MPa,而制冷量和COP与转速的最优关系区域分别是:氮气为500～700r/min,氦气为800～1000r/min.     

推移活塞脉管制冷机的性能测试

采用了实验研究的方法,在宽广的温度范围内测试了推移活塞脉管制冷机在不同运行频率和不同充气压力下的工作性能。实验结果表明,在最佳运行频率附近,频率的变化对制冷机制冷效率的影响并不显著,最佳频率在实验范围内基本不随制冷温度而改变。在同一个工作频率下,存在一个最佳的充气压力使得制冷机的工作性能最佳。实验结果也表明了压缩机的功率因数并不显著影响制冷机工作性能。     

G-M制冷机填料型冷头换热器的实验研究

冷头换热器的不完全换热损失是 Ｇ Ｍ 制冷机的主要冷量损失之一。制冷机的蓄冷器性能愈好， 就要求冷头换热器的换热效率愈高。为了获得较高换热效率的冷头换热器， 本文根据外置式 Ｇ Ｍ 制冷机的特点， 采用烧结工艺， 设计和加工了一种填料型冷头换热器。测试了该换热器阻力性能， 流动阻力比相应的间隙换热器小。初步的实验结果表明， 采用该换热器的单级 Ｇ Ｍ 制冷机无负荷温度达到１５ Ｋ， 在２０ Ｋ可提供４４ Ｗ 的冷量。     

A study on the linear compressor characteristics of the Stirling cryocooler

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the linear compressor for Stirling cryocooler. To ensure high performance and long life of the free piston, free displacer Stirling cryocooler, the operating parameters of the linear compressor should be optimized. The experimental results show the operating frequency of the linear compressor has significant effect to the input power characteristics, and the compressor with higher charging pressure of working fluid has high pressure ratio. For the high performance of the linear compressor, compressor has uniform magnetic force with different stroke, and the optimal operating frequency with respect to the charging pressure.     

Study on the phase shift characteristic of the pneumatic Stirling cryocooler

Due to entire pneumatic connection between free piston and free displacer, the motion parameters of them including amplitude and phase shift can actually impact the cooling capacity and overall performance of cryocooler obviously. In this study, the procedure of design and manufacture pneumatic free piston and free displacer (FPFD) Stirling cryocooler had firstly been described in details. Then in order to accomplish study, the experimental bench has been set up based on 80 K@1 W Stirling cryocooler. The effect of the thermodynamic and pneumatic parameters including charging pressure, natural frequency of displacer, damping coefficient of displacer, working frequency on the pressure, displacement and displacer phase shift has been investigated, respectively by means of experimental and theoretical method. In particular, the variation of damping is realized by adjusting the width of clearance cut on the additional damping component, which is screwed on the displacer rod. Similarly, natural frequency of displacer is changed by the extra mass connected on the displacer. Due to the results of experimental study, the optimum working conditions of this Stirling cryocooler for 80 K cold tip temperature are as follows: charge pressure 15 bar, natural frequency of displacer 46 Hz, width of clearance 300 μm and working frequency 43 Hz. In agreement with the optimum working conditions, neighborhood interval of 90° is the ideal working domain for displacement phase shift. Meanwhile, the displacer phase shift should approach to 0°as near as possible and pressure phase shift should also be as small as possible, which have linear relation with non-dimensional damping characteristic of compressor. In view of theoretical study, the expressions of three phase shifts deduced from thermodynamic equation of piston and displacer respectively are expressed as the functions of working parameters, which are verified by the experimental data and consequently can be used as the powerful guidance to optimum seeking.     

A three-stage Stirling pulse tube cryocooler operating below the critical point of helium-4

Precooled phase shifters can significantly enhance the phase shift effect and further improve the performance of pulse tube cryocoolers. A separate three-stage Stirling pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC) with a cold inertance tube was designed and fabricated. Helium-4 instead of the rare helium-3 was used as the working fluid. The cryocooler reached a bottom temperature of 4.97 K with a net cooling power of 25 mW at 6.0 K. The operating frequency was 29.9 Hz and the charging pressure was 0.91 MPa. It is the first time a refrigeration temperature below the critical point of helium-4 was obtained in a three-stage Stirling pulse tube cryocooler.     

Parameter effect analysis for a Stirling cryocooler

In this paper, an isothermal model is used for modeling the Stirling cryocooler. Various losses including regenerator imperfection thermal loss, piston finite speed loss, gas spring hysteresis loss, displacer shuttle heat loss, clearance heat pump loss, heat conduction loss, and flow viscosity loss are taken into consideration at the same time step, as they could interact with each other. Energy and exergy balance analysis of the cryocooler shows that the mechanical friction loss is the biggest mechanical loss; conduction loss is the biggest heat loss. Effects of parameters consisting of cold end temperature, hot end temperature, average pressure, rotation speed, displacer clearance size, phase shift between piston and displacer, and ratio between diameter and stroke of piston on the cryocooler's performance are investigated. It shows that, there is optimum displacer clearance size, optimum phase shift between piston and displacer, and optimum ratio between diameter and stroke of piston for the studied cryocooler. The isothermal model was verified by the PPC-102 Stirling cryocooler.     

液氦温区VM-PT制冷机气量分配特性研究

VM气耦合脉冲管制冷机(VM-PT)是一种新型的液氦温区制冷机,为探索两级气耦合复杂的机理,本文采用Sage软件构建了低温调相VM-PT制冷机的整机模拟程序,研究了运行频率、平均压力、毛细管长度以及Er3Ni填充长度等参数对两级气量分配的影响。数值结果表明运行频率、平均圧力、毛细管长度以及Er3Ni填充长度均会影响两级质量流的分配,进而影响制冷机的最低温度,权衡工质的做工能力以及蓄冷器损失两方面因素,该四个参数均存在一个最佳值。搭建了实验平台并对数值模拟进行了验证。在实验中通过优化毛细管和蓄冷器,在运行频率1.6 Hz、平均压力1.4 MPa、压比1.6的情况下得到了3.86 K的无负荷制冷温度,在4.2 K可提供约10 mW的制冷量。     

斯特林型脉冲管制冷机的最新进展

介绍了斯特林型脉冲管制冷机在理论分析和实用化方面的进展。与斯特林制冷机相比 ,由于低温端没有运动部件 ,脉冲管制冷机在寿命、可靠性和振动等方面有明显的优势 ,同时直流现象的发现和对它的抑制 ,以及双向进气、长颈管等调相机构的应用 ,使得斯特林型脉冲管制冷机的效率也可以达到或超过斯特林制冷机 ,从而使斯特林型脉冲管制冷机在空间、红外器件和超导器件冷却等方面有广泛的应用     

Versatile experimental low power 4 K cryocooler

The construction of a low power cryocooler consisting of a five-stage plastic Stirling cooler with an additional Joule-Thomson stage is described. Among its novel features are a contamination-free, pneumatic helium compressor and displacer drive. Valve timing is under computer control. Titanium foil embedded in the cylinder wall reduces helium diffusion through the plastic. The Joule-Thomson stage uses the same low pressure helium as the Stirling stages. The Stirling system cools down below 9 K. The Joule-Thomson stage delivers a few mW cooling at 4.2 K.     

CFD analysis of a diaphragm free-piston Stirling cryocooler

This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of a novel free-piston Stirling cryocooler that uses a pair of metal diaphragms to seal and suspend the displacer. The diaphragms allow the displacer to move without rubbing or moving seals. When coupled to a metal diaphragm pressure wave generator, the system produces a complete Stirling cryocooler with no rubbing parts in the working gas space. Initial modelling of this concept using the Sage modelling tool indicated the potential for a useful cryocooler. A proof-of-concept prototype was constructed and achieved cryogenic temperatures. A second prototype was designed and constructed using the experience gained from the first. The prototype produced 29 W of cooling at 77 K and reached a no-load temperature of 56 K. The diaphragm’s large diameter and short stroke produces a significant radial component to the oscillating flow fields inside the cryocooler which were not modelled in the one-dimensional analysis tool Sage that was used to design the prototypes. Compared with standard pistons, the diaphragm geometry increases the gas-to-wall heat transfer due to the higher velocities and smaller hydraulic diameters. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the cryocooler was constructed to understand the underlying fluid-dynamics and heat transfer mechanisms with the aim of further improving performance. The CFD modelling of the heat transfer in the radial flow fields created by the diaphragms shows the possibility of utilizing the flat geometry for heat transfer, reducing the need for, and the size of, expensive heat exchangers. This paper presents details of a CFD analysis used to model the flow and gas-to-wall heat transfer inside the second prototype cryocooler, including experimental validation of the CFD to produce a robust analysis.     

Operating characteristics of a single-stage Stirling cryocooler capable of providing 700 W cooling power at 77 K

High cooling capacity Stirling cryocooler generally has hundreds to thousands watts of cooling power at liquid nitrogen temperature. It is promising in boil-off gas (BOG) recondensation and high temperature superconducting (HTS) applications. A high cooling capacity Stirling cryocooler driven by a crank-rod mechanism was developed and studied systematically. The pressure and frequency characteristics of the cryocooler, the heat rejection from the ambient heat exchanger, and the cooling performance are studied under different charging pressure. Energy conversion and distribution in the cryocooler are analyzed theoretically. With an electric input power of 10.9 kW and a rotating speed of 1450 r/min of the motor, a cooling power of 700 W at 77 K and a relative Carnot efficiency of 18.2% of the cryocooler have been achieved in the present study, and the corresponding pressure ratio in the compression space reaches 2.46.