测定水中微量铀的高灵敏显色体系的研究

本文介绍了一种用于测定水中微量铀的高灵敏显色体系。水样中加入菸酸、乙基紫和硫酸后,用混合溶剂环己烷+甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)(1:1)萃取,分光光度法测定。该方法的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.62×10~(-6)L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),回收率为97.8—106.0％,探测下限为2×10~(-9)g/mL,避免了使用有害的溶剂苯;Ca~(2+)、W~(6+)、Cu~(2+)和Hg~(2+)等离子对铀的测定干扰较严重。     

超高灵敏光度法测定UO_2~(2+)-硫氰酸盐-乙基紫-聚乙烯醇体系中铀的研究

本文提出一个新的铀超高灵敏显色体系。在聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在下,铀酰离子与乙基紫和硫氰酸盐形成离子络合物,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε为5.8×10~61·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),最大吸收波长为550nm.服从比耳定律范围是0-2.5μg/25ml,7次测定的相对标准偏差为4.6％.还研究了近40种共存离子的影响及消除。本方法巳用于某些岩石矿物中铀的测定,简单、快速.     

UO_2~(2+)-吡咤-3-甲酸-乙基紫离子缔合物高灵敏显色反应的研究

本文用萃取光度法研究了UO_2~(2+)-吡啶-3-甲酸-乙基紫离子缔合体系的显色反应,提出了用苯:MIBK(3:1)作为萃取剂的一个高灵敏度的显色休系,探讨了萃取比色的最佳条件,并进行了合成试样中铀的测定。     

铀(Ⅲ)离子的吸收光谱及其稳定性研究

本文采用汞阴极电解还原法制备了铀(Ⅲ)溶液,研究了在盐酸介质中各种氨羧络合剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)、二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、1,2-环已烷二胺四乙酸(CyDTA)、三乙基四胺六乙酸(TTHA)和水溶性有机溶剂甲醇、乙醇和丙酮的存在对铀(Ⅲ)稳定性影响,测定了在不同盐酸浓度中铀(Ⅲ)和铀(Ⅳ)的吸收光谱。实验表明,在0.5-4.5mol/l盐酸浓度范围内铀(Ⅲ)的摩尔吸光系数为167cm~(-1)·mol~(-1)·l(波长521nm处),铀(Ⅳ)的存在并不干扰铀(Ⅲ)的测定。在铀(Ⅲ)浓度为0-6.0×10~(-3)mol/l之间,用于分光光度分析的标准曲线呈良好线性关系。     

用孔雀绿萃取分光光度法测定铀

本文提出了一个用氯苯萃取铀-苯甲酸盐-孔雀绿络合物测定铀的灵敏的分光光度法。其最大吸光度在635毫微米处,克分子吸光系数为8.3×10~4升·克分子~(-1)厘米~(-1)。从欠酸的硝酸铝溶液中,用甲基异丁基酮萃取铀,使之与干扰离子分离。分取萃取液,用氯苯稀释,并与含有孔雀绿(MG)的苯甲酸盐缓冲溶液一起震荡。本法已应用于合成浸出液中铀的测定,萃合物的组成可能是[UO_2(C_6H_5COO)_3~-][MG~+]。     

激光-液体荧光法直接测定锆-铌合金中微量铀

建立了一个不经分离基体直接测定锆-铌合金中微量铀的激光-液体荧光法。在掩蔽剂柠檬酸钠存在下,以焦磷酸钠作为铀的荧光增强剂,用氮分子激光激发铀络合物的荧光,检测限可达2×10~(-3)ppm,当铀含量为0.010 ppm时,测定精度±4%。     

矿石中微量铀的比色测定

本方法是利用锌粒将铀(VI)还原为铀(IV),在强酸性溶液中与偶氮胂Ⅲ生成绿色络合物,借此比色测定矿石中的微量铀。对有关比色条件进行了验证。选择了适宜的酸度和颜色稳定条件。试验了数十种离子对铀(IV)偶氮胂Ⅲ颜色的影响,并研究了用锌粒还原铀(VI)过程中它们的行为和其后对颜色的影响。提出了消除某些离子干扰测定的方法。应用本方法进行矿石中微量铀的测定,结果令人满意。和伏尔科夫法比较,有显著的优点。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定高放废液中的铀

用双同位素稀释质谱法测定高放废液中的微量铀,采用TBP/Kel-F粉反相分配色层法分离铀,双稀释剂分别为浓缩~(235)U及~(238)U,铀同位素丰度比的质谱测定相对标准误差优于0.1%,化学处理及质谱测定全流程铀的空白值为3×10~(-9)g,方法检测限对于铀为1×10~(-9)g,高放废液中微量铀测定结果不确定度为±2%。     

铀化合物中微量钽的萃取色层分离—ICP／AES测定

以CL-TBP萃取色层分离-水平式ICP/AES测定铀化合物中微量Ta。方法是先将铀化合物转化成硝酸铀酰,再以含0.2mol·l ?HF的3mol·l~(-1)HNO_3溶液溶解微量Ta,然后进行分离和测定。取样0.3g,测定下限为0.5×10~(-6);当Ta含量为1.7×10~(-6)-5.0×10~(-6)时,方法的加入回收率在88%106%范围内;相对标准偏差≤10%。     

用丹宁酸浓集测定微量铀

本文提出了一种用丹宁酸预浓集,然后用熔珠萤光法测定微量铀的方法。定量浓集和测定的浓度下限为4×10~(-7)克铀/升。对于铀浓度为8×10~(-8)克铀/升的试样,浓集率为77％。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.