Adaptive power control for satellite to ground laser communication

We develop an adaptive power control algorithm to facilitate satellite to ground laser communication through turbulence fading channels. Adaptive control is a powerful tool that improves energetic gain of the satellite laser. We use discrete laser transmitter intensity levels in our control algorithm. A novel recursive technique defines optimal laser transmitting intensity levels so that the laser‐transmitted power is adapted according to instant changes of the signal‐to‐noise ratio caused by channel fading. The algorithm's performance is first investigated in a general form suitable for any channel fading statistics. Then it is specified for a typical lognormal fading channel. The results indicate an improvement of up to 10dB in energetic gain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ka频段卫星通信地空链路的大气衰减

在卫星通信系统的设计中,设计人员往往更关心降雨对电波传播造成的降雨衰减,而易忽略在一般情况下晴空大气对卫星通信地空链路微波传播的影响。但是当系统的链路余度较小、天线仰角较低的情况下,应考虑晴空大气造成的衰减。论述了 Ka 频段卫星通信链路大气衰减的计算方法,给出了计算结果,可供从事类似工作的相关人员参考。     

中国Ka波段卫星通信线路的雨衰分布特性

利用ITU-R给出的降雨衰减预测模型,根据我国主要城市的分钟降雨率数据,计算出我国Ka波段(30/20GHz),轨道位置为92°E的卫星通信系统在线极化波情况下的降雨衰减等值线分布,此结果可作为Ka波段卫星通信系统设计的理论依据。     

卫星远程教育与校园视频服务的实施

介绍了基于卫星远程教育中多媒体信息的接收和传输播放,然而大数据量多媒体教学信息,按照传统的下载播放模式遇到了网络带宽等因素的制约.采用流媒体技术并在校园网构建视音频服务,能克服视频、音频等多媒体文件传输播放中的问题和缺点,取得了良好效果.     

Online rate control for video streams

A mechanism for varying the frame rate of pre-encoded video clips online is described. The mechanism relies on two different encoders. An offline encoder creates a high-quality bit stream encoded at 30 fps, as well as separate files containing motion vectors for the same clip at lower frame rates. An online encoder decodes the bit stream (if necessary) and re-encodes it at lower frame rates in real time using the precomputed, stored motion information. Online frame rate control, used in conjunction with dynamic bit rate control, allows clients to solve the rate mismatch between the bandwidth available to them and the bit rate of the pre-encoded bit stream. Clients can therefore choose the amount of trade-off between temporal and spatial quality while resolving the rate mismatch problem. Moreover, online frame rate control provides a natural means for implementing a VCR-like fast forward control for video streaming applications, without increasing bandwidth consumption.An earlier version of this paper appeared in Proceedings of ACM Multimedia, 1999, pp. 141–144.     

COMETS experiments for advanced mobile satellite communications and advanced satellite broadcasting

The Communications and Broadcasting Engineering Test Satellite (COMETS) was developed to evaluate Ka‐band (31/21GHz) and millimetre‐wave (47/44 GHz) advanced mobile satellite communications systems, 21GHz advanced satellite broadcasting systems, and S‐band and Ka‐band inter‐orbit satellite communications systems. COMETS was launched because it was to become the new ‘bridge’ toward advanced satellite communications technologies in the next century, but the launch on 21 February 1998 regretfully failed due to premature shut down of the second stage engine of the H‐II launch rocket. After this accident, the initial low elliptic orbit of COMETS was improved by the apogee engine to a larger elliptic orbit with an apogee altitude of 17711km, a perigee altitude of 473 km, an inclination of 30.1°, and an orbital period of 319 min. Original and modified COMETS experimental plans, countermeasures in earth stations for the orbiting satellite, as well as an overview of the COMETS satellite and ground terminals are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance comparisons for adaptive LEO satellite links

This paper considers the potential to achieve improved throughput in time‐varying satellite links which have flexibility in information bit rate and/or transmit power. We assume that other parameters of the link budget such as antenna gains and operating frequency are fixed. Simple results are derived, which illustrate what improvements in data throughput or power consumption are possible under two low‐earth orbit scenarios: inter‐satellite links and satellite to ground communications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive rate control algorithm for low power video coding systems

With the recent development of third-generation communication technologies, low power video coding system (such as PDA, Handphone or system on chip) has found wide applications such as live video using a PDA and sharing it among friends, etc. However, video coding in a low power system has two major hurdles to overcome: (1) In a low power system, video coding needs to meet the rigorous constraints of the available memory and computational capacity; (2) In a low power system, the computational power allocated to video coding may vary drastically (in bursts). In this paper, a new adaptive rate control algorithm is proposed for low power video coding system. This adaptive rate control scheme takes into account the time constraint of a low power system, and its bit allocation depends not only on the available data bits, but more importantly, on the available coding time. Experimental results show that, compared to the existing rate control scheme, the new algorithm can always achieve the maximum frame rate, maximize the utilization of the available bandwidth and computing power, increase the average PSNR, and improve the subjective perceptual quality of the reconstructed video.     

分布式卫星系统的上/下行功率联合控制

为了能合理地控制功率以提高分布式卫星系统的系统效能,研究了其上下行功率联合控制问题。通过分析分布式卫星系统的特征及其功率控制问题的难点,建立了合理的分布式卫星系统功率控制模型和控制方案的具体框架;通过改进现有的上行功率预测和单级调整算法,提出了基于预置、预测和多级调整算法的上下行功率联合控制方法,并给出了控制方法的流程图;最后将所提方法与传统上行控制算法、单级补偿算法和预测算法进行了仿真比较,表明在上下行不同降雨百分比条件下,所提方法能更好地满足功率门限需求;在广州、长春两地不同实测雨衰曲线下,所提方法均能够更准确跟踪雨衰变化;业务与通信网区切换时,所提方法也能快速完成切换和保持动态跟踪,能够较好满足分布式卫星系统的功率控制准确性、时效性等应用需求。     

A novel QoS routing protocol for LEO and MEO satellite networks

The rapid advance of communication and satellite technology pushes broadband satellite networks to carry on multimedia traffic. However, the function of onboard routing cannot be provided in existing satellite networks with inter‐satellite links, and quality of service (QoS) of satellite networks cannot be reliably guaranteed because of great difficulties in processing of long distance‐dependent traffic. In this paper, a two‐layered low‐Earth orbit and medium‐Earth orbit satellite network (LMSN) is presented. A novel hierarchical and distributed QoS routing protocol (HDRP) is investigated, and an adaptive bandwidth‐constrained minimum‐delay path algorithm is developed to calculate routing tables efficiently using the QoS metric information composed of delays and bandwidth. The performance of LMSN and HDRP is also evaluated through simulations and theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uplink PID power control technique for TDMA‐based cellular radio systems

The efficient management of wireless resource is essential to the success of wireless systems. While power control is traditionally considered to be a means to counteract the detrimental effects of channel fading, it is also a flexible mechanism that achieves high link quality, high bandwidth utilization, and low power consumption, which are mainly driven in cellular radio systems. Once the power control algorithm provides a lower outage probability, the SUs experienced adequate link quality need not to competitively increase their transmission power. Spontaneously, the systems with lower power consumption and better bandwidth efficiency are achieved. In this paper, a novel power control based on the proportional‐integration‐derivative (PID) controller is proposed, and its performance with an autonomous closed‐loop uplink power control model under the time division multiple access (TDMA) systems is presented. Computer simulation is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed power control algorithm in a cellular radio system with Rayleigh fading channels. The results show that our proposed power control algorithm is remarkably superior to several previous power control methods, especially in a short power control period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

认知星地一体化网络中能效最大化的鲁棒功率控制算法

如何提高能量效率是当前认知星地一体化网络研究的热点问题之一,而功率控制是提高能量效率的重要方法。另外,在实际中,由于信道信息评估误差和反馈时延致使所获得信道增益信息是不完美的,从而使得已有基于完美信息的功率算法不能满足系统性能。为此,针对认知星地一体化网络中无线信道信息不确定的情况,进行鲁棒功率控制算法的研究。首先,针对认知用户的瞬时信噪比和对主用户的干扰受信道衰落的影响而具有不确定性的情况,建立了最差情况下的鲁棒优化问题;其次,利用分式规划和拉格朗日对偶分解理论提出了一个低复杂度的鲁棒功率控制算法。仿真分析表明,提出的鲁棒功率控制算法不仅能够严格保证主用户的通信质量,并且与传统的非鲁棒功率控制算法相比能够提高网络能量效率。     

一个基于速率控制的Internet视频流服务方案

由于视频流服务对于网络服务质量有着较高的要求,而现有的Internet所提供的是尽力而为的服务,无法保证数据的实时传输。该文设计了一个用于Internet上视频流的端到端传输方案.整个方案设计的目的是在网络本身缺乏服务质量保证的条件下尽可能达到最好的视频传输质量。根据可用带宽估计和网络信息反馈,系统对发送速率进行调整,并提供两种视频流服务:存储视频和实时视频。仿真结果表明方案的性能良好,能满足Internet视频流的需求。     

Cross‐layer packet scheduler for QoS support over Digital Video Broadcasting‐Second Generation broadband satellite systems

This article presents a cross‐layer packet scheduler to provide end‐to‐end QoS guarantees for Digital Video Broadcasting‐Second Generation (DVB‐S2) broadband satellite systems. The scheduler design is based on a cross‐layer mechanism defined between the physical and the network layer. It includes an algorithm to guarantee the required QoS specifications established in the service level agreement. The algorithm calculation depends basically on two parameters: the available bandwidth present in a DVB‐S2 satellite link and the QoS requirements of each traffic class defined by the satellite operator. The cross‐layer scheduler's operation is demonstrated using the NS‐2 simulator tool. The results show that the proposed mechanism maximizes the bandwidth utilization while enforcing the priority level of each service class when an extreme reduction of bandwidth caused by rain events is experienced. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A consistent QoS routing strategy for video streaming services in SDN networks

The software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm proposes to decouple the control plane (decision‐making process) and the data plane (packet forwarding) to overcome the limitations of traditional network infrastructures, which are known to be difficult to manage, especially at scale. Although there are previous works focusing on the problem of quality of service (QoS) routing in SDN networks, only few solutions have taken into consideration the network consistency, which reflects the adequacy between the decisions made and the decisions that should be taken. Therefore, we propose a network architecture that guarantees the consistency of the decisions to be taken in an SDN network. A consistent QoS routing strategy is then introduced in a way that avoids any quality degradation of prioritized traffic while optimizing resources usage. Thus, we proposed a traffic dispersion heuristic in order to achieve this goal. We compared our approach with several existing framework in terms of best‐effort flows average throughput, average video bitrate, and video quality of experience (QoE). The emulation results, which are performed using the Mininet environment, clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach that outperforms existing frameworks.     

快速响应激光卫星通信网络的鲁棒动态拓扑控制

星间激光通信具有传输速率高、传输距离远、抗干扰能力强的优点,已成为卫星组网的重要趋势.星间激光网络存在高移动、点对点、波束窄等特点,已有的自由空间网络（FSO）拓扑控制策略应用于星间激光通信,存在计算复杂度高、网络延迟大的不足,无法满足星间激光组网需求.文中提出了一种基于代数连通度的星间激光组网动态拓扑控制方案,通过分布式构建卫星网络连通图与网络增强方法,实现网络动态重构,并通过基于矩阵摄动理论的相关方法,降低了网络动态重构计算复杂度.该方案具有分布式、自组织、近实时的优点,可满足空间激光通信网络的动态拓扑控制需求,提高卫星快速响应能力.     

基于半马尔科夫决策过程的视频传输拥塞控制算法

针对传输控制协议(TCP, transmission control protocol)的拥塞控制算法未能满足视频传输质量要求的问题,提出了一种基于半马尔科夫决策过程的视频传输拥塞控制算法。首先, 为克服目前基于峰值信噪比的视频质量评估方法实时性低的缺点,设计了一种可在线运行的无参考视频质量评估方法。其次,根据接收端视频质量的反馈,采用半马尔科夫决策过程对拥塞控制进行建模,并通过求解此模型得到拥塞控制参数的调整策略。仿真实验结果表明,与目前典型的拥塞控制算法相比,该算法不但具备更好的TCP友好性,而且有效地提高了解码后视频序列的主观和客观质量。     

飞机对卫星激光通信上行链路建模与功率分析

针对飞机对卫星激光通信上行链路,对背景光、激光大气传输衰减、接收器的接收效率和光强起伏等影响链路性能的因素进行了理论建模和分析;在此基础上,考虑OOK调制和直接检测并结合APD的Webb-Gaussian模型,建立了链路误码率模型.通过数值仿真,得出误码率与入射到APD上的信号光功率之间的关系;分析发现误码率随信号光功率的增加而下降,并且下降速率与信号光功率近似满足对数线性关系.最后,计算得出了链路误码率达到10-7时,发射端所需的最小出瞳功率为0.873W.     

卫星视频帧内自适应误码掩盖新算法

在易发生错误的卫星信道的传输过程中,视频会产生误码和丢包.根据视频的边缘特征,将丢失块分成平坦块、边缘块和纹理块.然后,自适应地选择双线性内插、方向内插或者新方向加权内插作为内插方法,提高重构视频质量,加速误码掩盖过程.为了减少梯度计算量,将噪声像素从候选预测像素列表中剔除.为了准确地呈现图像的方向信息以及抑制噪声,选择Prewitt算子作为梯度滤波器.另外,使用分数像素内插来提高插值精度,适应高清视频应用.客观评价结果显示,在解码时间稍微增加的情况下,峰值信噪比大约提升了3 dB.主观比较结果显示,提出的算法能够获得更高的视觉质量.