预变形对2E12铝合金时效析出过程的影响

通过DSC热分析、显微硬度测试、透射电镜分析等研究了预变形对2E12铝合金时效析出过程的影响。结果表明：2E12铝合金表现为双阶段时效硬化特征,预变形降低了合金时效第1阶段硬化效果,提高了合金峰时效硬度,缩短了峰时效时间;随预变形量的增加,合金峰时效硬度增大,峰时效时间提前。增加预变形量使合金中析出的板条状S相更为细小、弥散。预变形引入位错对沉淀析出有利,位错环纯刃型位错为S相析出提供有利位置,促进球状S相形核。预变形产生位错结构有利于I型S相析出,并延缓II型S相析出     

超高强度Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si合金的形变热处理

研究不同形变热处理条件下Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si合金的性能与显微组织结构,对合金的力学性能和电学性能进行测量,并采用金相显微镜、透射电镜及电子衍射分析其显微组织。结果表明：时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程,在时效初期尤为明显;在450℃时效时该合金的峰时效有3种强化机制：调幅组织强化、析出的第二相粒子强化和有序强化;析出的第二相粒子主要是Ni2Si粒子;采用铸锭—热轧—冷轧（变形量为60%）—时效工艺处理的合金可以得到硬度和导电率的最优组合。     

预压缩变形对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr-Cu合金时效析出行为的影响

本文采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM),系统研究了经6%和12%预压缩变形处理后Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr-Cu合金在时效过程中的第二相析出行为。研究结果发现,预变形量对Zr合金时效析出行为有显著的影响,在相同的时效条件下,预压缩变形量为12%的合金第二相粒子平均尺寸比6%的合金小约10nm;600℃下时效时,Zr合金的第二相粒子平均尺寸与预变形量呈线性反比关系。透射电镜分析结果表明,合金在500℃低温时效30min时先析出含有少量Cu元素的正交结构Zr3Fe相;当时效1800min后,除了大尺寸的Zr3Fe外还有六方结构的Zr(Fe,Nb)2析出,但预压缩变形量对Zr合金的第二相析出种类没有显著影响。     

Cu-2．0Ni-0．5Si合金形变热处理及强化机理分析

研究了不同形变热处理条件下Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si合金的性能,对合金的显微硬度和电导率进行测量,采用透射电镜及电子衍射分析其显微组织.结果表明,时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程,在时效初期尤为明显;在450 ℃时效时合金有3种强化机制:调幅组织强化、位错强化、析出的第二相粒子强化.随着变形量的增加硬度的峰值也会增加,但对电导率影响不大.变形量为80%时其显微硬度达到248 HV,相对电导率达38.5%IACS.     

轻量化车身用AlMgSi合金时效工艺及强化相析出行为研究进展

综述了轻量化合金用Al MgSi合金的时效析出特征、强化机理、织构演化、工艺参数对强化相组织形态及其强化作用的影响等相关研究进展。重点讨论了强化相本身的结构及组织特点、预时效/预变形对强化相析出行为的影响、热处理工艺对性能的影响,总结了强化相析出动力学及强化模型等相关的理论研究进展,介绍了透射电子显微镜、热分析法、电阻测试等在Al MgSi合金中强化析出行为方面表征的最新发展及其在本领域的贡献,探讨了时效温度及时间、变形量及变形缺陷对强化相析出动力学的影响机理。结合近期的研究进展,提出了本领域的研究难点和需进一步研究的重点方向。     

Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金的时效行为

研究了时效处理后不同程度冷变形的Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金的时效行为,利用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析了合金时效过程和显微组织,并对其孪晶及析出相进行了标定;同时研究了时效处理和冷轧变形量对合金导电率和显微硬度的影响,建立了导电率方程和时效析出动力学方程,探讨了合金的时效强化机制和时效析出动力学。结果表明:经过时效处理,Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金的硬度和导电率均得到提升;Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金经40%冷轧变形后,在500℃时效1 h后,其导电率为44%·IACS,显微硬度为255 HV0.1。Cu-1.5Ni-1.0Co-0.6Si合金在500℃时效时,合金析出相析出完成所用时间最短。     

Mg-Gd系合金时效析出研究进展

Mg-Gd系合金的时效析出强化效果优异且析出序列及析出相在含稀土镁合金中具有一定代表性。总结了国内外Mg-Gd系合金时效析出的研究进展,阐述该系合金的时效析出动力学、析出序列及析出相、析出相强化机理等。影响Mg-Gd系合金时效析出动力学的主要因素有时效温度、Gd元素含量、晶粒尺寸、预变形量以及少量非稀土合金元素的添加等。Mg-Gd、Mg-Gd-Y(Dy)、Mg-Gd-Nd(Sm)等合金系的时效析出序列依次为β″-Mg3Gd→β′-Mg7Gd→β1-Mg3Gd→β-Mg5Gd,Mg-Gd-Zn合金时效过程中则还会有γ″-Mg70Gd15Zn15相和γ′-MgGdZn相存在。最后,对该系合金的析出强化机制和未来的发展方向进行了阐述。     

冷轧变形量对2519铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过显微硬度、拉伸测试,透射电镜分析等手段研究了形变热处理工艺对2519铝合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:冷轧变形加速了2519铝合金在165℃下的时效过程,缩短了峰值时效时间,并随冷轧变形程度的增加,析出强化相θ'相愈弥散、愈细小,这些弥散而细小的θ'相有利于阻碍位错的运动,从而提高合金的强度;随冷轧变形量的增加2519铝合金中的无沉淀析出带逐渐变窄,合金的伸长率逐渐降低.2519铝合金时效前的冷轧变形量应在10%～15%之间.     

预变形对2099合金组织性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、力学性能测试和透射电镜观察等手段,研究了不同预变形程度对2099合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着预变形程度增大,合金时效进程显著加快,合金峰时效态的强度显著提高;析出相更为细小弥散地分布于基体中,较为粗大的晶界析出相趋于不连续化、点链化;时效强化相经历了由T_1相、δ′相和θ′相三相共存到以T_1相为主要强化相的变化过程,表明预变形对时效过程中析出相的大小、类型、分布有重要影响,在促进T_1相析出的同时,也消耗了δ′相和θ′相。     

冷变形和时效热处理对TB9钛合金组织和性能影响

利用XRD、OM和SEM等手段研究和分析了冷变形和时效热处理对TB9钛合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随变形量的增大,在合金棒材横截面形成旋涡状组织,而沿纵截面形成纤维状组织;合金径向和轴向的显微硬度均随着变形量的增大而增大;合金450℃/8 h/AC时效热处理后由α相和β相组成,且随变形量的增大,合金室温抗拉强度增加,塑性降低;同时冷变形过程中引入的位错等缺陷为时效过程中α相的析出提供形核位置,使α相无析出区消失,α相尺寸达到纳米级;合金70%冷变形样品经时效热处理后最高抗拉强度可达1809 MPa,此时还有4%的延伸率,断裂方式为韧性断裂和脆性断裂混合模式。     

Study of the initial oxidation of a Ni-20Cr alloy in the temperature range 550–830°C: Influence of mechanical deformation

The influence of a uniaxial deformation on the initial oxidation rate of a Ni-20Cr polycrystalline alloy was studied between 550 and 830°C at 10^–4 Pa of oxygen. At 550, 650, and 750°C, it was shown that the defects induced by a mechanical predeformation accelerate chromium-oxide formation on the alloy surface. This homogeneous oxide film is characteristic of the low-pressure-oxidation conditions. The film appeared on the sample after various incubation periods for the experimental conditions used. Microanalyses (scanning Auger microanalyses, composition profiles) reveal that growth of this oxide is heterogeneous and that it needs preferential orientations with the substrate. Furthermore, near chromium-oxide areas, an incorporation of oxygen at concentrations higher than the solubility was noted. At 830°C, this chromium oxide does not grow, because the superficial defects disappear by thermal annealing and the oxygen incorporation does not apparently depend on mechanical deformation.     

Effect of predeformation on microstructural evolution of a Zr alloy during 550–700 °C aging after β quenching

In this paper, we report the effect of a 20% predeformation on the microstructural evolution of a Zr–0.85Sn–0.4Nb–0.4Fe–0.1Cr–0.05Cu alloy during aging between 550 and 700 °C after β quenching. Transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, electron channeling contrast and secondary electron imaging techniques are jointly utilized to carry out detailed microstructural characterization. By comparing microstructures between directly aged specimens (group A) and specimens aged after a 20% predeformation (group B), it is revealed that the introduced predeformation could exert remarkable influences on the Zr alloy. As the aging temperature and/or time increase, initial plate structures finally recrystallize in both groups. In spite of the similarity of the general evolution profile, the predeformation introduced in group B evidently reduces the required aging temperature and time. Distinct recrystallization nucleation behaviors due to different recrystallization mechanisms are also found in both groups. Noticeable differences between the with- and without-predeformation groups also include grain size, distribution of second-phase particles and misorientation angle distribution features in recrystallized specimens. Reasons accounting for the accelerated recrystallization and distinct microstructural characteristics in group B are discussed and attributed to the defects introduced during the predeformation. In addition, grain size calculation by applying the Zener equation shows that, although equilibrium states are not attained in both groups, the case with the predeformation is closer to the ideal equilibrium.     

Microstructure evolution and deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained Al–Zn–Mg alloys with fine η′ precipitates

An aged Al–5Zn–1.6Mg alloy with fine η′ precipitates was grain refined to ～100 nm grain size by means of confined channel die pressing. Microstructure observations and mechanical tests were carried out to characterize the materials before and after various degrees of severe plastic deformation. Deformation processing enhanced the strength of the alloy, but limited its work hardenability. An analysis of deformation mechanisms revealed that plasticity proceeded by dislocation slip through ultrafine-grained cellular and subgrain arrangements. η′ precipitates strengthened the alloy by dispersion hardening, but retarded an increase in the strain rate sensitivity during grain refinement. The influence of η′ precipitates is discussed with respect to their effect on dislocation configurations and deformation mechanisms during processing of the alloy.     

Effect of Cu on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2519 aluminum alloy

The effect of Cu on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2519 aluminum alloy was investigated by means of tensile test, microhardness test, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that when the content of Cu is less than 6.0%, the strength of 2519 aluminum alloy increases with the increase of Cu eontent; when the content of Cu is more than 6.0%, the strength of the alloy decreases. The hardening effect of the aged alloy is accelerated at 180℃ and the time to peak age is reduced, but the plasticity of the alloy gradually decreases with the increase of Cu content. However, the hardening effect of the aged alloy decreases with the increase of Cu as the content of Cu is over 6.0%. The optimal content of Cu of 2519 aluminum alloy is 6.0%, at which the alloy has best tensile strength and plasticity.     

EFFECT OF PREDEFORMATION MANNER ON SEMI-SOLID STRUCTURE OF AZ61 MAGNESIUM ALLOY IN SIMA PROCESS

The effect of predeformation manner, predeformation ratio and isothermal heat-treat parameter on the non-dendrite structure of AZ61 magnesium alloy in SIMA process was studied. Under coequal heat-treat condition, the impact of the hot upsetting pre- deformation on semi-solid microstructure in SIMA process was compared with that of the cold compressive predeformation. The results indicate that non-dendrite microstructure in AZ61 magnesium alloy billets can be obtained by hot or cold upsetting predeformation in SIMA process, although their mechanisms of evolution are different. Increasing hot or cold upsetting predeformation ratio can enhance the effect and quality of the non-dendrite microstructure formed before storage energy up to saturation, but the proper isothermal temperature and holding time should be selected.     

变形度对退火态Nb-W-Mo-Zr棒材金相组织和力学性能的影响

对采用相同加工工艺制备的4种不同规格NbW合金棒材进行退火热处理、金相组织观察和室温力学性能的测试。实验数据表明合金的金相组织在热处理前后由锻造态的流线形向完全再结晶形态转变,1350℃是NbW合金最低再结晶温度。晶粒度随变形量的增加而减小,当Φ31棒材的变形量达到89.7%时晶粒度为43.55μm,同时抗拉强度值达到最大值505MPa,拉伸延伸率为最小值29.5%。     

压缩量和时效制度对A286高温合金组织和性能的影响

对经过980 ℃×2 h固溶处理后的A286合金进行压缩变形和时效处理,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察相的元素成分;利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察其显微组织;利用硬度计测试维氏硬度,对其性能进行比较,以验证析出相对时效后A286合金性能的影响。结果表明,相同压缩条件下,随着时效时间的增加,A286合金析出相数量不断增加,析出相种类以弥散γ′相、碳化钛和碳化铬为主;相同时效条件下,随着变形量的增加,析出相的数量也在不断增加。在680 ℃时效时,随着时效时间的延长,同一压缩量合金的硬度呈增大趋势,但增幅逐渐趋缓;经35%压缩量的合金在720 ℃时效8 h时硬度达到峰值。     

预变形量对2519铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、扫描电镜与透射电镜研究时效前冷轧预变形量对2519铝合金晶界无沉淀带(PFZ)及第二相大小、分布和抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:经冷轧预变形后,晶间析出相细化并弥散分布,导致各变形量样品的时效硬度均提高,同时使合金到达峰值的时效时间缩短;且随着预变形量的增加,合金晶间腐蚀性能由4级降至0级,抗晶间腐蚀能力增强。这是由于晶界无沉淀带变窄,同时在晶界析出的平衡相由链条状分布逐渐变为不连续分布,使连续网状的腐蚀通道转变为断续的腐蚀点,进而提高了2519合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能。     

Effect of pre-deformation on aging characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Nd-Zr alloy

The effect of plastic deformation prior to artificial aging on the aging characteristics and mechanical properties of a Mg-I lGd-2Nd-0.5Zr （mass fraction, %） alloy was investigated. After solution treatment at 525 ℃ for 4 h, the alloy was subjected to cold stretching deformation of 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively. The as-deformed specimens possess high density of dislocations and mechanical twins, which increase with elevated deformation. As compared with non-stretched alloy, the stretched alloy shows accelerated age-hardening response and slightly enhanced peak hardness when aged at 200 ℃. Comparison of the microstructures in undeformed and deformed specimens after 200 ℃, 24 h aging reveals that pre-deformation induces the heterogeneous nucleation of precipitations at dislocations and twin boundaries in addition to the homogeneous precipitation in the matrix. Room and high temperature tensile test results show that pre-deformation enhances the strength of the alloy, especially at room temperature, though the ductility declines. The improvement in strength of deformed and aged alloy is attributed to the combined strengthening effect of precipitates, deformation structures and grain boundaries.     

时效对新型Ti-Al-V中熵合金组织性能的影响

采用真空悬浮熔炼法制备出新型Ti-Al-V中熵合金,使用全自动密度天平测定合金密度,并对其分别在500 ℃和700 ℃下时效处理2 h,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和维氏显微硬度计研究时效温度对其显微组织、物相组成及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ti-Al-V中熵合金是一种轻质(密度4.18 g/cm³)、高硬度(铸态505 HV)新型合金;铸态和时效后的合金中均存在BCC结构的基体和HCP结构的富Ti板条状/粒状/针状析出相两种相结构;时效处理的合金中析出相数量相比铸态明显增加,并且时效温度提高,粒状/针状形貌的析出相数量进一步增加;铸态时合金的硬度较高,但力学性能均匀性差,随着时效温度的升高,合金硬度逐渐降低,但力学性能相对更均匀。