表面活性剂与仿生光催化氧化的协同效应

仿生光催化剂磺酸铁酞菁在可见光的照射下,能很好地发挥催化作用,使H2O2更有效地氧化孔雀绿模拟的印染废水,而废水中所含的表面活性剂,会与仿生光催化氧化产生协同作用.实验研究了三种不同的表面活性剂对仿生光催化氧化的影响,实验结果表明聚乙烯醇(PVA)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)以及聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)均与仿生光催化氧化产生协同效应.     

Synergistic antioxidant effect of nucleic acids and tocopherols

Nucleic acids acted as synergists with tocopherols in inhibiting the oxidation of methyl linoleate. DNA and RNA enhanced the activity of tocopherols to different extents in the order α->γ->δ-tocopherol. Nucleic acids decreased the rates of consumption of tocopherol in the presence of oxi-dizing methyl linoleate. Nucleic acids also decreased the rate of oxidation of tocopherols by PbO₂. The synergistic effect of nucleic acids seemed to be caused by hydrogen bond formation with tocopherols which protected toco-pherols from direct air oxidation.     

PESA与其他阻垢剂的协同效应

通过静态阻垢实验对PESA和其他阻垢剂的协同阻垢效应进行研究,发现对不同的水垢,PESA和不同的阻垢剂产生不同的协同作用。对碳酸钙垢,PESA与AA/AM/MA和HEDP有协同作用;对硫酸钙垢,PESA与PASP和PBTCA有协同作用。实验结果为PESA在工业领域的应用提供了参考。     

纳米级粉末橡胶协同阻燃HIPS

制备了纳米级丁苯粉末橡胶（牌号为VP101）／阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）体系，研究了w（VP101）和VP101的辐照剂量对阻燃体系的影响。结果表明，十溴二苯醚的质量分数为10％和w（VP101）为3％时，阻燃HIPS体系达到UL 94 V-0级。其中，辐照剂量为5kGy的VP101试样阻燃效果优于未辐照试样，且冲击强度得到了提高。扫描电子显微镜分析表明，VP101的加入提高了溴系阻燃剂在基体中的分散性。     

BFA的肥料增效功能及其意义

BFA作为添加剂,对有机肥、化肥都有明显的增效作用,对植物秸杆、残渣的深度发酵分解有独特的作用,把BFA原粉定位于肥料增效剂和土壤改良剂,对促进腐植酸行业的发展,对解决农业发展中面临的问题都有重要意义。     

Synergistic effect in low temperature co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and lignite

Sugarcane bagasse was co-pyrolyzed with lignite in a fixed bed reactor to investigate the possible interaction during co-pyrolysis. GC-MS revealed that the concentration of phenols and aliphatic compounds in the tar increased with the addition of sugarcane bagasse, while the content of aromatic compounds had the contradictory tendency. The phenol content in co-pyrolyzed tar reached 20.35%, which increased by 142.26% compared with the calculated values. The sugarcane bagasse decomposition peak partly overlapped with lignite pyrolysis peak from TG-DTG curves, which meant more interaction between lignite and sugarcane bagasse during the pyrolysis process. The difference between the experimental and calculated values of pyrolysis products yield, tar components, DTG values and kinetics analysis indicated the synergetic effect between lignite and sugarcane bagasse.     

大黄素和维生素C清除自由基的协同作用研究

研究了大黄素、维生素C、大黄素和维生素C混合体系清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力。结果表明,大黄素对·OH和O2-·清除率为30.8%和68.78%;维生素C对·OH和O2-·的清除率为57.36%和72.65%;大黄素与维生素C混合后有协同作用,对·OH和O2-·的清除率可达到99.40%和93.38%。     

Synergistic effect of graphite nanoplatelets and glass fibers in polypropylene composites

In this study, polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with short glass fibers (GF) and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets were obtained by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Morphological observations and quasi‐static tensile tests were carried out in order to investigate how the morphology and the mechanical properties of the composites were affected by the combined effect of two fillers of rather different size scales (i.e., micro‐ and nanoscale). The results indicate that the dispersion of the nanofiller in the PP matrix promoted the formation of a stronger interface between the matrix and GF, as indicated by the increase of the interfacial shear strength determined by the single‐fiber microdebonding test. Concurrently, a significant improvement of the tensile modulus and impact strength of the composites was observed, with small changes in the processability of hybrid composites compared to that of GF composites, as confirmed by rheological measurements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41682.     

纳米材料复合泡沫缓速酸协同增效作用的研究

为了增加酸化压裂过程中酸液的刻蚀距离,增强作业效果,由纳米SiO_2和表面活性剂YEP-1和20%HCl制备了高效纳米泡沫缓速酸体系,研究纳米材料的表面性能、粒径等因素对表面活性剂在盐酸溶液中发泡性能的影响,测试了复合酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学参数和溶蚀速率。结果表明,采用粒径为20 nm的亲水型SiO_2纳米材料作为稳泡剂效果最佳,并使用两性表面活性剂YFP-1作为起泡剂,当SiO_2和YFP-1的质量分数分别为体系总质量0.5%和1.0%时,酸液起泡体积明显减小,泡沫更加致密,半衰期显著增大,复合酸液体系配比为20%HCl+1.0%YFP-1+0.5%SiO_2时,显著降低了岩芯动态溶蚀速率,为实现深部酸化提供了技术支持。     

Synergistic effect of carbon and phosphorus flame retardants in rigid polyurethane foams

Two kinds of carbon and phosphorus synergistic system used to improve the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) were studied. One is the synergistic effect of expandable graphite and guanidinium phosphate; the other is red phosphorus and guanidinium phosphate. The flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of these composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index, cone calorimeter test, as well as tension and compression test. These 2 groups of mixed inorganic flame retardants can greatly improve the flame retardancy of RPUF composites, as the limiting oxygen index increases from 20.1% to about 33% and the HRR reduces from 395 kW/m² to below 200 kW/m². It provides a convenient and inexpensive way to obtain RPUF with demanding properties.     

Synergistic catalytic effect in the hydrogenation of Victorian brown coals

Evidence is presented that a mixed metal catalyst system, which is predominantly iron-based with trace amounts of tin, displays a significant synergistic effect in the hydrogenation of Victorian brown coal, when compared with hydrogenation results using only iron- or tin-based catalysts of comparable metal concentrations to the mixed metal system.     

Synergistic effect of dipentaerythritol and montmorillonite in EVOH‐based nanocomposites

To solve problems of stiffness of EVOH in film preparation, new formulations are investigated. First, dipentaerythritol (DPE) is blended with EVOH: it acts as plasticizer, decreases the EVOH crystallization temperature and allows the preparation of articles featuring enhanced flexibility and stretchability. However, beyond a certain loading (above 10 wt %) DPE can crystallize and segregate during cooling, causing further problems in EVOH processability due to material embrittlement. Then, a small amount of montmorillonite (MMT) is mixed in the EVOH/DPE system: it results that for specific compositions MMT inhibits the DPE crystallization. At the same time, DPE, thanks to its high polarity and affinity with both clay and polymeric matrix, improves the intercalation of the nanoclays, promoting the penetration of the polymer chains within the layers of the clay. The synergistic effects of DPE and MMT in EVOH matrix is confirmed by DSC, WAXD, SAXS and TEM analyses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42265.     

纳米材料复合泡沫缓速酸协同增效作用的研究

为了增加酸化压裂过程中酸液的刻蚀距离,增强作业效果,由纳米SiO_2和表面活性剂YEP-1和20%HCl制备了高效纳米泡沫缓速酸体系,研究纳米材料的表面性能、粒径等因素对表面活性剂在盐酸溶液中发泡性能的影响,测试了复合酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学参数和溶蚀速率。结果表明,采用粒径为20 nm的亲水型SiO_2纳米材料作为稳泡剂效果最佳,并使用两性表面活性剂YFP-1作为起泡剂,当SiO_2和YFP-1的质量分数分别为体系总质量0.5%和1.0%时,酸液起泡体积明显减小,泡沫更加致密,半衰期显著增大,复合酸液体系配比为20%HCl+1.0%YFP-1+0.5%SiO_2时,显著降低了岩芯动态溶蚀速率,为实现深部酸化提供了技术支持。     

聚天冬氨酸与其它阻垢分散剂的协同效应

通过静态阻垢试验验证新型绿色生物可降解阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸是CaCO3,CaSO4·2H2O和BaSO4垢的优良阻垢剂.对聚天冬氨酸和其它阻垢分散剂的协同阻垢效应进行研究,发现对不同的水垢,聚天冬氨酸和不同的阻垢分散剂产生协同作用.对碳酸钙垢,聚天冬氨酸与聚马来酸酐、聚丙烯酸和羟基乙叉二膦酸有协同作用,对硫酸钙垢,聚天冬氨酸与聚环氧琥珀酸、聚丙烯酸和2-膦酸基-1,2,4三羟基丁烷有协同作用,对硫酸钡垢,聚天冬氨酸与聚环氧琥珀酸有协同作用.试验结果为聚天冬氨酸的工业应用提供了参考价值.     

不同反应器中氧化反应与水蒸气气化反应协同作用差异性

在?80mm×3000mm气流床和?40mm×200mm流化床中进行了O₂、H₂O、H₂O+O₂气氛下800℃胜利褐煤气化实验，同时在流化床中进行了O₂、H₂O、H₂O+O₂气氛下半焦原位气化实验和H₂O气氛下半焦完全气化实验。比较了2种反应器中氧化反应与水蒸气气化反应协同作用的大小（强弱）；结合实验条件利用缩核模型分别推导了2种反应器中协同作用影响下水蒸气气化反应速率方程；同时，从传质（扩散）速率、动力学、半焦-挥发分相互作用3方面探讨了2种反应器中协同作用存在显著差异的原因。结果发现，气流床中H₂O+O₂气氛下褐煤转化率明显大于H₂O和O₂单独气氛下褐煤转化率之和，其差值稳定在2.11%～4.01%，而在流化床中差值仅为0～0.75%，相对流化床，气流床中协同作用更明显。这是由于，在流化床中水蒸气向炭粒表面扩散的传质速率约为气流床的11%～25%，水蒸气气化过程受气膜扩散控制，炭粒表面水蒸气全部参与气化反应，炭粒表面无“多余”水分子，氧气开孔/扩孔作用提供的活性位“闲置”，而气流床中气化反应为速控步，炭粒表面有“富裕”水分子，可充分利用氧气开孔/扩孔作用提供的活性位，促进作用显著；挥发分-半焦相互作用不是流化床反应器中协同作用不显著的原因。     

正磷酸盐的阻垢协同作用研究

采用静态阻垢法、SEM、XRD分析技术研究了PO4^3-与三元共聚物AA/AMPS/HPA对CaCO3垢的作用.结果表明：单独的PO4^3-对CaCO3无任何阻垢作用;8～20mg/LAA/AMPS/HPA＋1～6mg/LPO4^3-在阻CaCO3垢时表现出显著的协同效应,当PO4^3-质量浓度超过6 mg/L时,两者阻CaCO3的阻垢率下降,协同效应也不明显.PO4^3-与AA/AMPS/HPA三元共聚物使CaCO3的形貌发生变化,对方解石的形成有明显的抑制作用.     

Synergistic effect between a triazine‐based macromolecule and melamine pyrophosphate in flame retardant polypropylene

A novel charring agent, namely triazine‐based macromolecule (TBM), was synthesized via solution polycondensation of cyanuric chloride, ethanolamine, and diethylenetriamine. The prepared charring agent possessed little water solubility and superior char‐forming ability, and it showed good synergistic effects with melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) in flame retardant polypropylene (PP). When the content of MPP was 16.7 wt% and TBM was 8.3 wt%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PP/MPP/TBM composite could reach 31.0%, and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating was achieved based on the vertical burning test. Furthermore, the composite exhibited an outstanding water resistance that it could still obtain a V‐0 rating after soaking in hot water for 168 h. The cone calorimetry test (CCT) results demonstrated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat release (THR) and mass lose rate (MLR) of the composite were decreased significantly in comparison with those of pure PP. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG‐FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectra (SEM‐EDS) results revealed that the efficient flame retardancy of MPP/TBM was mainly attributed to the formation of a compact and thermostable intumescent char on underlying materials during a fire. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Synergistic effect of dopant combination and switchover in formation mechanism of polyaniline nanowire

Self‐assembled polyaniline (PAni) was synthesized electrochemically in dimethylformamide medium to study the effect of simultaneous use of organic–inorganic dopant combination in aprotic polar synthesis medium. During the synthesis process, simultaneous dual doping was performed using p‐toluenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid with varying the ratio of the dopants keeping their total concentration unchanged. Nanowire meshes were formed where switchover in nanostructure formation is observed. Nanowire in individually doped PAni was formed with directional joining of smaller nanoparticles or from multilayered tubular nanostructures whereas, for dual doped PAni, either of these two was observed. Periodicity parallel and perpendicular to polymer chain were found in well correlation with diameter of nanowires. Synergistic improvements in AC conductivity, specific capacitance, and thermal degradation within certain temperature range were observed in particular ratio of the dopants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41520.     

Synergistic effect of tolutriazol and sodium carboxylates on zinc corrosion in atmospheric conditions

During the transport or the storage, galvanized steel products undergo the wet storage stain phenomenon, leading to the formation of unsightly and extensive white rust of zinc. In the context of development of temporary protection to replace mineral oils, the present study is focused on the combined action of sodium heptanoate (CH₃(CH₂)₅COONa, noted NaC₇) and 3-methyl benzotriazol (named tolutriazol, TTA) on zinc corrosion. Stationary and dynamic electrochemical measurements have shown that the association of NaC₇ and TTA provokes the formation of insoluble and hydrophobic passive layer, and lead to a positive synergy between the anodic and cathodic inhibiting actions of the two respective compounds. According to XPS and MEB analysis, the protective material is a layer containing zinc cation, heptanoate anion and TTA molecules, formed by a mechanism of precipitation on the zinc surface. In accordance with the coordination properties between Zn²⁺ and TTA determined by pH titration, the TTA molecules is trapped in a zinc soap, probably in a compound, Zn(TTA)₂(C₇)₂, which explains the efficiency of this formulation in the climatic chamber test.     

Synergistic effect of BSA on antioxidant activities in model food emulsions

Sunflower oil-in-water emulsions containing TBHQ, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroma-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), both with and without BSA, were stored at 50 and 30°C. Oxidation of the oil was monitored by determination of the PV, conjugated diene content, and hexanal formation. Emulsions containing EGCG, caffeic acid, and, to a lesser extent, Trolox were much more stable during storage in the presence of BSA than in its absence even though BSA itself did not provide an antioxidant effect. BSA did not have a synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity of TBHQ. The BSA structure changed, with a considerable loss of fluorescent tryptophan groups during storage of solutions containing BSA and antioxidants, and a BSA-antioxidant adduct with radical-scavenging activity was formed. The highest radical-scavenging activity observed was for the isolated protein from a sample containing EGCG and BSA incubated at 30°C for 10 d. This fraction contained unchanged BSA as well as BSA-antioxidant adduct, but 95.7% of the initial fluorescence had been lost, showing that most of the BSA had been altered. It can be concluded that BSA exerts its synergistic effect with antioxidants because of formation of a protein-antioxidant adduct during storage, which is concentrated at the oil-water interface owing to the surface-active nature of the protein.