抗菌核病转基因油菜植株的获得

将携带菜豆几丁质酶基因的植物表达载体ｐＢｃｈ通过农秆菌介导法导入甘兰型油菜Ｈ１６５中。经卡那霉素对Ｔ０、Ｔ１和Ｔ２代植株进行连续的筛选和菌核病（ｓｃｌｅｒｏ－ｔｉｎｉａ ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｎｏｒｉｕｍ）接种试验,共获得２２株抗菌核病的Ｔ２代植株。对其中的２２株进行ＰＣＲＳ检测,从６株扩增得到与菜豆几丁质酶基因大小对应的ＤＮＡ带型,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实其中２株呈现阳性结果,表明外源基因已整合到油菜     

醋酸钙不动杆菌PHEA-2的16S rDNA测序及其苯酚降解特性研究

从我国东北某炼油厂工业废水中分离到一株高效降解苯酚的菌株ＰＨＥＡ－２,采用ＰＣＲ技术从该菌总ＤＮＡ中克隆到１５００ｂｐ的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ片段。该片段的核苷酸序列分析结果表明,ＰＨＥＡ－２的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ核苷酸序列与醋酸钙不动杆菌模式菌株的同源性为９８％。在细菌系统发育分类学上,ＰＨＥＡ－２归属变形细菌γ亚类中的不动杆菌属,醋酸钙不动杆菌,ＰＨＥＡ－２除了能够降解苯酚外,还能降解苯甲酸盐和邻苯二酚     

假单胞菌phen8的降解特性及其缺失突变株的筛选

对分离筛选到的一株高效苯酚降解菌phen8（假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.）的底物降解特性进行了分析,并筛选出四株缺的苯酚降解功能的突变株。结果表明,在苯酚初浓度为0－7mmol/L时,苯酚降解菌phen8的菌体密度和降率与培养基中的苯酚初浓度成正比,而大于7mmol/L的苯酚则明显地抑制降解反应,葡萄糖对苯酚的降解也表现出明显的抑制作用。与对照相比,在含有葡萄糖的基本培养基中培养20h后,菌体对苯酚的降解率减小47．2％。已筛选到的四个丢失苯酚降解功能的突变株,并今后降解基因的克隆和基因表达调控研究提供了良好的工作基础。     

质粒pMC73A在宿主细菌中的稳定性研究

针对基因工程菌在农业生产应用上的安全性问题，对质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ在宿主细菌ＮＧ１３中的稳定性进行了研究。试验结果表明：质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ在宿主细菌中是不稳定的。在宿主细菌连续繁殖过程中，质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ随宿主细菌的繁殖而发生缺失，当宿主细菌繁殖７０代时，质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ的缺失超过５０％；宿主细菌繁殖约１２０代，质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ的缺失几乎达到１００％。     

质粒pMC73A在突主细菌中的稳定性研究

针对基因工程菌在２生产应用上的安全性问题，对质粒ＰＭＣ７３Ａ在缩主细菌ＮＧ１３中 的稳定进行了研究。试验结果表明 ：质粒ＰＭＣ７３Ａ在宿主细菌中是不稳定的。     

纳米二氧化钛的特殊功能及应用领域

纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)属于非溶出型材料,在降解有机污染物和杀灭菌的同时,自身不分解、不溶出,光催化作用持久,并具有持久的杀菌、降解污染物效果。一般常用的杀菌剂银、铜等能使细菌细胞失去活性,但细菌杀死后,尸体     

水稻白叶枯病菌受寄主诱导基因的鉴定

用一个具链霉素（Ｓｍ）抗性并含无启动子ＣＡＴ基因的广宿主启动子探针质粒ＰＩＪ３１００，用鸟枪法在ＣＡＴ基因上游的ＢａｍＨ１克隆位，或插入水稻白叶枯病菌（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｏｒｙｚａｅｐｖ．ｏｒｙｚａｅ），用ＢａｍＨ１完全酶切的染色体ＤＮＡ片段，将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌ＥＤ８７６７在含链霉素的ＬＢ单板上筛选转化子。得到容量为６０００个转化子的克隆群体，其中２％的克隆含有水稻白叶枯病菌启动子活性片段，在平板上表现氯霉素（Ｃｍ）抗性。在帮助质粒ＰＲＫ２０１３的帮助下，通过三亲支配，将含有水稻白叶枯病菌启动子片段的重组质粒转移进野生型的水稻白叶枯病菌中去，在含链霉素的ＰＳＡ平板上筛选１６００个接合子，其中一个在平板上表现氯霉素抗性及含有组成表达的水稻白叶枯病菌启动子。随机选取２００个平板上对氯霉素敏感的接合子，接种用氯霉素处理的水稻感病品种金南风，得到１５个比对照明显致病的克隆。用其中一个含受水稻特异诱导启动子的重组质粒为探针，在水稻白叶枯病菌野生菌基因文库中筛选到２７个阳性克隆。     

荧光素酶报告基因在转基因蚕中的应用

报道了在针对ＢｍＮＰＶ的核酶转基因蚕筛选过程中利用荧光素酶报告基因的检测及鉴定结果。试验采用的质粒为含家蚕核多角体病毒的即刻早期蛋白基因ＩＥ启动子－荧光素酶报告基因－抗ＨＰＶ ＩＥ核酶基因的联合重组质粒ｐＩＥ－Ｌｕｃ－Ｒｚ。该质粒经限制性内切酶Ｓｃａ Ｉ线性化后用基因枪法导入家蚕早期受精卵,待Ｇ１代测定荧光素酶活性表达较高的蚕的羽化交配产卵,分别于Ｇ２,Ｇ３和Ｇ４代再用ＢｍＮＰＶ接种筛选出对ＮＰＶ     

一株新硫醇脱臭菌的降解机能研究

从多菌源经富集分离出一株高效降解硫醇臭气的菌株(JLL),通过16S rRNA基因序列分析法和传统的生理生化法相结合,鉴定JLL为黄杆菌属的新种。经洗涤法降解实验分析JLL对硫醇气体的降解机理,并对JLL采用碱裂解法未提出质粒,基本可以确定菌株JLL不含质粒,其降解基因在染色体上,降解过程为染色体控制。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究与发展

光催化降解水中有机污染物是一项新兴的颇有发展前任的废水处理技术,纳米Ｔｉｏ２因其活性高,稳定性好而在该领域广泛被用作光催化剂。本文系统介绍了纳米ＴｉＯ２的制备,光催化降解水中有机污染物的机理,动力学规律及其研究现状和发展方向。     

In-line catalytic derivatization method for selective detection of chlorinated aromatics with a hyphenated gas chromatography/laser mass spectrometry technique: a concept for comprehensive detection of isomeric ensembles

The combination of gas chromatography (GC) and laser-based resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) represents a three-dimensional analytical method, using the gas chromatographic retention time, the wavelength of the ionization laser for REMPI, and the molecular mass as analytical parameters. In this work, a novel analytical scheme for detection of chlorinated aromatic compounds, including isomeric ensembles, by GC/REMPI-TOFMS is presented. The concept uses an in-line hydrodechlorination catalyst for post- or precolumn derivatization of chlorinated aromatic compounds. The chlorinated aromatics are quantitatively reduced, forming their respective aromatic skeletons. These aromatic skeletons are detected selectively by REMPI-TOFMS. The first results for substance class selective detection of chlorinated benzene isomers are given, and potential applications in the field of the analysis of compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans are discussed.     

Complete removal of chlorinated aromatic compounds from oils by channel-type gamma-cyclodextrin assembly

This paper describes the complete removal of chlorinated aromatic compounds from insulating oil by a channel-type gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) assembly as a new adsorbent. Using this type of adsorbent (50-60 wt % of oil), 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzenes, 2- and 4-chlorobiphenyls (2- and 4-MCBs), 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (4,4'-DiCB), and 3,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (3,4,4'-TrCB), whose initial concentrations were 100 ppm, were completely removed from the insulating oil. Competitive adsorption experiments using a mixture of 2-MCB and 4-MCB or a mixture of 4-MCB, 4,4'-DiCB, and 3,4,4'-TrCB revealed that selective adsorption based on the shape and size of the chlorinated aromatics was achieved by the channel-type gamma-CD assembly, implying that inclusion into the cavity of the channel-type gamma-CD was responsible for the removal of chlorinated aromatics from insulating oil. It was also found that more than 70% of adsorbed chlorinated aromatics was easily recovered from the channel-type gamma-CD by simply washing with n-hexane, and chlorinated aromatics were completely removed from the insulating oil even by the regenerated adsorbent, indicating that the gamma-CD assembly can be easily regenerated and recycled.     

Reaction efficiencies and rate constants for the goethite-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction of NAPL-form aromatic hydrocarbons and chloroethylenes

The contaminants present as nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in the subsurface are long-term sources for groundwater pollution. Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by natural iron oxides such as goethite in soils is one of the feasible in situ chemical reactions used to remediate contaminated sites. This research evaluated the Fenton-like reaction of five chlorinated ethylenes and three aromatic hydrocarbons using goethite as the catalyst. The reaction efficiencies and rate constants of these compounds in NAPL and dissolved forms were compared. The content of goethite used in batch experiments was in the range similar to those found in subsurfaces. Low H2O2 concentrations (0.05 and 0.1%) were tested in order to represent the low oxidant concentration in the outer region of treatment zone. The results showed that at the tested goethite and H2O2 ranges, the majority of contaminants were removed in the first 120 s. When aromatics and chloroethylenes were present as NAPLs, their removal efficiencies and reaction constants decreased. The removal efficiencies of 0.02 mmol NAPL contaminants were 26-70% less than those of the dissolved. The measured rate constants were in the order of 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) for dissolved chlorinated ethylenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, but were 25-60% less for their NAPL forms. The initial dosage of H2O2 and NAPL surface areas (18.4-38.2 mm2) did not significantly affect reaction efficiencies and rate constants of chlorinated NAPLs. Instead, they were related to the octanol-water partition coefficient of compounds. For both dissolved and NAPL forms, aromatic hydrocarbons were more reactive than chlorinated ethylenes in Fenton-like reaction. These results indicated that the decrease in reaction efficiencies and rate constants of NAPL-form contaminants would pose more negative impacts on the less reactive compounds such as benzene and cis 1,2-DCE during goethite-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction.     

Analysis of adsorption equilibrium of volatile chlorinated organic compounds to dry soil

Adsorption is one of the main mechanisms of soil contamination by hazardous volatile chlorinated organic compounds. The adsorption equilibriums of six volatile organic chlorinated compounds to three dry soils were investigated using batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption equilibriums for the dry soils could be expressed by the Dubinin-Astakhov equation. The equation's parameters were analyzed with the characteristic values of the soils and compounds. No correlation between the values of the affinity coefficients, beta, and the molecular volume, Mv, was found. W(0) could be expressed by the functions of a pore volume of less than 10 nm, V(<10 nm), or the specific surface area, S. The adsorbed amount could be estimated using equations relating E(0), V(<10 nm) (or S), and beta. The predicted amounts agreed well with the measured data.     

Strain distribution analysis of braided composite bone plates

Bone plates made of braided composites have low elastic modulus compared to conventional metal bone plates. This low elastic modulus of ensures only a part of load is transferred through bone plate and the remaining load is borne by the bone itself, thus creating a small movement at fracture. The movement induced by external loading gives stimulus to the damaged bone tissue and encourages callus formation. It is necessary to calculate magnitudes of strains induced in bone plate system subjected to loading. The results from stress–strain curves of the composite indicate that at 1% strain, there is no danger of fibre and matrix separation. The suitability of a braided carbon–epoxy composite for bone plate application is studied.     

Identification of chlorinated dimethoxystilbene isomers and homologues in bleached paper products

We report here the identification of a novel class of compounds, the chlorinated dimethoxystilbenes (pinosylvins), in bleached paper products. Pinosylvins are naturally occurring compounds in wood that deter infections and predators. These compounds are being chlorinated during the pulp bleaching process. Two dichlorinated pinosylvins have previously been identified in bleached paper pulp, but we have identified other isomers and more highly chlorinated homologues in various bleached paper products. These compounds are present at concentrations on the order of hundreds of ppb. On the basis of the mass spectra of synthesized standards, we can distinguish the isomers in which the chlorines are located on the ethylene moiety from those in which the chlorines are located on the aromatic ring with the methoxy groups. In addition, we can predict the chlorine substitution patterns on both rings for these compounds using linear relationships between retention indexes and calculated dipole moments. The toxicity of these compounds is not known; however, isomers related to the pesticide methoxychlor are proestrogenic.     

The influence of distinct fiber arrangement on the thermo-mechanical behavior of steel fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites

The effect of different fiber arrangements on mechanical behavior was investigated by using both experimental study and finite elements analyses. In particular, this study examined resultant residual stresses and plastic strains of steel-fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite discs under constant convective air cooling conditions. Three composite discs were manufactured with an identical concentration of woven, circular and radial arrays. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite discs were measured. The numerical and experimental cooling curves were converged to correctly describe the convective cooling condition of the finite element analyses. After the cooling, the residual stresses and plastic strains in each disc were compared with one another and the results were analyzed. No thermal residual stress or plastic strain was observed for the woven fiber array. Residual stress and plastic strain found in the circular fiber array was twice as high as those in the radial fiber array. It is concluded that the reinforcement fiber array of thermoplastic composites is an effective parameter to describe their thermo-mechanical properties for the formation of thermal residual stresses and plastic deformation.     

五个紫菜品系间遗传差异的RAPD分析

应用随机引物扩增片段多态性（RAPD）技术对2种紫菜的5个品系进行遗传多样性分析。共筛选出21条随机引物,PCR反应得到147条扩增片段。根据共享扩增片段计算遗传相似性指数（F）和相对遗传距离,利用NJ法构建系统树。结果表明,条斑紫菜或坛紫菜的养殖品系首先聚类在一起,两个条斑紫菜养殖品系之间的遗传距离是0．32,两个坛紫菜养殖品系之间的遗传距离是0．31。条斑紫菜养殖品系CPY1－08A与坛紫菜养殖品系CPH8－83之间的遗传距离最大,达0．42。本文结果显示RAPD可以作为简便有效的分子工具应用于紫菜的遗传多样性和种质鉴定研究中。     

Use of the phase shift between longitudinal and transverse strains for determining material damping properties. Communication 1

Results are presented for a procedure for determining the damping capacity (inelasticity characteristic) of a material in terms of the phase shift between longitudinal and transverse strains. The effect of each element of a phase shift measurement system is evaluated and a method is suggested for ways of excluding it or taking it into account. It is shown in particular that failure to consider the hysteresis of strain gages leads to an overestimate of the measured inelasticity characteristics using the force hysteresis dynamic loop method and to an underestimate in the case of using the strain hysteresis dynamic loop method.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 10, pp. 37–44, October, 1994.     

Isolation and characterization of phenanthrene-degrading strains Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 and Tistrella sp. ZP5

Two bacteria strains Sphingomonas sp. strain ZP1 and Tistrella sp. strain ZP5 were identified as phenanthrene-degrading ones, based on Gram staining, oxydase reaction, biochemical tests, FAME analysis, G+C content and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. We isolated these two bacteria strains Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 and Tistrella sp. ZP5 from soil samples contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-containing waste from oil refinery field in Shanghai, China. Strain Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 was able to degrade naphthalene, phenanthrene, toluene, methanol and ethanol, salicylic acid and Tween 80. Moreover, it can remove nearly all the phenanthrene at 0.025% concentration in 8 days. Strain Tistrella sp. ZP5 cannot degrade phenanthrene individually but it can increase the speed of phenanthrene degradation together with ZP1. The growth conditions of strain Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 were optimized. The result also indicated that the degradation rate of phenanthrene ranged from 250 to 1000 ppm with strain ZP1 remained nearly the same, i.e., a high concentration of phenanthrene did not inhibit both the growth of microbial strains and the phenanthrene-degradation ability. Besides, the effect of non-ionic surfactants such as Brij 30, Triton X-100 and Tween 80 on the phenanthrene degradation was determined. Such two strains may be useful for bioremediation applications.