木器用涂料及涂装新技术(续)

2 2　涂料的固化方法传统烘炉用于驱除溶剂或水 ,并加热固化涂料、粘合剂和油墨。与之相比 ,辐射固化能直接作用于常以不含溶剂的 1 0 0 %固体体系的特殊配制体系。这种直接作用在几分之一秒内引发化学反应。辐射固化源所需空间明显小于传统烘炉所需空间 ,在用于高速涂装和层压应用场合尤其突出。用辐射固化技术无需排放物处理系统或溶剂回收系统。2 2 1　ＵＶ固化涂料的ＵＶ固化工艺始于低压汞灯 ,用于固化苯乙烯化聚酯。不久这类灯转向中压和高压汞弧灯。中压汞灯使用最广。这种灯通常直接置于供料线的上方 ,其长度尺寸可从几厘米到 2米…     

辐射固化材料的市场及发展

近几年来,紫外/电子束(UV/EB)辐射固化技术在国内外都处于高速发展时期。在许多应用领域,辐射固化技术显示了它的优越性。一些UV/EB固化新技术、新材料的发展,将促进辐射固化技术和产品在新的应用领域的进展。通过“RadTechAisa2001”会议报道的一些数据,介绍了辐射固化市场的状况及趋势和新领域的技术进展。     

紫外/电子束辐射固化材料的市场发展趋势

分析了1998年以来紫外/电子束(UV/EB)辐射固化材料的全球市场需求量和销售量,重点介绍了近几年欧洲、北美、日本和中国等四个区域和国家的UV/EB辐射固化材料市场的发展情况。同时,对21世纪初世界该类辐射固化材料市场的发展趋势也进行了预测。     

我国涂料辐射固化产业的发展现状

随着我国对环境、能源问题的日益关注,以及国民经济快速而平稳的发展,辐射固化技术得到了越来越广泛的应用。2007年我国辐射固化产业发展势头良好。受到世界各国辐射固化领域同行的密切关注。今后的几年,我国将节能减排作为发展工业最重要的考核指标,无疑,这对于发展辐射固化技术是一个契机。另一方面,由于电子加速器设备昂贵,我国电子束固化技术依然发展缓慢。但由于电子束固化所带来的独特优点,将会首先在食品包装、电子产品、航天航空、汽车制造等领域得到应用。 2006年,中国感光学会辐射固化专业委员会统计了129家主要的紫外（UV）固化产品生产企业的经济信息,其中原材料生产企业40家,紫外固化涂料生产企业81家,Uv光源和设备生产企业8家。相比2006年,2007年单体的产量相当,而出口超过1．6万t,增长100％;低聚物产量增长15．2％,并开始少量出口：光引发剂产量继续保持快速增长趋势,达到33.9％,出口超过总产量的70％。清漆和油墨保持12、1％和13．6％的年增长速率,粘合剂由于基数低,呈现出快速增长的势头．达73％。目前我国辐射固化产品市场的发展还不平衡．家具和印刷用紫外固化清漆涂层以及印刷品和包装材料用油墨仍是辐射固化技术最大应用领域。     

从产品拓展和市场竞争看我国辐射固化产业的发展

对2006年统计的116家主要生产企业的辐射固化产品市场作了简短的分析。相比2005年,原材料和UV产品分别增长32.9%和16.4%;其产值分别增长47%和17.6%;光源设备增长63.4%。辐射固化市场产品总值相比2005年增长32.8%。家具和印刷用紫外固化清漆涂层以及印刷品和包装材料用油墨仍是辐射固化技术最大应用领域。本文并展望了未来辐射固化技术的发展、应用和市场趋势。     

紫外光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯玻璃涂料的研制

研制了紫外光固化的玻璃涂料。研究表明，在漆膜厚度为100μm的情况下，2kW的高压汞灯辐射固定距离为7cm，预聚物与单体的比例为7：3，添加0．5％的硅烷偶联剂，固化时间为30s，其综合性能最好。用FITR表征了固化前后的结构。     

一种低温紫外固化设备

在电子、电器、数码、广告、汽车等各行各业中，已越来越多地采用塑料、纸张等基材，在其表面涂装紫外光油或印刷紫外油墨，以环保、快捷的方式实现表面改性和美观化。但塑料、纸张等均属于不耐热材料，而国内在紫外固化领域基本上采用发热量较高的高压汞灯，     

辐敏齐聚物及其进展

介绍了辐射固化涂料的分类和固化机理,以及辐敏齐聚物的制备、分类、特性及其用途,综述了辐射固化技术和齐聚物的发展情况。     

石英玻璃和载玻片衬底磁控溅射纳米TiO_2薄膜的光致亲水性(英文)

采用射频磁控溅射法在石英和载玻片衬底上淀积纳米TiO2薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、紫外可见分光计和接触角仪对薄膜相结构、表面形貌、光学性能和光致亲水性能进行表征。结果表明:在高压汞灯的辐射下,薄膜呈现出从疏水到亲水性能的转变。TiO2薄膜的光致亲水性能与衬底有关,载玻片衬底的TiO2薄膜的光致亲水性能优于石英玻璃衬底。载玻片衬底上淀积的薄膜经高压汞灯辐射240min后呈现出超亲水性能。讨论了薄膜的能隙、Ti3+缺陷位和衬底对TiO2薄膜的光致亲水性能的影响。     

辐射可固化含磷超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯阻燃剂及制备方法

本发明为辐射可固化含磷超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯阻燃剂及制备方法，以磷酸与环氧化合物反应形成的磷酸酯三元醇为反应基质，按“预聚法”或“一步法”加入二异氰酸酯和辐射可固化的单羟基封端化合物，得到的辐射可固化含磷超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯阻燃剂在紫外辐照下能快速固化，获得透明硬质固化膜，其本体氧指数为27；施工步骤简单、涂膜与基材附着力好，阻燃效率高，可作为阻燃剂应用于建筑材料、电子产品、纺织品和电线电缆等涂层中。     

The effect of different radiation sources for the UV curing of a screen‐printed,water‐based polyurethane acrylate binder

In this paper, titanium‐dioxide‐pigmented printing pastes of water‐borne, UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate binder with two different UV‐curing photoinitiator combinations were prepared and screen printed on a black t‐shirt fabric. The effects of mercury and gallium radiation sources employed either singly or in combination for UV curing and the total energy level on the printing performance were investigated. The cured textile samples were subjected to colour measurements before and after five cycles of washing, and hiding power and changes in chromacity, hue, and colour were determined. Single‐lamp applications of mercury and gallium were not satisfactory, and opaque pigment hindered deep curing, especially at thicker coating levels. It was found that employment of a mercury–gallium lamp system applying an irradiation at medium level can provide pigment printing of opaque white inks with excellent coverage, washing resistance, and medium hardness.     

无电极汞灯在紫外光固化中的应用

介绍了无电极汞灯的构造和作用原理，以及灯管类型、发射光谱的波长范围和应用领域。比较了无电极汞灯和传统汞弧灯的性能。     

微波无电极紫外光源在环境污染防治中的应用

作为光催化氧化技术中的一种新型光源,关于微波无电极紫外光源的研究逐渐得到环境领域研究人员的重视.针对目前微波无电极紫外光源在环境中的应用进行了综述,着重介绍了微波无电极紫外光源的发光原理以及此技术在水处理、废气处理以及杀菌等方面的应用,并展望了微波无电极紫外光源在环境领域的应用前景.     

Effect of pigment colour on the printing performance of synthetic leather using a ultraviolet‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder

The effect of pigment colours, cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y), and a blend of these (CMY blend) on the printing performance of synthetic leather using a ultraviolet (UV)‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder and two types of photoinitiators was investigated. The curing process was carried out at different radiation doses using gallium and mercury UV lamps in combination. The performance of the prints was evaluated with abrasion resistance, crock fastness, gloss and hardness values and K/S. Chemical changes in the cured film structures due to UV curing were analysed by Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy measurements. The highest hardness values for clear and pigmented cured films were obtained with a gallium and mercury lamp combination at the highest energy density (1529 mJ/cm²). The highest K/S was obtained for the sample printed with the formulation including the C pigment and cured under a gallium and mercury lamp combination at low energy density (398 mJ/cm²). The M‐pigmented film displayed the highest hardness and abrasion resistance, whereas lower values were obtained with films pigmented with Y and C, and CMY blend, successively. The highest dry and wet crock values were obtained with the formulation including the M pigment. CMY‐pigmented film showed the highest gloss values at all energy densities. The pigment colour affected the curing degree of printed films due to the different absorption/transmission intervals of each colour in the UV spectrum.     

UV curing and matting of acrylate nanocomposite coatings by 172 nm excimer irradiation

For UV-curable acrylate coatings reinforced by silica nanoparticles, the effect of 172 nm excimer irradiation on the surface roughness has been studied. A dual UV lamp set-up consisting of a 172 nm excimer lamp and a mercury arc lamp allowed obtaining gloss levels down to 0.5 units (at 60°) depending on the acrylate formulation and curing conditions. Moreover, UV matt-finished sample showed enhanced surface hardness and increased chemical resistance. It is assumed that 172 nm excimer irradiation resulted in a higher network density via additional cross-linking reactions.To study the depth profile of acrylate conversion for coatings cured by the combination of a 172 nm excimer lamp (accountable for surface curing) and a mercury arc lamp (responsible for through curing), FTIR microscopy as well as (Ge)ATR-FTIR having an IR penetration depth of less than 0.5 μm have been applied. Providing the presence of a photoinitiator as well as the absence of oxygen inhibition, similar degrees of double bond conversion of about 90% were observed on the entire area of the cross-section of the coating, i.e. the wavelength of UV irradiation was found to have no significant impact on acrylate conversion.     

Bromate Destruction by UV Irradiation and Electric Arc Discharge

Bromate ion destruction by UV irradiation using either a low pressure mercury lamp or a medium pressure mercury lamp has been evaluated. A low pressure lamp which emits radiation predominantly at < 200 nm was more effective than the UV lamp which emits radiation at 254 nm, since bromate ion has a peak absorbance of about 195 nm. Bromate ion was shown to be reduced to bromide ion with bromine as an intermediate. Bromate ion destruction using a low pressure mercury lamp (< 200 nm) ranged from 3 to 38% for doses ranging from 23 to 228 mW-s/cm²; 7-46% destruction was achieved using a medium pressure lamp with initial bromate ion concentrations of 11-38 μg/L and doses ranging from 60 to 550 mW-s/cm². A new innovative electric arc discharge method also has been evaluated and compared with UV irradiation. The electric arc discharge method destroyed 12-45% bromate ion for doses ranging from 130 to 1300 mW-s/cm².     

微波无极紫外点阵光催化氧化降解酸性蓝BGA的研究

以不规则石英片作为TiO2光催化剂的载体.与微波无极紫外灯形成点阵光催化氧化降解酸性蓝BGA.通过比较不同反应体系的处理效果,验证了微波无极紫外点阵光催化氧化法的优越性.实验结果表明,当反应时间为60 min、H2O2 投加量2 mL/L、酸性蓝BGA初始质量浓度300 mg/L、曝气量0.15 L/min时,其对酸性蓝BGA废水的TOC去除率和脱色率分别达到42.74%和90.17%.在降解的过程中它受pH影响较大,采用分段控制pH的方法,能够进一步提高脱色效果.     

Colour and gloss properties of pigment‐printed synthetic leather using an ultraviolet‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder and two photoinitiators at different ratios

This study reports on the colour and gloss properties of pigment‐printed polyurethane‐based synthetic leather using an ultraviolet (UV)‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder and two types of photoinitiators (Omnirad 819 DW and Omnirad 500) at different ratios. The UV curing of printed synthetic leather samples was conducted with gallium and mercury lamps, either singly or in combination, at three different power levels. Chemical changes in the cured films because of the polymerisation of the UV‐curing process were analysed by Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, which showed that the polymerisation reaction occurred after UV curing in both the clear and in the pigmented films. The Omnirad 500 photoinitiator is more effective in surface curing and the Omnirad 819 DW photoinitiator is more effective in deep curing. The Omnirad 500 photoinitiator caused the gloss values to drop significantly, especially in the formulation including both photoinitiators, Omnirad 819 DW and Omnirad 500, at a 1:2 ratio, respectively. In the formulation including a higher ratio of the Omnirad 819 DW photoinitiator, higher gloss values were obtained compared with the formulation including a higher ratio of the Omnirad 500 photoinitiator. Considering all the results, the highest gloss value of 20.96 was obtained with samples printed with the formulation of the two photoinitiators at an equal ratio (1:1) cured under a gallium/mercury lamp combination at a power level of 90 W/cm. Moreover, the highest K/S value of 10.86 was obtained with samples printed with the formulation of the two photoinitiators at an equal ratio cured under the gallium lamp at 90 W/cm.     

不同光源对光催化降解亚甲基蓝的影响

用长弧氙灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、镓灯、镝灯等几种光源对光催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果进行了比较。结果证明镓灯的效果最好 ,其降解速率高于其它光源 ,所得到的反应速率常数是常用中压汞灯的 1 .2 4倍。从光子对Ti O2 的作用机理及光谱分析结果可以证明 ,光源的紫外部分辐射强度愈高对反应愈有利。并为光催化反应中光源的选择提供了一定的依据。