星敏数据转换为参考系欧拉角姿态的方法

针对三轴稳定卫星星敏感器姿态测量数据转换参考系欧拉角姿态计算的相关问题,首先,系统地总结了转换计算的方法,给出了星敏数据计算姿态矩阵及姿态矩阵解算欧拉角的方法;然后,对工程上常用的312及321转序,从编程角度提出了一种全角度欧拉角解算及值选择方法;最后,分析了采用所提方法转换计算中的常见误差因素及注意事项,并基于分析结果给出了同步星的转序选取建议。研究结果表明所提方法是有效的,对卫星姿态确定和误差分析有一定的参考意义。     

基于改进欧拉法的姿态确定算法

本文介绍了姿态解算的传统方法欧拉角法。并提出了基于改进欧拉法的姿态确定算法,通过仿真结果的比较,证明其用于地磁传感器输出的姿态解算具有很高的计算精度。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的飞行器姿态测量系统

针对常规卡尔曼滤波算法在飞行器姿态测量系统中存在局限性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(Extended Kalman Filter,以下简称EKF)作为飞行器的姿态测量算法,使用欧拉角描述姿态建立飞行器姿态测量模型,将陀螺的连续测量值作为飞行器的短期姿态,同时用GPS的测量值作为飞行器的长期姿态校正信息.通过数学仿真证明在一定条件下该滤波器有较高的滤波精度,能够更加准确的得到姿态测量值.     

基于MEMS陀螺仪的惯性跟踪装置的设计及算法实现

文章针对增强现实环境下对真实物体的三维空间姿态跟踪需要,以新型MEMS（微机电系统）陀螺仪元器件和加速度传感器为基础,构建了一种低功耗、结构紧凑、成本低廉的跟踪装置。本装置以atmega128单片机为平台,通过对模拟信号采集、转换,进行卡尔曼滤波和欧拉角算法处理,最终计算出物体的姿态并将其叠加到虚拟空间中,从而达到姿态和位置跟踪的目的。     

基于四元数的SINS静基座大方位失准角误差建模

针对经典大方位失准角条件下捷联惯导系统(SINS)非线性初始对准模型不能精确表达姿态误差的传播特性,依据惯导系统姿态的旋转矢量表示法,提出了基于四元数微分方程推导的姿态误差模型,模型最终的表达也由欧拉角微分方程给出。基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的静基座对准试验表明新的姿态误差模型对方位角失准角范围要求由10°内放宽到25°内,提高了在大方位失准角条件下初始对准的精度,表明模型的准确性有明显提高。     

基于星像位置误差估计星敏感器姿态角偏差的方法

利用传统的反正切法估算星敏感器测量姿态角偏差时,存在因计算量大干扰算法实时性等问题。针对上述问题,文中提出了根据星像位置误差直接估算星敏感器姿态角偏差的方法。通过分析星敏感器姿态测量原理,推导出星敏感器姿态角变化量对星像位置影响的数学关系式,进而在小视场条件下,得到星像位置误差与星敏感器姿态角测量偏差的公式。该公式计算过程简单,避免了大量的反正切计算。仿真结果表明,在相同的仿真实验条件下,该方法的计算时间比传统方法缩短了近四分之一,且该方法的计算精度也优于传统的反正切法。理论推导和仿真实验说明该方法具有计算量小、实时性好且精度较高的优点,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

航天器在轨运行可视化中姿态数据的处理方法

针对航天器在轨运行三维可视化显示中姿态数据使用时的野值剔除、插值及平滑等问题,对欧拉角和四元数2类常见姿态表达形式下的姿态数据处理方法进行了探讨。基于工程实际情况分别给出了未采用卡尔曼滤波的解决方法,并采用某实测数据进行了效果检验,实验结果及可视化原型软件的应用表明该方法可行。研究结果对航天器姿态计算、可视化使用时的数据处理等均有一定参考意义。     

基于四元数的四轴无人机姿态的估计和控制

介绍一种只需少量计算就可实现四轴无人机姿态的估计和控制的新颖方法。整个算法采用四元数表示,四元数运算基于惯性测量单元(IMU)的加速度和陀螺仪传感器。姿态估计使用四元数代替三角函数,允许用加速度数据分析推导和优化梯度下降算法来减少由陀螺仪传感器产生的误差。姿态控制将当前姿态与目标姿态的姿态误差反馈到PD控制器来实现想要的目标姿态。姿态估计中用到的梯度下降算法通过四元数对应的欧拉角的均方误差验证,静态均方误差小于0.945°。实际的飞行测试可以实现一个稳定的飞行,同时验证了姿态控制算法。     

民族体育教学中的特殊姿态校对视觉监控平台设计

为了发展民族体育、弘扬民族文化,现设计一款民族体育教学中的特殊姿态校对视觉监控平台。该平台由视觉监控模块与特殊姿态校对模块构成。视觉监控模块负责进行特殊姿态数据的采集、量化与传导,讨论了该模块中的MFC监控架构、数据传导通信指令结构、主要硬件连接模式以及数据的高阶低通滤波方法。特殊姿态校对模块用于接收视觉监控模块传导出的特殊姿态量化数据,其利用Processing语言建立GUI优化数据结算空间,通过四元数结算方法完成特殊姿态量化数据向欧拉角的转化,根据欧拉角判定规则确定特殊姿态是否需要校对,并标记校对点。实验结果表明,所设计平台的滤波效果好,监控误差小。     

捷联惯性基组合导航滤波算法比较研究

针对不同的捷联惯性基组合导航滤波算法在性能上存在较大差异,开展了捷联惯性基组合导航滤波算法的比较分析研究,通过分析不同滤波框架下,基于四元数姿态表达的两种典型组合导航滤波算法,阐述算法理论中的关键异同点。通过车载实测实验比较了基于欧拉角的间接法组合导航滤波和基于四元数的两种非线性组合导航滤波在估计精度、计算量等方面的优劣性,结果表明,基于欧拉角的间接法组合导航滤波精度较差但计算量小,而基于四元数的非线性组合滤波计算量较大、精度较高,该结果可为组合导航滤波的选取提供有益的参考。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks