一种基于霍尔式传感器的随动测量方法

用霍尔传感器测量位移具有无接触、精度高等特点,但其缺点是测量范围小,限制了其在实际环境中的运用。本文介绍一种基于霍尔式传感器的随动测量系统的工作原理,使得霍尔元件的测量范围大大增加。     

基于霍尔效应的车用角位置传感器线性化研究

线性度是传感器的重要性能指标之一。基于霍尔效应的霍尔角位置传感器的霍尔输出电压可表达为:UH=KHBIcosθ,霍尔输出电压与被测角度θ之间的关系是非线性的。针对角位移变化引入的非线性变量cosθ使得普通的磁场结构难以实现霍尔角位置传感器较大范围线性输出的问题,本文提出了一种改进的车用霍尔传感器磁场结构,通过对改进后的磁场结构用有限元仿真计算和实验测量均得出改进后的磁场结构能够实现霍尔角位移传感器的霍尔输出电压与被测角度之间呈线性变化。     

用霍尔传感器测量大电流

利用霍尔效应制成的霍尔效应大电流计,其特点是结构简单、成本低廉、准确度高。在很大程度上与频率无关,便于远距离测量且不需断开回路。 电流的测量是通过霍尔元件检测通电导线周围的磁场来实现的。下面介绍几种用霍尔元件测量大电流的方法。 1． 导线旁测法 见图1所示,将霍尔元件放在通电导线附近,通一恒定电流,用以测量被测电流的磁场,可从元件输出的霍尔电压中确定被测电流的值。 此方法的特点是结构简单、操作方便,但测量精度较差,受外界干扰较大,只适用于一些不重要的场合。 2． 导线贯穿磁芯法 用铁磁材料做成磁导体的铁芯…     

霍尔效应与霍尔传感器

<正> 一八七九年美国物理学家霍尔(Edwin Herbart Hall)发现,把载流体置于磁场时,载流体中电流方向与磁场方向如果不相同,则载流体平行于电流方向与磁场方向所组成平面的两个侧面将产生电位差。这个现象后来被称为霍尔效应。两侧面间的电位差称为霍尔电势。这样的载流体称为霍尔元件。     

基于霍尔传感器的磁场检测方案

介绍一种基于霍尔传感器的磁场检测方案,通过测量霍尔电动势来测定磁场.采用恒流源输入,使传感器的输出由磁场的磁感应强度唯一确定.通过温度补偿电路减小温度对测量的影响,保证测量的线性度,通过电路调零抑制背景噪声,得到了更加精确的测量结果.     

基于霍尔效应的地下变形监测仪器系统

滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地塌、地陷等危害人民生命和财产安全的地质灾害发生前和发生时会出现地下深部的位移现象,尾矿坝在不断堆积中也会出现深部位移现象。因此,对岩土地下深部变形或位移进行监测是防御灾害、保障建筑和水利等岩土工程质量的必要的手段。现有的测斜测量仪必须由人工操作测量,且测量准确性与操作者的技术有关;还有,当测斜管发生大曲率弯曲时,测量探头无法放下去完成测量。另外,测斜管具有较好的抗破坏强度,当地下土质较软时,实际地下土体的位移大于测斜管的倾斜角度所对应的位移值。提出基于测斜和霍尔效应的地下变形(位移)测量集成传感器单元的构成,组成相应的地下位移测量仪器系统,以及地下变形(位移)测量方法,以便解决现有测斜测量仪的缺点。     

磁性液体触觉传感器的设计及特性研究

磁性液体兼具液体材料的流动性和固体材料的磁性,能够在重力场和磁场的作用下长期稳定存在。磁性液体具有独特的一阶浮力特性,在磁场梯度的作用下能够悬浮起比自身密度大的非磁性物体。基于磁性液体的一阶浮力特性,设计了一种新型的磁性液体触觉传感器。当接触压力作用在悬浮触棒的非磁性触点时,悬浮触棒的移动将引起霍尔元件处的磁场变化,进而输出电压信号。该结构能够进行接触压力、表面轮廓和微小位移的同时测量。该触觉传感器体积小,相比于传统的硅片式触觉传感装置成本更低。磁性液体相比于固体材料来说,能够在系统中起到缓冲吸能的作用,进而提高了传感器系统的耐冲击性。在0～0.09 N的接触压力测量范围内,测量精度能够达到10^-2 N量级,灵敏度3.34 V/N,线性度误差3.4%,迟滞误差1.4%,分辨率1.1%F.S.。     

直流大电流原位检测

本文提出了一种直流大电流的测量方法。直流电流信号首先经磁路转换成磁场信号,然后经霍尔传感器将磁场信号变换成电压信号后,输出到仪表放大器和单片机进行处理并显示被测电流数值。     

Prewitt 霍尔磁梯度张量系统结构设计

为实现高速磁浮轨道长定子行波主漏磁场小空间、mT量级磁梯度张量的准确测量,将图像边缘检测领域的Prewitt梯度算子进行实例化,设计了一种由8只霍尔磁敏传感器构成的小体积、低成本的磁梯度张量测量结构。通过空间冗余的手段,克服了霍尔磁敏传感器零点偏移大,灵敏度一致性差的特点,也为传统磁梯度张量测量系统传感器的空间布局提供了一种新的思路。实验结果表明,相对传统十字形、正方形结构,Prewitt结构可将多传感器上述两种参数不一致导致的测量误差分别减小至原来的-10.4%和58.1%,有效降低了测量系统对传感器参数一致性的要求,避免了复杂高成本的三轴传感器标定与误差校正环节。     

霍尔元件在经纬仪调焦系统的应用

在大型光电经纬仪电视测量系统中,调焦精度直接影响成像质量及作用距离.但常常由于结构上联结环节多,累积误差大而达不到高精度要求.本文介绍了采用霍尔元件测量直线位移的原理、结构及特点,通过试验探讨了霍尔线位移传感器请参数间的相互关系,为高精度电视调焦系统及其他应用的设计提供参考依据.     

磁场强化磁性液体自然对流传热的实验测量

磁场能强化磁性液体的自然对流传热。为了准确测量磁场对磁性液体强化自然对流传热的贡献,设计制作了一个由均匀磁场和均匀梯度磁场矢量叠加合成的新磁场。在恒定温度梯度下,新磁场使磁性液体各处密度变化均等,各处自然对流传热变化均等。从而比较准确地测量了磁场引起的磁性液体自然对流传热系数的变化,为深入研究磁场强化磁性液体自然对流传热的效应提供了比较准确的测量手段。     

Measuring magnetic susceptibilities of nanogram quantities of materials using microcantilevers

We describe a novel technique for measuring magnetic susceptibilities of nanogram quantities of magnetic materials that utilizes the extreme force sensitivity of microcantilevers. The magnetic force acting on samples attached to the free end of a cantilever can be measured as changes in the resonance response of the cantilever. The shift in resonance frequency of the cantilever is proportional to the field gradient, whereas the deflection of a cantilever is proportional to the magnetic force. The magnetic susceptibility measurement is based on comparison of the forces acting on the sample and a reference material in the same magnetic field and field gradient. We have determined the magnetic susceptibilities of nanogram quantities of many paramagnetic materials. The measured magnetic susceptibilities show excellent agreement with values found in the literature.     

基于圆环磁体阵列的线型零磁场系统研究

磁性粒子成像是一种新型示踪剂成像技术,该技术利用磁性粒子在零磁场中的非线性磁化特性对被测物进行成像,其中零磁场的精细度决定其空间分辨率,而零磁场的精细度由空间磁场梯度决定。为了提高空间分辨率,设计了能产生大磁场梯度的静磁场结构,将其与驱动结构组合成线型零磁场系统。首先设计了基于圆环磁体阵列的静磁场结构,利用大梯度的静磁场构造精细线型零磁场;其次设计了基于亥姆霍兹线圈的驱动结构及其驱动方式,确定线型零磁场扫描范围与驱动电流之间的关系;最后计算线型零磁场系统的空间分辨率,研究磁场梯度、粒子粒径与空间分辨率之间的规律性。实验结果表明:基于圆环磁体阵列的静磁场结构产生的磁场梯度为4.804 T/m,当使用30 nm磁性粒子作为示踪剂时,系统的空间分辨率为0.540 mm,此时线型零磁场能在30 mm的范围内对被测物进行平移扫描。证明了基于圆环磁体阵列的线型零磁场系统用于提高磁性粒子成像分辨率的可行性。     

Development of a magnetic quartz crystal microbalance

A new technique for measurement of magnetic properties of materials is demonstrated. It can be used for the measurement of thin magnetic films during their chemical modification. The resonance frequency of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with conducting polymer (polyaniline) suspension in poly(ethylene glycol) was observed to increase with increasing the externally applied uniform dc magnetic field. Slowly sweeping the magnetic field between 0 and 3.1 T results in a frequency-field response curve. Chemical doping was done by exposing the polyaniline-emeraldine base film to HCl vapor. The change in population of free spins is reflected in increased frequency-field curve magnitude after HCl doping. Two working hypotheses explaining this observation are offered to explain how frequency of QCM with deposited magnetic film shifts with increasing intensity of the magnetic field.     

Modeling and Configuration Design of Electromagnetic Actuation Coil for a Magnetically Controlled Microrobot

Non-contact actuated microbeads have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of its enormous potential in medical, biological, and industrial applications. Researchers have proposed a multitude of electromagnetic actuation(EMA) systems consisting of a variety of coil pairs. However, a unified method to design and optimize a coil pair according to technical specifications still does not exist. Initially, this paper presented the modeling of an untethered ferromagnetic particle actuated by externally applied magnetic field. Based on the models, a simple method of designing and optimizing the EMA coil pair according to technical specifications, was proposed. A loop-shaped coil pair generating uniform magnetic and gradient fields was chosen to demonstrate this method clearly and practically. The results of the optimization showed that the best distance to radius ratio of a loop-shaped coil pair is 1.02 for a uniform magnetic field and 1.75 for a uniform gradient field. The applicability of the method to other shapes of coil configuration was also illustrated. The best width to distance ratio for a square-shaped coil pair is 0.558 and 0.958 for uniform magnetic and gradient fields, respectively. The best height to width ratio and distance to width ratio for a rectangle-shaped coil pair is h/w = [0.9,1.1], d/w = [0.5,0.6] for uniform magnetic field and h/w = [1.0,1.2], d/w = [0.9,1.1] for uniform gradient field. Furthermore, simulations of a microparticle tracking the targeted trajectory were conducted to analyze the performance of the newly designed coils. The simulations suggested the ability of manipulating microparticles via the coils designed by our proposed method. The research mainly proposed a unified design and optimization method for a coil pair, which can support researchers while designing a specific coil pair according to the technical requirements. This study is aimed at researchers who are interested in EMA system and microrobots.     

基于磁场梯度测量的磁记忆试验

金属磁记忆检测是无损检测领域的新技术。为探索以磁场梯度为判据的磁记忆检测方法,采用自制的专用磁场梯度检测仪,在地磁场环境对棒状低碳钢进行拉伸试验。结果显示磁场梯度与应力的关系随测量方法不同有很大差异。当将试件原位放置在拉伸机上测量时,磁场梯度与应力之间没有确定的关系;当将试件从拉伸机上取下测量时,磁场梯度与近期曾经受到的最大应力成线性关系。通过测量铁磁性构件表面的磁场梯度,为非破坏性测量应力提供新途径。另外,磁记忆信号会随试件取下后搁置时间而逐渐减弱的事实,表明用金属磁记忆技术检测应力集中具有时效性。     

Magnetic interference compensation method for geomagnetic field vector measurement

Ferromagnetic interferential field from platforms is one of the most dominating error sources for magnetometer. For magnetic vector and gradient tensor measurement, what is cared about most is the effect of compensating magnetic field vector. In this paper, a magnetic compensation method is proposed, which uses host platform’s attitude from inertial sensor as auxiliary information and sets up a vectorial compensation model. By introducing three intermediate parameters, the issue of parameter estimation is linearized and solved with least squares method. Simulations show that errors of magnetic field vector and magnitude can both be reduced to several nT after compensation. Experiment has been conducted with a geomagnetic vector measurement system and results suggest that the method is an effective way for compensating both magnetic field magnitude and vectors.     

Asymmetric spin echo sequence and requirements on static magnetic field of NMR scanner

The article describes studies with two NMR sequences frequently used for static magnetic field distribution measurement. The gradient echo sequence is suitable for such measurements, it has good sensitivity and fast measurements are possible. The asymmetric spin echo sequence is also suitable for inhomogeneity measurements, but the time taken for measurement is longer. The purpose of the studies was the comparison of the features and the quality of results of both sequences under conditions of an imperfect static magnetic field. The imperfection deliberately was inserted into the static magnetic field of a low-field NMR scanner. Two common measurements were used for comparison, nevertheless due to the low-field NMR scanner the processing of the measured data was not entirely standard and processing using optimisation was required. The experiments revealed that the asymmetric spin echo sequence can provide images of a good quality and also under interference from a static magnetic field where measurement using the gradient echo sequence is not able to provide useable images.     

交流励磁三维定位系统中磁传感器设计

交流励磁定位系统可以对介入式微型医疗装置在人体内的三维位置实现非接触式遥测。在定位系统中，为了测量磁场分布范围宽、下限磁场微弱的交变磁场，本文设计开发了感应线圈式磁传感器。根据电磁感应原理，感应线圈先将交变的磁信号转换为电信号，再通过后级信号处理电路在强大的噪声背景中提取出有用的电信号，结合传感器的输入输出特性，即获得待测磁场大小。实验结果表明：磁传感器能准确测量微弱交变磁场，且具有宽测量范围、高分辨率、高稳定性和高精度的优点。磁传感器还能适用于一切非导磁环境中跨度大的交变磁场的测量，具有通用性。