淀粉接枝型高吸水性树脂的合成

以部分中和的丙烯酸为单体,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,合成出淀粉接枝型高吸水树脂。研究了交联剂、引发剂的用量以及接枝聚合温度对树脂吸水性能的影响。合成出的吸水树脂对生理盐水的吸水量达55倍,加压保水率则达75％～90％。     

聚丙烯酸钾与膨润土复合高吸水性树脂的合成与性能评价

以部分中和的丙烯酸为单体，膨润土为无机填料，通过聚合法合成出聚丙烯酸钾与膨润土复合高吸水性树脂。研究了聚合条件与性能的关系，结果表明，在膨润土用量7％，交联剂用量0．15％，引发剂用量0.5％，分散剂用量2％，聚合温度80℃，中和度60％条件下，制备的高吸水性树脂由于适量膨润土的加入，提高了吸水性树脂的吸水强度和耐盐性，并且有较好的保水性。     

微波辐射下聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)高吸水性树脂的制备

研究了微波辐射下丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)的水溶液聚合反应,合成了P(AA-AM)高吸水性树脂,探讨了中和度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体配比、微波功率、反应时间对高吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响,与敞开体系水溶液聚合法进行了对比,并用红外光谱对产物结构进行了表征。结果表明,当丙烯酸中和度为80%,引发剂用量0.8%,交联剂用量0.02%,m(AM)∶m(AA)=1∶10,微波功率1 000 W,辐射时间60 s时,产物吸水倍率和吸盐水倍率最佳,达1 350 g/g和125 g/g。     

超强复合高吸水树脂的合成及性能评价

丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺共聚合成了高分子超强吸水树脂,讨论了原料配比、温度、中和度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量对产品性能的影响。得到了最佳聚合反应条件：单体质量比为5：1,反应温度70℃,中和度70％,引发剂用量为单体总量的0．1％,交联剂用量为单体总量的0．01％。在优化条件下制得的产品纯水吸收倍率2653．0g／g,生理盐水吸收倍率137．2g／g,保水性能佳。同时,得出主要实验因素对产品性能的影响,并对产品应答性能进行测试。     

木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸系列高吸水性树脂的制备

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，制备了木薯淀粉和丙烯酸的接枝共聚物高吸水性树脂，考察了有关聚合条件对高吸水性树脂性能的影响。结果表明，在反应温度55～60℃、单体中和度78％、引发剂浓度12mmol／L聚合条件下，该树脂吸水量达980mL／g以上。     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物高吸水性树脂耐候性的研究

以丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,在水溶液中共聚制备了高吸水性树脂,用紫外灯照射法研究了高吸水性树脂的耐候性。结果表明：高吸水性树脂的耐候性随交联剂和丙烯酰胺的用量增加与丙烯酸中和度的增大而增大,引发剂和单体浓度对树脂的耐候性无影响；N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺在紫外线作用下水解是导致高吸水性树脂耐候性差的主要原因。     

聚[丙烯酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸]/蒙脱石三元复合高吸水性树脂的合成与性能研究

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚[丙烯酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)]/蒙脱石三元复合高吸水性树脂,研究了反应温度、中和度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、AMPS用量、蒙脱石添加量等对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,加入30％的AMPS和10％的蒙脱石后,产品后处理容易,吸水率达到827 g/g,吸盐水率达到126 g/g,与聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂相比,吸水速度提高约30％,保水率提高约20％,且具有很好的凝胶强度。IR谱图表明AMPS参与了聚合反应,并初步表示聚丙烯酸(盐)已接枝在蒙脱石表面上。     

聚丙烯酸/黏土复合高吸水性树脂的合成及性能

以黏土、丙烯酸为原料,Al2O3为交联剂,Na2S2O8-Na2SO3为氧化还原引发剂,用水溶液聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸/黏土复合高吸水性树脂。考察了盐酸浓度、丙烯酸中和度、黏土用量、Al2O3用量和Na2S2O8-Na2SO3用量对复合高吸水性树脂吸水能力的影响;并考察了盐水温度和不同浓度盐溶液对复合高吸水性树脂吸盐水率和吸水倍率的影响。较佳的合成条件:c(盐酸)=6mol/L、丙烯酸中和度60%、黏土的质量分数5.6%(占体系的总质量)、交联剂Al2O3的质量分数0.35%～0.40%(占体系的总质量)、Na2S2O8-Na2SO3的质量分数1.00%(占体系的总质量)。在此条件下合成的复合高吸水性树脂对去离子水和质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液的最大吸水倍率和吸盐水率分别为1300,96g/g。     

溶液法合成高吸水树脂的条件优化

以有机硅和双丙烯酰胺作为交联剂 ,用溶液法合成了丙烯酸钠与丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水剂 ,研究了交联剂、引发剂用量、丙烯酸中和程度 ,单体组成及其单体浓度等条件对凝胶物吸水性能的影响。结果表明 ,适宜的合成条件为 :交联剂和引发剂量各占单体重量的 0 .15% ,丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺的摩尔比 0 .32 ,单体含量 15%～2 0 % ,由此得到了吸蒸馏水为 1160 g/g,吸 5% Na Cl溶液为 4 1g/g的超强吸水剂     

淀粉类高吸水性树脂制备工艺的研究

以淀粉为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,硫酸铈铵为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用接枝共聚法制备了高吸水性树脂。研究了单体与淀粉质量比、引发剂浓度、交联剂用量以及NaOH用量对产物吸水倍率的影响。实验结果表明：当单体与淀粉质量比为3：1,引发剂浓度为5．0mmol／L,交联剂用量为单体质量的0．20％,NaOH用量为单体质量的30％时,产物的吸水倍率可达1000倍以上。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.