利用二维非分离型嵌入式子波系数的零树图象编码

本文讨论利用二维非分离型滤渡器组的嵌入式零树子波(Embedded Warder Zerotree，简称EWZ)图象编码。文中讨论了二维非分离型滤波器组完全重构的充要条件，还讨论了子带图象的分割和五点式抽样的问题。实验表明嵌入式零树编码方法可以用在非分离型二维子波变换情况，在低比特率时有很好的巅值信噪比PSNR。     

沃尔什(Walsh)子带分析/综合快速算法

子带编码（SubbandCoding，SBC）近年来已成为一种很有潜力的图象编码方法。传统的子带分析／综合都是以富氏频谱为基础，以一对具有混叠抵消特性的线性相位滤波器实现的。本文从子带分割的基本思想出发，从广义频率－列率入手，在沃尔什变换域上构造出一种子带分析／综合器。文中证明了该算法的理想恢复特性，并最终推导出一组时域算子掩膜。理论分析及实验结果表明，该算法无论是性能还是算法复杂度、运算速度及内存开销上都明显优于经典的子带分割方法。     

利用子波变换的图象压缩编码技术

从1988年Malial将子波交换用于信号处理提出多分辨率分析概念，给出了信号或图象分解为不同频率通道的算法和重构算法，开创了子波变换在图象处理中的应用．于波变换在时域和频域同时具有良好的局部化性能，使子波变换成为视频图象压缩编码的主要技术，专家预计在1996年将会高清晰度电视标准的子波变换视频图象压缩技术将推出问世．本文将综述子波变换图象压缩编码技术当前的进展。     

多维多分辨率分析和图像序列的三维子波变换压缩编码

最近有文献报道图像序列的三维子波变换压缩编码。本文讨论了多维多分辨率分析和三维子带系统完全重构的充分必要条件，我们对8帧图像序列进行三级三维子波变换，然后进行零树量化和熵编码，文中给出了不同压缩比下的信噪比。编码器可以在要求的任意压缩比下停止编码．如同图像的二维子波零树编码。     

基于二维APDCSF的列率子带特征编码方法

提出了一种子带编码的新方法。该方法利用二维全相位离散反余弦列率滤波器（APDCSF）对图像进行子带分解;对于低频子带图像采用直接斜交多重亚采样和基于全相位离散反余弦列牢滤波器（APDICsF）的多重旋转内插恢复．而对高频子带图像利用直方图自动阈值化提取如边缘和线等特征的图像元;根据各个子带的图像元的特征分别进行编码压缩,解压缩后利用凸集投影重建原始图像。该方法消除了传统的离散余弦变换（DCT）编码的方块化效应,与基于小波变换的子带特征编码方法相比,计算复杂度小,压缩率高,主观视觉性能好,对于灰阶图像可达到0．1～0．3bpp,特别适用于低比特率图像压缩。     

基于小波变换的多方向分形预测图象编码方法

小波图象编码属于子带编码,但是,与通常的子带编码不同,图象经过小波变换后,不但分解成不同频带（即分辨率）的子带图象,而且,同分辨率的子带图象还进一步分解成不同空间方向的子带图象。同方向的各个子带图象之间具有相似性,利用这种相似性进行图象编码可以提高压缩比。不同方向的各个子带图象之间虽然不具有相似性,但是,原图象的特征在这些子带图象中的空间位置具有不变性,利用这种空间位置的不变性进行图象编码,可以进一步提高压缩比。本文提供了这方面的理论分析和实例验证。     

M带离散时间子波变换

二带连续时间子波变换可由无限级树形正交镜像滤波器（ＱＭＦ）组产生,类似地,二带离散时间子波变换可表示为有限级树形ＱＭＦ组,该文对二带离散时间子波变换进行了推广,给出了Ｍ带离散时间子波变换,并研究了Ｍ带离散时间子波变换与Ｍ带仿酉滤波器组之间的关系。结果表明,在Ｌ级Ｍ带树形滤波器组中,如果每级滤波器组仿酉滤波器组,则该树形滤波器组所产生的离散时间子波基是正交基。     

一种改进的二维离散极坐标Fourier变换快速算法

在雷达天线、图象配准、图象检索等领域内常常需要用极坐标表示二维数字信号的离散Fourier变换(DFT).与笛卡尔坐标系下的二维DFT不同,二维离散极坐标Fourier变换(DPFT)不具有行列可分性,直接计算非常耗时.本文提出一种改进的DPFT的快速算法.该算法针对二维阵列实信号,算法全部过程可用一维运算实现,大大降低了计算复杂度并且适用于实时处理.实验中与直接运算方法相比较,显示了该算法的良好性能.     

基于DSP的正交离散子波变换系统的设计与实现

子波变换现已成为一种重要的信号处理方法．本文提出一种以ＴＩ公司ＤＳＰ（ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０）为基础的一维正交离散子波变换系统的实现方法，用该系统实现 Ｍａｌｌａｔ 正交子波快速分解与重构算法，并详细介绍了该系统的电路设计原理和相应的软件流程．测试结果表明该系统重构信号的绝对误差小于１０~( －３)。     

基于BCH和JND的小波域数字图像水印算法

为了提高数字图像水印的鲁棒性,提出一种结合BCH码和JND模型的小波域数字图像水印算法.该算法采用Ar-nold变换和BCH码对二值水印图像进行置乱加密以及编码,对载体图像分块后再进行二维离散小波变换,将加密并且编码后的水印信息嵌入到载体图像各子块的二维离散小波变换的低频子带中,嵌入强度根据载体图像的JND值自适应的选取.实验结果表明,水印的透明性很好,在遭受不同类型和强度的水印攻击时,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Invertible temporal subband/wavelet filter banks with half-pixel-accurate motion compensation

Three-dimensional (3-D) subband/wavelet coding with motion compensation has been demonstrated to be an efficient technique for video coding applications in some recent research works. When motion compensation is performed with half-pixel accuracy, images need to be interpolated in both temporal subband analysis and synthesis stages. The resulting subband filter banks developed in these former algorithms were not invertible due to image interpolation. In this paper, an invertible temporal analysis/synthesis system with half-pixel-accurate motion compensation is presented. We look at temporal decomposition of image sequences as a kind of down-conversion of the sampling lattices. The earlier motion-compensated (MC) interlaced/progressive scan conversion scheme is extended for temporal subband analysis/synthesis. The proposed subband/wavelet filter banks allow perfect reconstruction of the decomposed video signal while retaining high energy compaction of subband transforms. The invertible filter banks are then utilized in our 3-D subband video coder. This video coding system does not contain the temporal DPCM loop employed in the conventional hybrid coder and the earlier MC 3-D subband coders. The experimental results show a significant PSNR improvement by the proposed method. The generalization of our algorithm for MC temporal filtering at arbitrary subpixel accuracy is also discussed.     

Harmonic postprocessing to conceal for transmission errors in DWT transmitted images

The discrete wavelet transform has become a dominant method in transform coding, but transmission of the resulting coefficients has lacked efficient postprocessing to recover from block loss in the lowest frequency wavelet subband. This paper relates the lost coefficients to the surrounding valid ones by the Laplace equation on a square grid. The properties of its solutions, viz. harmonic functions, ensure uniform and stable performance of the recovery scheme.The method is compared with interpolative functions already used for block loss recovery, such as the bicubic Coons surface (the only reported method to recover lowest frequency subband block loss) and NURBS, used in DCT domain block loss recovery. Experiments on standard test images show uniform superiority in both visual quality and PSNR measurement.The method can reconstruct both coefficients in the wavelet domain and pixels in the image domain. We compare results experimentally and analytically, to guide practical application.     

Image compression using wavelets and JPEG2000: a tutorial

The demand for higher and higher quality images transmitted quickly over the Internet has led to a strong need to develop better algorithms for the filtering and coding of such images. The introduction of the JPEG2000 compression standard has meant that for the first time the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is to be used for the decomposition and reconstruction of images together with an efficient coding scheme. The use of wavelets implies the use of subband coding in which the image is iteratively decomposed into high- and low-frequency bands. Thus there is a need for filter pairs at both the analysis and synthesis stages. This paper aims in tutorial form to introduce the DWT, to illustrate its link with filters and filterbanks and to illustrate how it may be used as part of an image coding algorithm. It concludes with a look at the qualitative differences between images coded using JPEG2000 and those coded using the existing JPEG standard     

Low resolution region discriminator for wavelet coding

A wavelet block chain (WBC) method is used in the initial coding of the low-low subband created by a wavelet transform to separate and label homogenous regions of the image which require no additional overhead in the bitstream. This information is then used to enhance the coding performance in a modified wavelet based coder. This method uses a two stage ZTE/SPIHT entropy coder (called a homogenous connected-region interested ordered transmission coder) to create a bitstream with properties of progressive transmission, scalability, and perceptual optimisation after a minimum bit rate is reached. Simulation results show good scalable low bit rate (0.04-0.4 bpp) compression, comparable to a SPIHT coder, but with better perceptual quality due to use of the region based information acquired by the WBC method     

Motion estimation using low-band-shift method for wavelet-basedmoving-picture coding

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has several advantages of multiresolution analysis and subband decomposition, which has been successfully used in image processing. However, the shift-variant property is intrinsic due to the decimation process of the wavelet transform, and it makes the wavelet-domain motion estimation and compensation inefficient. To overcome the shift-variant property, a low-band-shift method is proposed and a motion estimation and compensation method in the wavelet-domain is presented. The proposed method has a superior performance to the conventional motion estimation methods in terms of the mean absolute difference (MAD) as well as the subjective quality. The proposed method can be a model method for the motion estimation in wavelet-domain just like the full-search block matching in the spatial domain.     

CCSDS压缩算法在红外导引头图像传输中的应用

针对军用探测中红外导引头得到的红外图像需要快速、安全、高效地传输的问题,研究了红外图像的压缩问题.通过各种算法比较,发现空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)推荐的基于小波变换的图像压缩算法有更易于硬件实现的特点.并且当图像压缩比大于30倍时,图像的失真也是能够接受的.并根据红外图像及其小波变换后系数的各子带直方图分布的特点,提出了一种改进的压缩算法.该算法是基于CCSDS推荐的压缩算法,并通过重新分配小波变换后各子带重要性因子及选择RICE中的预测器使其更适合于红外图像的压缩.同时对该算法产生的压缩数据流在无线传输过程中的容错性问题,提出了的建议及方法.经过仿真,该算法压缩效果同JPEG2000相近,且经过改进后的算法与原算法相比,PSNR提高了0.2dB.     

Wavelet image coding using variable blocksize vector quantization with optimal quadtree segmentation

In this paper, we propose an image coding scheme by using the variable blocksize vector quantization (VBVQ) to compress wavelet coefficients of an image. The scheme is capable of finding an optimal quadtree segmentation of wavelet coefficients of an image for VBVQ subject to a given bit budget, such that the total distortion of quantized wavelet coefficients is minimal. From our simulation results, we can see that our proposed coding scheme has higher performance in PSNR than other wavelet/VQ or subband/VQ coding schemes.