Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金显微组织研究

本文通过SEM和TEM研究了Ti-35V-15Cr和Ti-25V-15Cr阻燃合金在不同热处理制度下的微观组织变化.实验结果表明固溶和时效温度对Ti-25V-15Cr和Ti-35V-15Cr合金热暴露组织中α相析出量、形态和晶界偏聚程度有明显的影响.为获取较好热稳定性和室温性能,建议两合金的热处理制度为820-870℃/0.5 h,WQ+600℃/5 h,AC.     

Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0.2C合金的组织、性能及其变形机制

对Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0．2C阻燃β钛合金的微观组织、拉伸性能和变形机制进行了研究。结果表明：(Ti，V)C和α相是β基体上的2种主要析出相；高温长期热暴露(540℃，100h)后的合金晶界上形成连续的α膜，其塑性因此急剧下降；β基体在热暴露过程中发生微弱的短程有序化(SRO)转变，这在一定程度上破坏了合金的热稳定塑性；该合金室温变形以普通位错滑移为主要形变机制，热暴露后的变形结构中出现少量平面滑移带，位错的交滑移和攀移是合金540℃高温变形的重要形变机制。     

β型Ti40阻燃钛合金高温长期作用的第二相及其对性能的影响

研究了β型Ti40阻燃钛合金高温长期作用的第二相及其对性能影响，Ti40合金高温长期作用后，从β相中析出Ti5Si3相和α相，采用常规锻造工艺不高于540℃热暴露100h,Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，降低合金热稳定性能，700℃热暴露100h，Ti5Si3相明显，大大降低合金热稳定性能，合金呈脆性沿晶界断裂，采用等温锻造工艺540℃热暴露100h，晶内析出粗大的Ti5Si3相和α相，热稳定性能严重降低，呈宏观脆性断裂，采用常规锻造工艺合适的热处理制度，540℃，100h,250MPa蠕变作用后Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，合金有较好的蠕变性能，若热处理工艺不当，合金中有大量粗大的棒状Ti5Si3相和α相析出，Ti5Si3 相沿晶界连续分布，合金的蠕变抗力明显降低，采用等温锻造工艺蠕变作用后，合金中析出大量粗大的α相，合金蠕变抗力也明显降低。     

Ti—40阻燃钛合金中的第二相

研究了Ti-40(Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si)阻燃钛合金中的第二相及其对合金性能的影响。研究结果表明：固溶温度升高,Ti40合金析出第二相的趋势增大;低于850℃固溶,合金中没有第二相析出,高于850℃固溶,合金中析出棒状α相和少量Ti5Si3相;910℃固溶＋600℃时效,合金存在第二相有α和Ti5Si3相;860℃固溶＋600℃时效,合金仅存在Ti5Si3相,固溶时效态存在的第二相对合金的性能没有明显影响,540℃,100h热暴露,合金中存在的各种形态的α相和Ti5Si3析出物,明显降低合金的热稳定性能。     

第二相对Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金高温蠕变行为的影响

在相同的实验条件下,Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si合金的蠕变性能优于Ti-35V-15Cr合金.蠕变过程中,前者在晶界和晶内析出硅化物和少量α相;后者析出长条状α相连续分布于晶界.同种合金相比较时,Ti-35V-15Cr合金经870℃/0.5 h,WQ+600℃/5 h,AC处理的蠕变性能比锻态稍好,主要是因为锻态中除晶界分布有连续α相外,晶内还有一些不均匀的α相;而固溶时效处理的试样,其析出相大都连续分布于晶界.研究表明,硅化物可钉扎位错,阻碍位错运动;晶界处连续的α相起到晶界强化作用,提高了蠕变抗力;而弥散的α相降低蠕变抗力.     

Al元素对Ti40阻燃钛合金550℃热稳定性的影响

研究Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si和Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0.2Si两种阻燃钛合金在550℃热暴露不同时间后的力学性能，并应用光学显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电镜对合金组织进行分析。结果表明，Al元素使Ti40阻燃钛合金在550℃的热稳定性能显著降低；对相的分析表明，Al元素可促进合金中Ti5si3和α相的形成。在550℃热暴露200h条件下，出现明显的TiCr2有序相。降低组织的稳定性及使合金在热暴露过程中生成过多的第二相是Al元素降低合金热稳定性能的主要原因。     

Cr元素对Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金热暴露力学性能的影响

研究了Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si和Ti-25V-10Cr-0.2Si两种阻燃钛合金在不同热暴露条件下的热稳定性能.结果表明:Cr元素对Ti-V-Cr系阻燃钛合金的组织有较强细化作用,强化合金室温力学性能;随Cr元素含量的降低,合金在热暴露过程中析出的第二相减少,合金热稳定性能优化.此实验现象与Cr元素在钛合金中属于共析元素的性质有关.     

一种新型阻燃β钛合金的微观组织和力学性能研究

研究了Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-2Nb-0.2C阻燃β钛合金的微观组织和力学性能,TiC和α是β基体上的两种析出相.α相是影响合金塑性的主要因素,特别是晶界连续α膜将导致合金塑性急剧恶化.1050℃固溶处理比1050℃固溶+700℃时效热处理具有更好的强韧性结合.     

固溶/时效对Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Fe合金的力学及电化学性能的影响

对Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Fe合金进行固溶/时效处理试验,并对其热处理前后的组织形貌进行观察,测试合金力学性能(拉伸力学性能和显微硬度)。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察硬度压痕的三维形貌,同时测试了合金在海水和Hank's模拟人体体液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,时效温度影响合金α相的尺寸和β相的含量,Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Fe合金450℃和500℃时效处理后提升了强度,但塑性下降。固溶/时效处理可明显提升合金的显微硬度。通过500℃时效处理后,合金在海水中的耐腐蚀性能良好,550℃时效处理后合金在Hank's模拟人体体液中的耐腐蚀性能有较明显提升。     

固溶时效对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、时效温度、时效时间对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb(Ti-65541)合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在β相变点以上固溶并时效后,合金中析出细小的次生α相,初生α相完全消失;在较低温度固溶并时效后,次生α相和初生α相同时存在。时效温度对合金强度和塑性的影响最为显著,固溶温度次之,时效时间的影响最弱。随着时效温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,塑性提高。随着固溶温度的提高,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。随着时效时间的延长,合金强度和塑性总体呈降低趋势。在740～760℃范围内固溶处理,在540～580℃范围内时效且时效时间在4～6 h内,可获得综合性能优异的Ti-65541合金。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.