AISI304不锈钢双辊连铸薄带的组织性能

测量了双辊薄带连铸机生产的AISI304连铸薄带的力学性能,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了连铸薄带的微观组织结构,分析了微观组织结构对性能的影响.结果表明,连铸薄带内部为铸态组织,二次枝晶间距平均值为6.7μm,细小的铸态组织决定了薄带的最终组织细化和成分均匀;快速冷却有助于形成球形夹杂物,直径500～700 nm,较小的球形夹杂物能够钉扎位错;连铸薄带内析出粒子的直径20～100 nm,这种微小析出能够产生沉淀强化作用;薄带组织中大量位错、层错和孪晶的存在一定程度提高了连铸薄带力学性能.     

薄带连铸钢中纳米级夹杂物的检测方法研究

在分析传统非水溶液电解提取钢中夹杂物存在问题的基础上,优化了电解参数,提出了一种由γ-丁内酯等组成的低毒环保型电解液,试验证明能够完整地提取薄带中纳米级夹杂物。阐述了一套纳米级夹杂物的过滤技术。通过SEM和EDS分析检测了薄带连铸钢中纳米级夹杂物的形貌、尺寸和类型。建立了一种检测双辊薄带连铸钢中纳米级夹杂物的方法。     

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 本文在分析传统非水溶液电解提取钢中夹杂物存在问题的基础上,优化了电解参数,提出了一种由γ-丁内酯等组成的低毒环保型电解液,试验证明能够完整地提取薄带中纳米级夹杂物。阐述了一套纳米级夹杂物的过滤技术。通过SEM和EDS分析检测了薄带连铸钢中纳米级夹杂物的形貌、尺寸和类型。建立了一种检测双辊薄带连铸钢中纳米级夹杂物的方法。     

稀土氧化物对中高碳钢堆焊金属中夹杂物的变质作用

采用电镜和金相等手段，对加稀土氧化物和不加稀土氧化物的堆焊金属中的夹杂物进行了研究，结果表明，稀土氧化物能细化堆焊金属中的夹杂物，减少了尺寸大的夹杂物数量，使其尺寸分布在8μm以下，同时，稀土氧化物能够改善夹杂物的形状，减少了形状系数大的长条状夹杂物数量，使形状系数接近为1的夹杂物较多。稀土氧化物还能变质堆焊金属中夹杂物的属性，可以形成铝、硅、镧的氧化物夹杂和铝、硅、镧的硫氧化物夹杂，并且减少了有害的硫化锰和铝、锰、钛复合夹杂物在堆焊金属中的存在。     

铸造过程中DP590钢大型夹杂物研究

采用大样电解的方法,分析了DP590钢中大型夹杂物的类型、形貌、来源、组成及数量。结果表明,连铸坯中的大型夹杂物主要有简单的CaO-Al_2O_3型夹杂和含Na、Mn、Mg、Ti、As及S的CaO-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物,其主要来自于Ca处理后的脱氧产物及脱氧产物上浮到结晶器液面的卷渣。大型夹杂物的形状均呈不规则形状,以角状和颗粒状为主,少部分呈球状,粒径均在50~700μm之间。稳态坯中大型夹杂物含量为30 mg/10 kg,处于正常水平。头坯中大型夹杂物的数量比稳态坯高36.7%。混浇坯中大型夹杂物的数量比稳态坯高13.3%。尾坯中大型夹杂物的数量比稳态坯高16.7%。头坯中粒径大于300μm夹杂物占头坯中所有大型夹杂物的50%。稳态坯、混浇坯和尾坯中各粒度大型夹杂物所占铸坯类型的比重相差不大。     

焊丝钢夹杂物类型及分布研究

夹杂物的存在,直接影响连铸坯的性能.本文研究了某钢厂焊丝钢夹杂物的形成过程,夹杂物的类型及其分布.研究结果表明:钢包下渣、中间包和结晶器卷渣是铸坯中夹杂物的主要来源,铸坯中夹杂物的类型主要为SiO2系、SiO2-MnO系、SiO2-MnO-Al2O3系、SiO2-CaO-Al2O3系为主要组分的复杂氧化物系.     

内置式搅拌磁场对连铸空心铸坯内夹杂物分布影响

耦合求解了电磁场方程以及夹杂物守恒方程,考虑了夹杂物间的湍流碰撞以及斯托克斯碰撞,计算获得了拉速以及行波式电磁搅拌对结晶器内夹杂物分布的影响规律。结果表明,结晶器内夹杂物的运动规律与钢液的流动状态密切相关,拉速越大,钢液的浸入深度越深,则结晶器出口处夹杂物的数量越多,夹杂物的尺寸越小。施加行波式搅拌磁场可以使钢液流动加强,并减小钢液的浸入深度,有利于夹杂物的聚集长大上浮,结晶器内夹杂物的尺寸较大,但数量减少。因此,在连铸空心管坯内部施加搅拌磁场有利于去除钢中夹杂物,从而改善连铸空心管坯的质量。     

439铁素体不锈钢连铸坯中TiN夹杂物分布研究

通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观测了439铁素体不锈钢连铸坯中TiN夹杂物的形貌,结果显示TiN夹杂物的形貌为近似规则的四边形并且在光学显微镜无偏光条件下,TiN夹杂物呈现为橙色。通过光学显微镜对连铸坯中TiN夹杂物分布进行统计研究,发现在连铸坯宽度方向的中部和1/4处,由内弧(或外弧),到内弧1/4处(或外弧1/4处),再到厚度方向中部,TiN夹杂物的尺寸增大而数量减少。这是由于连铸坯凝固过程中由外向内冷却速率减小,凝固坯壳的生长减慢,使得TiN夹杂物生长时间增加,而形核速率下降造成的。这与热力学计算得到的TiN夹杂物是在连铸坯凝固过程中形成的结论相吻合。在连铸坯宽度方向边部,由于冷却速率较大,凝固坯壳的快速生成,使得连铸坯中TiN夹杂物的尺寸分布和数量分布都没有明显的统计规律。     

低碳钢亚快速凝固过程夹杂物的生成规律

薄带钢中夹杂物是影响其表面质量和材料性能的重要因素。采用真空感应熔炼和铜模吸铸的方法制取了Si-Mn脱氧后加Ti脱氧的低碳钢薄带,薄带中全氧含量为79μg/g,凝固冷速范围为240~960 K/s。利用此工艺制备的薄带中大多数夹杂物尺寸小于1μm,最大夹杂直径为8.5μm。其中尺寸在0.2~0.5μm夹杂物的数量密度为825个/mm2,其在截面上的分布规律为:表面数量最多,达1 570个/mm2,中心和1/4处数量接近。尺寸在0.5~5μm夹杂物的数量密度为510个/mm2,各厚度位置分布均匀。尺寸大于5μm夹杂物的数量密度为15个/mm2,各厚度位置分布均匀。对夹杂物的成分、形貌和结构分析显示,每个夹杂均由多个晶体组成,整体形貌近似球形,为TinO2n-1+Mn S复合夹杂,其中以钛氧化物为主体,Mn S附着在钛氧化物的表面区域。     

连铸结晶器内簇状夹杂物分形生长的Monte-Carlo模拟

建立夹杂物分形长大数学模型来描述连铸结晶器内夹杂物的动态长大过程.采用Euler方法给出了连铸结晶器内钢液流动和夹杂物的三维分布,采用Lagrange方法跟踪单个夹杂物颗粒在夹杂物浓度场中的运动来研究其碰撞、长大过程.计算结果表明:钢液的夹带作用是影响夹杂物分布的关键因素.钢液流动和夹杂物分布在连铸机内均具有上、下两个循环区,在出口处具有"W"分布特征.对于单个夹杂物,由于种于夹杂物不断吸附其它夹杂物,因此较大粒径的夹杂物具有多个突起和触手,呈簇状形态.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。