AF1410与300M钢的腐蚀冲击疲劳行为

根据舰载飞机起落的服务条件提出了腐蚀冲击概念和试验方法，考察了两种起落架材料在盐水中的腐蚀冲击疲劳行为，包括冲击疲劳寿命，裂纹萌生与扩展速率。尽管两种材料在空气中的冲击疲劳寿命几乎相等。但300M钢在盐水中的冲击疲劳寿命下降幅度较大。在盐水介质中，氢脆加速300M钢冲击疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。局部塑性变形区优先腐蚀促使AF1410钢的裂纹萌生，盐水对AF1410钢的裂纹扩展速率没有影响。     

高压容器用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究

研究了高压容器用Cr Ni Mo钢在空气中与3.5%Na Cl溶液介质中的疲劳裂纹扩展,结果表明,3.5%Na Cl溶液介质的存在加速了Cr Ni Mo钢的裂纹扩展,随着裂纹的进一步扩展,其加速作用越来越不明显。     

中碳高强度钢腐蚀疲劳研究

文中研究了35CrMo 及40CrNiMo 钢淬火不同温度回火时,在3.5%NaCl 盐雾介质中的腐蚀疲劳行为以及35CrMo 钢在3.5%NaCl 水溶液,0.1NHCl+3.5%NaCl 水溶液和空气中的腐蚀疲劳行为。结果表明,40CrNiMo 钢随回火温度升高,盐雾介质中腐蚀疲劳抗力增加,裂纹止裂倾向也增大。5.5Hz 时随介质的 pH 值降低,裂纹扩展加速。电镜断口观察表明,盐水介质腐蚀疲劳是以氢脆机制为主,盐雾介质疲劳是以阳极溶解机制为主。     

汽车钢圈材料质量分析

在试制新车型钢圈中，所选用的三种双相钢对比材料的钢圈表现出不同的疲劳性能。采用金相、扫描电镜、化学分析等方法对钢圈进行了分析。得出，影响钢圈疲劳性能的主要因素及显微组织中的马氏体含量和分布形态。     

新型低碳贝氏体钢的力学与腐蚀疲劳性能

为研究低碳贝氏体钢在热处理后的力学、腐蚀疲劳性能,采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射分析研究了一种新型贝氏体钢力学性能,并在自来水和盐水腐蚀介质中研究了其腐蚀疲劳性能.结果表明:与轧材比较,A、B、C钢轧材经正火回火热处理后,表现出更优异的综合力学性能和抗腐蚀疲劳性能;而含Si高的A钢具有更优异的韧塑性及抗腐蚀疲劳性能.含Si的贝氏体钢中的贝氏体铁素体(BF)板条间残余奥氏体(Ar)膜对氢致裂纹的扩展速率有突出的抑制作用.     

空气湿度和环境温度对高强度钢37SiMnCrMoV延迟断裂的影响

本文研究了37钢回火马氏体状态在0.5％K_2Cr_2O_7 水溶液、潮湿空气和一个气压干燥氢三种介质中,不同环境温度下的延迟断裂特性;测定了空气相对湿度对37钢延迟断裂的影响。试验结果表明,37钢在三种介质中均有一容易发生断裂的敏感温度40℃。高于或低于这个温度,延迟断裂时间均有明显延长。不同介质对该钢延迟断裂动力学的影响不同,在水质中最快,潮湿空气中次之,一个气压干燥氢中最慢。试验结果还表明,当空气相对湿度大于70％,在载荷应力强度因子较高的条件下能发生明显的应力腐蚀延迟断裂。     

工程机械用钢焊后疲劳断裂特性研究

为了研究高强钢在工程机械焊接结构中的疲劳特性,对HQ70、1E0170和WH60钢焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了较系统的研究。研究中应用了一种柔度法疲劳裂纹自动测量系统进行裂纹长度测量。用三点弯曲试样对这些焊接结构的疲劳特性进行研究。用三参数方程和Paris公式回归得出这些钢种焊缝的裂纹扩展规律及门槛值,对研究结果进行讨论。HQ70钢焊接件的疲劳特性较其它两种钢都好。焊接质量对疲劳裂纹扩展特性影响很大。由于焊接接头的裂纹扩展速率波动较大,测量门槛值时应特别小心。     

腐蚀条件下高强钢超高周疲劳性能及损伤机理研究进展

在疲劳载荷作用下，材料发生裂纹萌生、扩展直至断裂的周次在107以上的过程被称为超高周疲劳。部分高强钢机械部件需在恶劣环境中服役，服役期间承受的疲劳载荷周次高达108～1011，高强钢在腐蚀环境中的超高周疲劳问题成为影响结构可靠性、安全性的关键问题，是航空航天、汽车、高铁等领域亟待解决的难点。得益于金属材料在传统疲劳问题上的总结积累与先进试验手段的助力，诸多学者开发出多种新的试验方法，有针对性地对高强钢在腐蚀条件下的超高周疲劳问题展开研究。目前，关于腐蚀条件下高强钢超高周疲劳性能退化规律及损伤机理、腐蚀条件下裂纹萌生竞争机制及裂纹初期扩展行为、氢对高强钢超高周疲劳性能及颗粒亮面形成机制的影响等核心问题的认识愈发清晰，逐渐从对试验现象的描述与归纳深入到对损伤机理的探索与推演，而且部分研究成果已经逐步在工程实践中得到应用。本文首先从S-N曲线等角度简述了高强钢无腐蚀条件下的超高周疲劳损伤特征;然后总结了典型腐蚀介质对高强钢超高周疲劳性能的影响，并指出氢脆断裂为高强钢在腐蚀环境中的断裂机理之一;随后详述了氢对高强钢超高周疲劳性能及颗粒亮面形成机制的影响研究进展;最后对几个关键问题进行了展望。     

两种新型试验用钢疲劳寿命差异的实验研究

选用两种新型试验用钢，分析测定了它们的化学成分、金相组织特征及夹杂物分布形态；通过高频疲劳测定试验比较了它们之间疲劳寿命差异．结果表明：对同种钢而言，缺口系数对疲劳寿命的影响非常大，缺口系数越大，疲劳寿命越小；不同钢之间的疲劳寿命的差异取决于钢中的化学成分及钢中夹杂物．合理地提高材料的合金元素，有效地改善材料的化学成分的配比及适当的热处理工艺可以明显提高材料的强度极限；纯净的钢质量及合理的高强度是提高钢的疲劳寿命的最合理、有效的手段．     

Uddeholm热疲劳图谱的分析与定量评定

通过建立热疲劳裂纹图像采集和计算机分析系统，对Uddeholm热疲劳评定标准图谱进行了分析，结果表明，Uddeholm标准图谱评定热疲劳程度是不够精确的，即无法用肉眼精确地评定热疲劳裂纹的级别，针对Uddeholm标准图谱的不足，提出损伤因子概念，并制作出一套相应的计算软件；用它定量地分析了进口8407S钢和国产4Cr5MoSiV1钢的热疲劳性能，揭示了两种钢的热疲劳性能的变化规律，实现了热疲劳裂纹的计算机辅助评定。     

Antibacterial property of Ce-bearing stainless steels

Rare earth (RE) elements inhering in low toxicity have been widely used in biomedicine. The RE elements can also improve the hot workability, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of stainless steels. However, the antibacterial mechanisms of the RE elements are still under discussion and the antibacterial property of RE-bearing stainless steels has not yet been investigated or reported so far. In this paper several Ce-bearing stainless steels were prepared, the microstructure of the steels was examined, and the antibacterial property of Ce-bearing stainless steels was investigated. It was found that Ce-rich zones were precipitated in the Ce-bearing stainless steels and the volume fraction of the Ce-rich zones increased with increasing Ce content. The Ce-bearing stainless steels showed excellent antibacterial property when the amount of Ce added was above a critical value. Compared to the conventional Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steels, the Ce-bearing stainless steels investigated presently exhibited good antibacterial ability without any thermal aging treatment. The antibacterial mechanism of Ce-bearing stainless steels is also discussed.     

Evolution of textures in hot rolled Nb - Ti and V - Nb microalloyed steels

Abstract

A considerable texture gradient in the through thickness direction was observed during hot rolling of Nb - Ti and V - Nb microalloyed steels. The most intense deformation texture for Nb- Ti steels was {113}〈110〉 at all depths, whereas for V - Nb steels the plane was shifted to {115}〈110〉 ; the angular difference between {113} and {115} is about a degree. The recrystallisation texture of austenite, {100}〈001〉 , transformed into {100} 〈011〉 component in the ferrite and indicated an increase in the intensity with increase in depth for both Nb - Ti and V - Nb steels. However, the intensity of this {100}〈011〉 texture was less for Nb - Ti steels compared to V - Nb steels at all depths. The reduced intensity of {100}〈011〉 texture in Nb -Ti steels is likely to be the reason for the superior formability and improved toughness of Nb - Ti steels as compared with V - Nb steels. The {100}〈011〉 type of texture has an undesirable effect on the edge formability of steels.     

表面处理对TC21钛合金与铝合金和钢电偶腐蚀行为的影响

通过测定TC21钛合金与铝合金和钢电偶电流的方法,研究了TC21钛合金与铝合金和钢在使用接触时发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性.结果表明:TC21钛合金与铝合金和钢形成的电偶对极易发生电偶腐蚀,不能直接接触使用;对钛合金和铝合金分别进行阳极氧化处理可以在一定程度降低电偶腐蚀敏感性.TC21钛合金与钢形成的电偶对,电偶腐蚀行为与钢的成分有很大关系,对钛合金进行阳极氧化处理,对钢进行镀镉或镀镉-钛处理可以提高表面抗腐蚀性能,降低电偶腐蚀敏感性.当TC21钛合金与铝合金和钢接触使用时,必须采取有效的防护措施.     

石油管热浸镀铝工艺及性能的研究

石油管常用材质J55和N80钢的腐蚀穿孔严重影响了油田的正常生产,而采取热浸镀铝可以有效地提高其耐热性和耐蚀性.研究了热浸镀铝的工艺条件,确定了石油管热浸镀铝的最佳工艺为熔融熔剂法中的二浴法.在此工艺基础上,采用金相显微镜对J55和N80钢的镀层厚度及显微结构进行了分析,同时采用全浸法研究了J55和N80钢热浸镀铝前后在3%NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性,并利用CMP系列拉力强度试验机比较了镀铝前后J55和N80钢力学性能的变化.结果表明:J55和N80钢热浸镀铝后的镀层组织均可分为纯铝层和铁铝金属间化合物层两层;经热浸镀铝的J55和N80钢耐3%NaCl盐水腐蚀性能显著提高,而力学性能却有所下降,其抗拉强度由于高温回火、碳化物长大等原因分别降低了10.5%和8.2%.     

Influence of silver additions to type 316 stainless steels on bacterial inhibition,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance

Bacterial contamination is a major concern in many areas. In this study, silver was added to type 316 stainless steels in order to obtain an expected bacteria inhibiting property to reduce the occurrence of bacterial contamination. Silver-bearing 316 stainless steels were prepared by vacuum melting techniques. The microstructure of these 316 stainless steels was examined, and the influences of silver additions to 316 stainless steels on bacterial inhibition, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance were investigated. This study suggested that silver-bearing 316 stainless steels could be used in areas where hygiene is a major requirement. The possible mechanisms of silver dissolution from the surfaces of silver-bearing 316 stainless steels were also discussed in this report.     

Precipitation and hot ductility of low C-V and low C-V-Nb microalloyed steels during thin slab casting

Abstract

The as cast hot ductility of low C-V, low C-V-Nb, and niobium microalloyed steels has been investigated using in situ melted tensile specimens, which were subjected to cooling rates and strain rates found typically in thin slab casting. Stress relaxation tests were performed on in situ melted specimens to monitor the kinetics of strain induced precipitation in the above steels. Although the addition of niobium to low C-V and low C-V-N steels increased the temperature at which ductility began to deteriorate, ductility was improved in the low temperature region of the austenite. This was attributed to a delay in NbVC,N precipitation in V-Nb steels. Increasing the nitrogen content did not influence the temperature at the onset of ductility loss in low C-V and low C-V-Nb steels, but did increase the temperature marking the onset of the ductility trough. Faster cooling rates led to a deterioration of ductility in low C-V-N and low C-V-Nb-N steels. The as cast ductility of low C-V and low C-V-Nb steels was superior to that as of cast peritectic C-Nb steel as well as reheated peritectic C-V and peritectic C-V-Nb steels.     

Cryogenic treatment of metals to improve wear resistance

Nineteen metals, including 12 tool steels, 3 stainless steels, and 4 other steels, were subjected to cryogenic treatments to determine the difference between a 189 K soak and a ?77 K soak in improving the abrasive wear resistance. The tool steels exhibited a significant increase in wear resistance after the soak at 77 K and a less dramatic increase after the 189 K soak. There was an increase in the wear resistance after the cryogenic treatment for the stainless steels, but the difference between the two treatment was less than 10%. The plain carbon steel and the cast iron showed no improvement after either cryogenic treatment.     

Effect of mean stress on fatigue properties of 1800 MPa-class spring steels

Fatigue tests were conducted for 1800 MPa-class spring steels at various stress ratios. For comparison, similar fatigue tests were conducted for conventional steels whose tensile strength was lower than 1200 MPa. The spring steels exhibited fish-eye fractures, and the origins of these fractures were oxide, TiN and the matrix itself. In contrast, the conventional steels never exhibited fish-eye fractures. The fatigue strength of these steels decreased monotonously as the stress ratio increased, when the fatigue strength was evaluated in terms of stress amplitude. However, the fatigue strength degradation was less than that expected from a modified-Goodman line, and the best fit line was obtained by connecting the fatigue limit at zero mean stress to true fracture strength instead of tensile strength. This research also reviewed application of a power low to the stress ratio effect evaluation. In these results, the difference between the spring and conventional steels was negligible.     

New developments in carbon and alloy steels

Recent developments in carbon and alloy steels outlined in this paper include those pertaining to low-carbon mild steels, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels, dual-phase steels, low-carbon bainitic steels, ultrahigh strength steels and ferritic stainless steels. The factors that improve the cold-forming characteristics of low carbon sheets and strips are outlined. The physical metallurgy principles governing the ferrite grain refinement in HSLA steels are discussed, pointing out how it can be achieved by the controlled rolling process. The importance of sulphide shape control in imparting the necessary through-thickness ductility in HSLA steels is discussed and the various methods available for inclusion shape control are outlined. Improved formability coupled with adequate strength characterizes the dualphase steels. Among the ultrahigh strength steels, two recent developments,viz. TRIP steels and maraging steels are outlined. It is pointed out how the improved formability of ferritic stainless steels is making them compete with the more expensive austenitic stainless steels. The scope for future developments in these steels is discussed at the end.     

Si和Nb对高强热轧高扩孔钢组织和性能的影响

为了研究Si和Nb对高强热轧高扩孔钢板显微组织、力学性能和扩孔性能的影响,在CSP连轧线上进行了3种成分试验钢的热轧试制,并对试验钢在扩孔过程中裂纹的形成和扩展行为进行了分析.研究表明:3种成分热轧钢板的显微组织均由铁素体和贝氏体组成,钢板的抗拉强度均高于610 MPa,伸长率大于24.5%,扩孔率高于104%;Si含量的增加,提高了组织中铁素体的含量,钢板的强度、伸长率和扩孔率得到提高;Nb含量的增加,细化了钢板的组织,钢板的强度和扩孔率增加明显,伸长率变化不大;试验钢在扩孔过程中裂纹主要沿铁素体和贝氏体的晶界处扩展,部分裂纹穿过铁素体晶粒.