浅谈煤粉锅炉干渣除渣系统设备选型

结合新疆南部某新建规模为2×130 t/h高温高压煤粉锅炉工程项目,为了选择合适的煤粉锅炉干渣除渣系统,比较了冷渣设备、输渣设备、渣库类型和装车卸料设备等,选择了风冷干渣机、斗式提升机输送、钢结构渣库和散装机装车卸料的干渣除渣方案,既节能环保,又技术可靠。     

丰镇发电厂3#炉零米除渣系统技术改造

丰镇电厂3号炉零米由原捞渣机、碎渣机、水除渣系统改为干渣机、负压系统干除渣,进一步节约了冲渣用水,解决了漏风率,提高了锅炉的燃烧效率。     

冷渣机装置的结构改进

热电车间75t／h循环流化床煤锅炉除渣系统,运行了一段时间后,辅助设备百叶滚筒冷渣机出现大量漏渣,影响了设备的正常运行,并且对环境造成了严重的污染。通过对存在问题进行了分析和论证,从结构上对冷渣机进行了改进。改进后,既满足了生产需要,同时又减少了环境污染。     

CFB锅炉输渣系统选型研究

为了提高循环流化床(CFB)锅炉底渣输送系统运行的经济性和安全性,从技术分析以及实际运行情况上,对大型CFB锅炉底渣输运方式进行比选。通过分析CFB锅炉输渣系统的工作原理,对埋刮板机输渣系统和大倾角带式输送机输渣系统的技术运行特点进行了比较。结果表明,埋刮板输渣系统的结构较为复杂且运行维护工作量大,系统运行风险也较大;带式输送机输渣系统的结构相对简单且运行维护工作量小。对于新建CFB锅炉机组,建议采用带式输送机输渣系统。     

滚筒冷渣机能效计算

为进一步提高滚筒冷渣机的底渣余热利用水平,增加循环流化床锅炉机组收益,建立了滚筒冷渣机本体及机组系统的能效计算模型,并以某350 MW等级的超临界循环流化床锅炉机组为研究目标,计算了其滚筒冷渣机的能效指标。结果表明,对于现役冷渣机,在控制冷却水流量,提高出水温度后,其本体热效率将降低,但系统发电量增加。在出水温度增至150℃时,尽管冷渣机自身效率降至不足90%,但由于冷渣机出水可直接进入除氧器,机组发电量增加值可以超过1. 1 MW。对于新建机组,可在减少冷渣机冷却水流量的情况下维持其热效率不变,当出水温度同样为150℃时,机组的发电功率增加值接近1. 2 MW。因此,不断提高出水温度是冷渣机最重要的技术发展方向。     

35t/h流化床锅炉排渣系统的改造

论述了柴里煤矿煤矸石电厂 35t/h流化床锅炉排渣系统由湿式改为干式的方法 ;运行实践表明改造是成功的 ,并取得了显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

催化余热锅炉热效率降低原因及处理措施

催化裂化装置余热锅炉2009年由卧式锅炉改造为立式锅炉后,过热能力由20多t/h增加至38～40 t/h。然而经过两年多运行,存在一系列问题,制约余热锅炉取热效率的提高。本文重点分析了余热锅炉运行过程取热效率不高的原因,并采取相应的措施,达到降低能耗的目的。     

电站锅炉干除渣系统的应用

本文详细介绍了国产风冷干式排渣系统核心技术的主要特点和在电厂除渣系统中的应用,研究表明干排渣系统在技术和长期经济性上有着不可比拟的优势,通过不同的工程应用实践证明干排渣这项新技术在电厂在锅炉增效、节水、节能方面的重要作用,以及在使用过程中存在的一些问题。     

电厂炉底干渣的原材料性能研究

电厂燃煤机组风冷式干除渣技术因其具有良好的节能、节水、环保综合效益等优点,将成为水资源缺少、干渣综合利用好、环保要求高地区电厂替代传统水力除渣方式的理想选择.通过试验研究,对电厂粉煤灰炉底干渣这一新渣种的材性进行分析,为其进一步综合利用提供理论依据.     

75t／h循环流化床锅炉运行小结

兖矿鲁南化肥厂第1台35 t/h循环流化床锅炉于1999年10月投运,为综合利用气化灰(德士古气化炉产的废渣)、造气渣(固定层煤气发生炉产的废渣),2001年又增添了2台75 t/h循环流化床锅炉,2002年底投入运行.     

循环流化床锅炉浅床运行技术及大型化分析研究

对小容量循环流化床（CFB）锅炉浅床运行技术进行了分析总结,浅床运行方式适合于燃用褐煤及高挥发分烟煤的CFB锅炉,可降低一次风机压头和风机电耗。对于中等容量CFB锅炉,浅床运行可能会导致密相区结焦及燃烧效率降低等问题,为降低飞灰及底渣可燃物含量,需要维持足够的床层高度或风室压力。对浅床运行模式的大型化问题进行了技术分析。     

某化工项目炼油厂65T/h燃油锅炉改烧水煤浆的运行情况及相关问题的探讨

本文介绍了某化工项目所属炼油厂一台65t/h油炉改烧水煤浆工程改造精况,对厂区煤浆卸、储、运、炉前系统、出渣除尘等进行了介绍,及改造后锅炉运行情况。对运行中出现的相关问题进行了分析探讨。实际应用结果表明,锅炉负荷可达60t/h以上,燃烧效率达到97%以上,锅炉热效率达到88.5%以上,经过整改调试,能够发挥较好的经济效益。     

75t/h煤泥循环流化床锅炉的开发与应用

以兴隆庄煤泥热电厂３５ｔ／ｈ煤泥流化床燃烧技术及炉前燃料系统为基础,开发研制的东滩煤泥热电厂７５ｔ／ｈ煤泥循环流化床锅炉具有的技术特点是：采用低倍率异重循环流化床,单锅筒,膜式壁布置,留有溢流渣口及底部排渣管,采用炉前立式煤泥成型给料机由炉顶给料,床下点火。试运行表明,各项参数均达到设计要求,蒸发量可达７９ｔ／ｈ,并具有较好的经济效益。     

降低循环流化床锅炉飞灰可燃物的探讨与实践

针对2台燃用福建无烟煤的DG75/3.82-11型CFB锅炉所存在的飞灰可燃物含量较高的问题,通过分析福建无烟煤特有煤质特性、燃料颗粒特性、锅炉总体设计和运行调整工况是影响福建无烟煤在CFB锅炉中燃尽的主要因素。针对性采取优化筛分破碎系统、增强二次风的扰动穿透能力、提高旋风分离器的分离效率、改造回料风系统以减少返料偏流等措施;同时不断摸索CFB锅炉运行规律,完善和优化运行方式,应用锅炉燃烧优化控制系统实现CFB锅炉的自动优化控制运行。2台锅炉平均飞灰可燃物含量从2003年的22.17%降低到2009年第1季度的15.03%。     

Development of a novel fluidized bed ash cooler for circulating fluidized bed boilers: Experimental study and application

A novel bottom ash cooler (BAC) called compound fluidized bed ash cooler (CFBAC) was developed in this paper. The CFBAC combined the major technical features of spouted bed and bubbling bed, and could achieve the selective discharge on the bottom ash. Experiments about the gas-solid flow characteristics of the CFBAC were conducted in a visible cold test rig. The experimental results indicated that the separation chamber working in the spouted bed state had a good particle separation effect on the boiler bottom ash. A small quantity of fluidizing air was needed for the cooling chambers to work in the bubbling bed state. The particle separation effect could be controlled by the fluidizing air flow and physical dimensions such as the height of separation partition. The CFBAC had also been industrially applied in a 300 MW circulating fluidized bed unit. The application showed that the CFBAC had a well separation effect, an excellent adaptability on the bottom ash, a good cooling effect and a large ash discharge capacity over 30 t/h. Compared with the water-cooled BAC, the CFBAC had a better energy conservation performance.     

锅炉全烧准东煤沾污结渣特性分析

针对燃烧新疆准东煤存在结渣、沾污等问题,在新疆宜化150 t/h锅炉全烧准东煤进行实炉测试试验。在全烧准东煤期间,对锅炉炉膛水冷壁、过热器、低温受热面、底渣的结渣形态观测,对以上各部位渣样取样分析。结果显示,锅炉全部燃烧准东煤时存在严重的结渣与沾污问题。结合实验室试验研究及本次实炉测试试验,认为结渣、沾污主要原因是由于煤中钠的氯化物、氧化物、单质气化后形式挥发到烟气中冷凝在高温管壁,与烟气SO_2、Fe_2O_3等化合生成硫酸盐沉积,煤中铁矿石分解后与CaO、Al_2O_3等形成低温共融化合物,降低灰熔融性温度,增加准东煤灰结渣、沉积倾向,煤中高钙、高水分加速了烟气低温段的积灰。     

I/A' DCS在锅炉输灰系统中的应用

本文主要介绍针对当前甲醇装置动力站锅炉的输灰仓泵PLC控制系统的应用现状,改造为DCS控制吹灰系统,详细介绍了该智能吹灰系统的组成和智能吹灰控制系统的设计方法.该DCS系统能够实现对甲醇动力站吹灰操作的闭环控制,对于彻底改善PLC系统运行不稳定,提高锅炉机组的安全经济运行具有重要作用.     

Emissions during co-firing of RDF-5 with bituminous coal, paper sludge and waste tires in a commercial circulating fluidized bed co-generation boiler

Biomass fuel is the largest renewable energy resource and the fourth largest primary energy supply in the world. Because of its complex characteristics when compared to fossil fuel, potential problems, such as combustion system stability, the corrosion of heat transfer tubes, the qualities of the ash, and the emission of pollutants, are major concerns when co-firing the biomass fuel with fossil fuel in a traditional boiler. In this study, co-firing of coal with a biomass blend, including fuel derived from densified refuse, sludge, and waste tires, were conducted in a 130 ton/h steam circulating fluidized bed co-generation boiler to investigate the feasibility of utilizing biomass as a complemental fuel in a traditional commercial coal-fired boiler. The properties of the fly ash, bottom ash, and the emission of pollutants for various fuel ratios are analyzed and discussed in this study.     

大屯煤电公司煤矸石沸渣在砼中的应用试验

对大屯沸渣的基本性能进行了分析研究，并对沸渣作混凝土的细骨料进行试验，结果表明，其在混凝土中应用是可行的     

Study on design of Huadian oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler

On the basis of the physical and chemical performance of Huadian oil shale and the design experience of Huadian 65 t/h oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler operation, this paper introduces several main characteristics of oil shale, such as platy structure, high volatile and Ca/S content, and low ignition temperature, which are relevant to the design of CFB boiler, and analyses key design technologies of large-scale oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler. The design principles of large-scale oil shale-fired CFB boiler are suggested: (1) to adopt a II-shape configuration natural circulation mode with medium-temperature cyclone with downward gas exhaust, reliable antiwear technology and self-desulfurization technology; (2) to determine a circulating ratio of 6, hot state superficial air velocity of 5–6 m/s, combustion portion of about 0.5–0.6 in dense phase zone, and air velocity at the nozzle hole of air cap of 50–60 m/s; (3) to adopt an igniting system with hot gas generator below distributor plate and oil guns as auxiliary ignition device above distributor plate, and fluidized bed ash cooler retrieving the heat taken by hot slag. Lastly, the design scheme of 420 t/h superhigh pressure oil shale-fired CFB boiler is put forward and the general configuration and technical data are given at the end of this paper.