冷藏中低聚果糖对发酵乳中微生物的影响

对添加低聚果糖的原料奶，使用嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为快速发酵剂进行发酵后．在4℃条件下储存42d。每周对发酵乳进行微生物分析和酸度测试。结果表明，低聚果糖质量浓度在10—50g／L时对嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的存活都没有太大影响。双歧杆菌活菌数下降幅度比嗜酸乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌要快。但添加低聚果糖对双歧杆菌的存活起到重要作用。结论是低聚果糖产品对双歧杆菌有益生作用，因此在冷藏发酵乳制品中有助于提高双歧杆菌活菌数。     

提高嗜酸乳杆菌在豆乳中发酵性能的研究

测定了嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵豆乳的单菌产酸曲线与混菌产酸曲线,并采用正交实验分析了它们对发酵豆乳的品质影响及与单菌发酵豆乳贮存期质量变化的比较。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌是影响酸豆乳质量的主要因素,嗜热链球菌次之。按体积分数为2.2%嗜酸乳杆菌、体积分数为3.0%保加利亚乳杆菌、体积分数为1.8%嗜热链球菌配比共同发酵,可得到组织状态、口感风味较好的酸豆乳,克服了单一嗜酸乳杆菌发酵豆乳产酸慢、凝乳时间长、活菌数不高且贮存期活菌数下降快的缺陷。     

三株益生菌发酵特性的测定

为获得最大生物量,利用比浊法做标准曲线测定发酵液中的活菌数,研究了三株益生菌的发酵特性.结果表明,双歧杆菌S1在pH7.0、150r/min、35℃条件下发酵27h活菌为2.15×109 cfu/mL,保加利亚乳杆菌Q6在pH5.5、200r/min 、35℃条件下发酵36h活菌为4.75×109cfu/mL,嗜热链球菌B6在pH7.0、200r/min、40℃条件下发酵30h活菌为1.43×109cfu/mL.     

牦牛乳与豆乳比例、益生菌和浓缩果汁种类对发酵饮料品质的影响

以牦牛乳与豆乳为基质制备发酵饮料,探究二者之间的比例、益生菌种类和浓缩果汁种类对其品质的影响.在发酵结束和4℃冷藏21 d期间,对产品的pH、酸度、益生菌活菌数、乳酸、乙酸等参数进行分析,以探究牦牛乳与豆乳质量比例、益生菌(嗜酸乳杆菌LA-5、副干酪乳杆菌LC-01)和浓缩果汁(草莓、梨、桃、蓝莓)的种类对发酵饮料品质...     

基于产酸能力和高活菌数的益生菌复合菌种发酵技术研究

为了提高益生菌发酵乳的活菌数及发酵过程中的产酸能力,本研究以干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌为试验菌种,通过单菌种发酵和复合菌种发酵试验,筛选出最佳的复合菌种组合.试验结果表明:在接种量为5％,接种比例为1∶1,发酵温度为37℃,葡萄糖的添加量为2.5％(质量分数),脱脂乳乳固体质量分数为12％的条件下,干酪乳杆菌和双歧杆菌复合发酵效果最佳,最大滴定酸度可达到328°T,最大活菌数达到2.3×1011 mL-1,与其他菌种组合相比,提高了一个对数级,且在贮藏过程中活菌数下降速度较慢.     

超氧化物歧化酶益生菌发酵酸奶的研究

本文研究了在不同的益生菌发酵剂配比条件下酸奶的品质和口感.双歧杆菌:嗜酸乳杆菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌比例为(10∶4∶2∶2)用于酸奶的混合发酵生产,可以使双歧杆菌活菌数达到1.5×108cfu/ml、嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数达到3.1×108 cfu/ml;采用添加低聚木糖等益生元,可以促进双歧杆菌的活菌数目提高;发酵后在LABS酸奶中添加SOD,可保持其在酸奶中较高的酶活力.SOD-LABS益生菌酸奶在4℃保存21d,SOD酶活性能保持75%以上.     

酸奶用乳酸菌的人工消化耐受性研究

对酸奶尤其益生菌酸奶加工常用的嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌4支菌种,在人工模拟胃肠消化条件下进行了耐受性研究.结果表明,嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌在经过胃肠消化后活菌数几乎消失殆尽,嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌耐受消化的能力较强.本研究初步证实了嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的益生菌功效.     

益生菌发酵蓝莓花色苷的代谢规律

选用嗜热链球菌、两岐双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌进行纯种发酵含有蓝莓花色苷提取液的培养液,考察了益生菌发酵过程中活菌数、体外抗氧化性、有机酸、单体花色苷和酚酸等组分的变化情况。结果表明,发酵48 h后,三种益生菌的活菌数均增至8.0 lg CFU/mL左右,两岐双歧杆菌的活菌数最高(P<0.05),发酵后不同菌株发酵样的ABTS+·清除能力显著提升(P<0.05),其中两岐双歧杆菌发酵样品抗氧化能力最强(P<0.05);但植物乳杆菌发酵样品中乳酸含量最高(P<0.05);发酵过程中单体花色苷含量呈下降趋势,两岐双歧杆菌发酵样品花色苷组分与其它两株菌发酵的样品差异较大;绿原酸、对香豆酸和咖啡酸的含量总体呈现下降趋势,而没食子酸、丁香酸和阿魏酸含量呈上升趋势,主成分分析图中三株益生菌发酵样的分布差异较大。以上结果为进一步解释益生菌发酵代谢花色苷的机理提供了参考。     

发酵型酸豆乳工艺条件的研究

以大豆为主要原料,研究了嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌为混合发酵剂进行乳酸菌发酵酸豆乳的制备工艺.通过单因素和正交实验确定了最佳制备工艺:接种嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌的比例为1∶1∶2,接种量为4％,发酵温度为43℃,蔗糖的添加量为6％,发酵时间4h.在此条件下发酵的酸豆乳活菌数可达2.8×108 mL-1,具有淳厚的豆香味和清香的乳酸味,质地均匀,且酸甜可口.     

沙芥乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺优化

选取植物乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌以及嗜热链球菌3 种益生菌,对沙芥进行发酵处理,以发酵活菌数和酸度为参考指标,通过单因素试验以及正交试验确定复合菌的配比为植物乳杆菌∶嗜热链球菌∶保加利亚乳杆菌=4∶4∶3（质量比）,最佳发酵工艺：发酵温度33 ℃、发酵时间14 h、菌种接种量4%;基于此发酵工艺条件,测得沙芥发酵饮料所含活菌数达6.03×108 CFU/mL。     

The viability of three probiotic organisms grown with yoghurt starter cultures during storage for 21 days at 4°C

This study investigated the viability of probiotic ( Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LBA and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis BL-04) in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp . bulgaricus LB340 and Streptococcus thermophilus TAO (yoghurt – Y). Each probiotic strain was grown separately in co-culture with Y and in blends of different combinations. Blends affected fermentation time(s), pH and firmness during storage at 4°C. The product made with Y plus B. animalis subsp . lactis and L. rhamnosus had counts of viable cells at the end of shelf life that met the minimum required to achieve probiotic effect. However, L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp . bulgaricus were inhibited.     

Viability of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in fermented soymilk after drying, subsequent rehydration and storage

To develop a probiotic dietary adjunct, soymilk fermented with various combinations of lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium infantis) was subjected to freeze-drying and spray-drying. Survival of the starter organisms during the drying process, subsequent rehydration at different temperatures and during a 4-month period of storage under different storage conditions was examined. After freeze-drying, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria exhibited a survival percent of 46.2-75.1% and 43.2-51.9%, respectively, higher than that noted after spray-drying. Regardless of the drying condition, S. thermophilus showed a higher percentage of survival than L. acidophilus, while B. longum survived better than B. infantis. Further study with soymilk fermented with S. thermophilus and B. longum revealed that the freeze-dried and spray-dried fermented soymilk rehydrated at 35-50 degrees C and 20 degrees C, respectively, was optimum for the recovery of the starter organisms. Both S. thermophilus and B. longum survived better in the freeze-dried than the spray-dried fermented soymilk during storage. A higher percent of survival was also noted for both the starter organisms when the dried fermented soymilk was stored at 4 degrees C than 25 degrees C. Holding the dried fermented soymilk in the laminated pouch enabled S. thermophilus and B. longum to exhibit a higher percentage of survival than in the deoxidant- and desiccant-containing glass or polyester (PET) bottle. Among all the packaging materials and storage temperatures tested, starter organisms were most stable in the dried fermented soymilk held in laminated pouch and stored at 4 degrees C. Under this storage condition, S. thermophilus and B. longum showed a survival percentage of 51.1% and 68.8%, respectively, in the freeze-dried fermented soymilk after 4 months of storage. Meanwhile, S. thermophilus and B. infantis in the spray-dried fermented soymilk showed a survival percent of 29.5% and 57.7%, respectively.     

益生菌发酵苹果汁工艺优化及有机酸的变化

以红富士苹果为原料,进行乳酸菌发酵苹果汁工艺条件优化并分析发酵期间苹果汁有机酸的变化。选择Lactobacillus paracasei 20241、Bifidobacterium animalis 6165、Streptococcus thermophilus 6063和Lactobacillus acidophilus 6005混合发酵苹果汁,以活菌数和感官评分为主要指标,在单因素试验基础上进行响应面优化试验,研究不同的菌种比例、接种量、发酵时间等对苹果汁活菌数和感官评分的影响。结果表明,乳酸菌发酵苹果汁的优化工艺条件为菌种比例1∶1∶1∶1、接种量2%、发酵时间24 h、发酵温度37℃,在此条件下得到的活菌数为1.985×108 CFU/mL,感官评分为80.23分。采用最佳工艺条件发酵苹果汁,利用高效液相色谱法对发酵过程中苹果汁有机酸的变化情况进行分析,结果表明:经过发酵后,苹果酸和琥珀酸含量下降明显(P0.05),而乳酸、奎宁酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、丙酮酸和莽草酸含量均显著提高(P0.05)。     

发酵奶中乳酸菌菌种检出及活菌计数调查

目的分析北京市场发酵奶(酸奶)在保质期内的乳酸菌数及乳酸菌菌种的检出率。方法对11个酸奶厂家的20种不同酸奶产品进行乳酸菌活菌计数及所用菌种的检验。结果在保质期间,双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌检出率分别为23.08%和27.27%;保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌分别为72.22%和94.44%。在保质期末,嗜热链球菌的平均活菌数为3.23×106CFU/ml,保加利亚乳杆菌为4.17×105CFU/ml,双歧杆菌为1.12×104CFU/ml,嗜酸乳杆菌为1.32×104CFU/ml。结论酸奶中嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的检出率及活菌数均高于双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌。     

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus和Streptococcus thermophilus接种比例对Bifidobacterium lactis益生菌发酵乳品质的影响

将Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND02(LB-ND02)和Streptococcus thermophilus ND03(ST-ND03)按1∶1、1∶10、1∶100、1∶1000接种于脱脂乳中,同时接入益生菌Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9,接种量为2.0×107g-1),于42℃进行发酵。通过对发酵及贮藏过程中发酵乳指标的测定,评价LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例对发酵乳品质的影响。结果表明,随着LB-ND02接种比例减小,凝乳时间显著延长,B.lactis V9活菌数显著提高。4℃贮藏28 d后,随LB-ND02接种比例减小,B.lactis V9存活率差异显著,后酸化也显著减弱。研究发现,LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例,显著影响发酵乳的发酵时间、B.lactis V9活菌数、后酸化及黏度。     

青脆李益生菌饮品的发酵工艺优化及冷藏对其品质的影响

探索青脆李益生菌饮品适宜的发酵菌株、工艺参数及贮藏条件,为青脆李益生菌饮品开发提供解决方案。对嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌及其组合发酵的益生菌饮品感官评价、pH变化进行研究,确定适宜的发酵菌株组合;对其发酵适宜接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间工艺参数进行优化,优化发酵工艺参数;对4 ℃冷藏条件益生菌饮品可滴定酸、pH、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量及活菌落总数变化等进行研究,获得适宜的贮藏条件。结果显示:青脆李益生菌饮品适宜发酵菌株组合为植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌混合菌株1:1:1,发酵温度25 ℃、发酵时间44 h,接种量0.7‰。验证实验表明感官评分高达9.2。4 ℃冷藏益生菌饮品30 d,可滴定酸含量、pH、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量均基本保持稳定,且活菌落总数20 d达8.6×107 CFU·mL?1、30 d达2.0×106 CFU·mL?1,满足活性乳酸菌饮品要求,表明利用青脆李为原料研发益生菌饮品具有可操作性。     

Antioxidative activities of soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria

To further the goal of developing a probiotic dietary adjunct using soymilk, soymilk is fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus CCRC 14079 or Streptococcus thermophilus CCRC 14085) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium infantis CCRC 14633 or Bifidobacterium longum B6) individually, and in conjunction. We investigate several antioxidative activities including the inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation, the scavenging effect of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and the reducing activity exerted by different varieties of fermented soymilks. In addition, the effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying on changes in antioxidative activity is examined. We find that in fermented soymilk both the inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation, and the reducing activity and scavenging effect of superoxide anion radicals varied with the starters used, but nevertheless are significantly higher than those found in unfermented soymilk. In general, antioxidative activity in soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria simultaneously is significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that fermented with either individually. Moreover, antioxidative activity increases as the fermentation period is extended. However, unfermented soymilk shows an H2O2-scavenging effect, while there is no scavenging effect except for the accumulation of H2O2 in fermented soymilk. Finally, we find that freeze-drying causes a significantly lesser (P < 0.05) reduction in the antioxidative activity of soymilk than does spray-drying. Irrespective of the drying method and the starters used for fermentation. The antioxidative activity of fermented soymilk reduces after drying yet remains higher than that of dried unfermented soymilk.     

EFFECT OF COLD STORAGE ON CULTURE VIABILITY AND SOME RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FERMENTED MILK PREPARED WITH YOGURT AND PROBIOTIC BACTERIA

ABSTRACT

We examined the effect of storage time on culture viability and some rheological properties (yield stress, storage modulus, loss modulus, linear viscoelastic region, structural recuperation and firmness) of fermented milk made with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in coculture with Streptococcus thermophilus (ST). Acidification profiles and factors that affect viability (postfermentation acidification, acidity and dissolved oxygen) were also studied during 35 days at 4C. Fermented milk prepared with a coculture of ST and Bifidobacterium lactis gave the most constant rheological behavior and the best cell viability during cold storage; it was superior to ST plus LA for probiotic fermented milk production.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Probiotic cultures should grow quickly in milk, provide adequate sensory and rheological properties to the product, and remain viable during storage. Commercially, it is very common to use yogurt starter culture (i.e. Streptococcus thermophilus[ST] and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) in combination with the probiotic bacteria in order to reduce fermentation time. However, LB tends to post acidify fermented milk, which reduces the viability of the probiotic bacteria; thus, it is recommended to use starter cultures devoid of this species. We found that the technological properties and the viability of the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BL O4 in coculture with ST make it suitable for probiotic fermented milk production; it produces rheological characteristics similar to those of yogurt.     

Transformation of isoflavone phytoestrogens during the fermentation of soymilk with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria

In the present study, soymilk is fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus BCRC 14085, Lactobacillus acidophilus BCRC 14079) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium infantis BCRC 14633, B. longum B6) individually, and in combination. The change in the content of various isoflavones (aglycones, glucoside, acetyl- and malonyl-glucosides) and the beta-glucosidase activity in soymilk during fermentation is investigated. It is observed that fermented soymilk contains a lower total isoflavone content (81.94-86.61 microg/ml) than soymilk without fermentation (87.61 microg/ml). Regardless of starter organism employed, fermentation causes a major reduction in the contents of glucoside, malonylglucoside and acetylglucoside isoflavones along with a significant increase of aglycone isoflavones content. The level of change in the content of various isoflavones and beta-glucosidase activity after fermentation varies with the starter organism. Among all the fermented soymilks tested, soymilk fermented with S. thermophilus showed the highest beta-glucosidase activity and the greatest increase in the contents of aglycones. The percentage of daidzein, genistein and glycitein to total isoflavone content in S. thermophilus-fermented soymilk increases from an initial 14.24%, 6.89% and 2.45%, respectively, to 36.20%, 28.80% and 12.44% after 24h of fermentation. Finally, the increase of aglycones and decrease of glucoside isoflavones during fermentation coincides with the increase of beta-glucosidase activity observed in fermented soymilk.