微波真空冷冻干燥对芒果干制品品质特性的影响

为获得较优的芒果干燥方法,以复水性、感官为评价指标,比较微波真空冷冻干燥、热板真空冷冻干燥和热风干燥3种不同干燥方法对芒果干制品品质的影响。结果表明：真空冷冻干燥法的产品各项指标均优于热风干燥法。微波真空冷冻干燥的产品复水性最好,25℃与100℃最大复水比分别为3.363、3.674;其次为热板真空冷冻干燥,两温度条件下与微波真空冷冻干燥产品复水比相差较小;热风干燥产品复水性最差,分别为2.140、3.028。感官指标中色泽、香气和口味3方面均为：微波真空冷冻干燥＞热板真空冷冻干燥＞热风干燥。     

热风与微波联合干燥香蕉片的工艺研究

应用热风-微波(AD + MD)联合干燥方式,通过L16(45)正交试验,探讨香蕉片联合干燥过程中热风温度、风速、干燥转换点的物料含水率、微波功率对干燥速率的影响;并以成品色差L值、复水率、VC含量、质构和复水率为指标,对联合干燥、热风干燥(AD)和真空冷冻干燥(FD)的产品进行比较.结果表明,热风-微波联合干燥方式的干燥速率快,能耗低,产品品质与真空冷冻干燥的产品相近;其最佳工艺条件为:先在热风温度65 ℃,风速2.4 m/s条件下干燥至物料的含水率为55%,再在微波功率为200 W条件下干燥至成品.     

杏鲍菇热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺参数优化

利用不同组合的热风-微波真空联合干燥对杏鲍菇做单因素试验,并与热风干燥和微波真空干燥比较;以热风温度(X1)、转换含水率(X2)、微波功率(X3)为试验因素,色差(Y1)、复水比(Y2)、氨基酸(Y3)、能耗(Y4)为试验指标,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计做优化试验;通过线性加权法,求出联合干燥的综合优化工艺。结果表明,联合干燥产品品质最好,色差和复水性比微波真空干燥好,氨基酸破坏小,能耗比热风干燥节省。优化试验结果是:微波功率和热风温度对色差和复水比影响极显著,在热风温度60~64℃,微波功率2~3 kW区间获得较好的复水比和色差;微波功率和转换含水率对产品氨基酸影响极显著,转换含水率47%~60%,微波功率1.7~3 kW,产品中氨基酸保持好;热风温度和转换含水率对能耗的影响极显著,热风干燥时间长,能耗高。高品质、低能耗的联合干燥工艺最佳参数组合是:热风温度73.55℃、转换含水率60%、微波功率2.65 kW。     

香菇干燥中热泵法优势研究

系统研究了热风干燥、微波真空干燥和热泵干燥三种干燥技术对香菇收缩率、复水率、感官品质和能耗的影响,结果表明:热风干燥的香菇收缩率最高,复水性能最差;热泵干燥的香菇收缩率最低,复水性能最好;热泵干燥的干制香菇感官评分最高,其次是微波真空干燥,热风干燥的干制香菇的感官得分最低;对热风干燥、微波真空干燥和热泵干燥三种干燥技术进行能耗计算,其中热泵干燥消耗的能量最小,其次是微波真空干燥,热风干燥耗能最大。综合热风干燥、微波真空干燥和热泵干燥三种干燥技术对香菇品质影响的研究结果表明:与热风干燥和微波真空干燥技术相比,运用热泵干燥技术干燥的香菇产品综合品质最优。     

热风和微波预脱水对胡萝卜真空冷冻干燥效果的影响

本文通过测定热风和微波预脱水对胡萝卜真空冷冻干燥的时间以及产品复水率、感官评定和色差,比较了两种脱水预处理的效果。通过研究得出:最佳热风预脱水处理的条件为温度50℃,干燥时间1h,可缩短干燥时间2h。最佳微波预脱水处理的功率为800W,预处理时间50s,可缩短干燥时间3h,节能百分比为20%,并且产品的质量最好。     

干燥方式对脱水菠菜质量特性的影响

为研究不同干燥方法对脱水菠菜理化特性的影响。将样品分别采用热风干燥,微波干燥,真空干燥,微波-真空干燥进行干燥处理,分别测定干燥后叶绿素保存率、维生素C保存率、产品的复水性和质构特性。结果表明,微波-真空干燥脱水菠菜不仅叶绿素保存率和维生素C保存率高,产品的复水性好、质构特性好,而且干燥时间短,是一种较好的脱水菠菜制备方法。     

不同干燥工艺对南美白对虾仁品质的影响

以南美白对虾仁为实验原料,研究了热风干燥、微波干燥、热风联合微波喷动干燥和真空冷冻干燥对南美白对虾的影响,并且以干燥速率、复水率、色泽变化、质构以及脂肪氧化等指标进行比较。研究结果表明:真空冷冻干燥得到产品的品质最好,但是干燥时间是热风干燥的2.25倍,是微波干燥和热风联合微波干燥的9倍和10.3倍;热风联合干燥能够克服单一微波干燥的不均匀性,且干燥后样品的品质最接近于真空冷冻干燥,因此热风联合微波喷动干燥是一种具有发展前景的干燥方法。     

茭白热风-微波联合喷动干燥的复水性研究

以茭白为原料,复水率为评价指标,采用响应面法优化干燥工艺参数,探讨茭白颗粒热风-微波联合喷动干燥的效果。不同喷动干燥方式研究表明:热风-微波联合喷动干燥条件对茭白复水率影响显著(p<0.05)。响应面优化最佳参数表明,进风温度52℃,颗粒大小8mm,微波功率2.7W/g。在此最佳条件下,茭白复水率达到3.05,试验结果与模型预测值吻合度达99%。方差分析表明,颗粒大小、微波功率对茭白复水性影响极显著(p<0.01),温度(A)与颗粒大小(B)交互项对复水率影响显著(p<0.05)。优化后的工艺参数为茭白微波喷动干燥技术的工业化应用提供理论依据。     

冷冻预处理及负压微波喷动干燥对脱水牛蒡品质的影响

以牛蒡为主要原料,在干燥腔内真空压力波动范围为12~21 kPa的条件下,研究喷动频率、微波功率,以及预处理方式,对负压微波喷动干燥(PSMVD)牛蒡片的干燥特性及质构、收缩率、复水比、感官评分、色泽等品质的影响。结果表明:喷动频率、微波功率,以及预处理方式对其影响较大,当喷动频率为3.3 r/min,微波功率为19.8 W/g,采用冷冻预处理(-18℃,12 h)的方式,所得到的牛蒡产品色泽佳、质地松脆、风味浓郁、保质期长。     

桃脆片的微波真空干燥工艺研究

为提高果蔬干制产品质量,降低干燥能耗,通过单因素及正交实验,研究了微波功率、干燥时间、物料厚度对桃脆片干燥特性的影响,确定了桃片微波真空干燥的最佳工艺条件,并将热风干燥桃片和微波真空干燥桃片在产品外观、营养成分、质构方面进行比较,结果表明:最佳工艺条件为微波功率600W,切片厚度3mm,干燥时间120min。微波真空干燥更适合于桃脆片产品的干燥,其产品的各项物理、化学性质均优于热风干燥产品。     

热风、微波及其联合干燥对蒜片品质的影响

为研究热风、微波及其联合干燥对蒜片品质的影响,以大蒜片为原料,以干燥速率、硫代亚磺酸酯含量、感官评分、色泽L值、复水比和综合得分为指标,比较不同热风温度和微波功率对蒜片干燥特性和品质的影响,并以热风温度、转换点干基含水量、微波功率为实验因素,设计L₉(33)正交实验对热风微波联合干燥蒜片的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:60 ℃热风干燥和550 W微波干燥所得蒜片干品的综合得分较高,分别为83.64和80.74分。热风温度和微波功率对联合干燥蒜片的综合得分影响极显著(p<0.01);转换点干基含水量对综合得分影响显著(p<0.05)。热风微波联合干燥蒜片的最佳工艺条件为前期热风65 ℃干燥至转换点干基含水量1.00 g/g,后期采用功率550 W微波干燥至干基含水量0.18 g/g。在此条件下,联合干燥制备脱水蒜片的干燥速率最快,硫代亚磺酸酯含量最高为1.7739 mmol/100 g,综合得分最高为92.21分,感官品质较好。因此,热风微波联合干燥技术是适合蒜片干燥的较好方法。     

Two-Stage Intermittent Microwave Coupled with Hot-Air Drying of Carrot Slices: Drying Kinetics and Physical Quality

To display the advantages of two-stage intermittent microwave coupled with hot-air (60 °C) drying (IM&AD), different drying methods were compared. The activation power density of samples dried by IM&AD increased slightly and then rapidly as moisture content decreased. Drying kinetics, specific energy consumption and dried product quality, such as colour, rehydration ratio and α- and β-carotene contents, of carrot dried by IM&AD under the optimum conditions were assessed and compared with those of carrot dried by hot-air (60 °C) drying, hot-air (60 °C) drying followed by low-power microwave (145 W) drying, high-power microwave (175 W) drying followed by hot-air (60 °C) drying and high-power microwave (175 W) drying followed by low-power microwave (145 W) drying. The effective diffusivity increased gradually and then rapidly as moisture content decreased in all five drying processes. The IM&AD is a promising way for industrial application because it showed the lowest drying time with relatively low energy consumption and provided the best quality of final products with the best colour appearance, highest rehydration ratio and highest α- and β-carotene contents.     

MICROWAVE and SPOUTED BED DRYING of FROZEN BLUEBERRIES: the EFFECT of DRYINGAND PRETREATMENT METHODS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES and RETENTION of FLAVOR VOLATILES

Frozen blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L cv. 'Elliott') were dried in a microwave and spouted bed combined dryer (MWSB) at 70C air temperature and 3.7 W/g microwave power (wet material). the effect of pretreatment using a 2.5% Ethyl Oleate & 0.2 NaOH dipping solution followed by sucrose osmotic treatment was investigated. the drying kinetics of MWSB drying was compared with spouted bed (SB) drying with dipping treatment, and with tray drying. the rehydration ratio, the color, and the bulk density of MWSB dried blueberries were compared with those of freeze, tray, and SB drying. the drying time needed to reduce blueberry moisture content from 82.5% to 15% (wet basis) using MWSB drying was 1/19 and 1/24 (with and without pretreatment) of the time for tray drying. the MWSB drying resulted in a low bulk density and more reddish and less blue color compared with other methods. MWSB dried frozen blueberries exhibited a higher rehydration ratio in short soaking times. Analysis of flavor volatiles by GC/MS identified ten heat-generated compounds. Microwave heating generated three unique flavor compounds (2-Butanone, 2-methyl butanal, and 3-methyl butanal). Freeze-dried frozen blueberries lost several flavor compounds including the typical blueberry aroma, the 1, 8-Cineole.     

响应面法优化微波-热风脱水冻豆腐干燥工艺及其品质评价

为解决冻豆腐储运成本高、耗能大的问题,本研究采用微波与热风联合干燥制备脱水冻豆腐。通过考察含水率和复水率,确定了先微波后热风（M-H）的干燥顺序。以干燥速率、复水率及色差为考察指标,通过单因素和响应曲面实验优化工艺条件为,以微波功率516 W进行微波干燥、在转换点含水率为37%时转热风干燥,热风干燥的温度为68 ℃。干燥后的脱水冻豆腐经复水后,其弹性、咀嚼性和内聚性分别为0.963 mm?1、5810 g、0.79,复水率达到531.97%,色泽变暗;SEM表征及切面结构结果显示,经过干燥后的冻豆腐凝胶网络结构更加紧凑,孔隙变得更加均匀。     

不同干燥方法对海芦笋干品品质的影响

分别采用热风(80℃,4h)、微波(420kW,5min后140kW,5min)及冷冻干燥(冷阱盘管温度－60℃,真空度13.48Pa以下)对海芦笋进行干燥,探讨3种方法对海芦笋干品感官品质,VC、叶绿素、粗纤维、氯化钠和总糖等物质的含量,复水性的影响。结果表明：80℃热风干燥海芦笋干品感官较差,复水性差,叶绿素保持率低,VC及总糖损失多;冷冻干燥能显著减少色泽变化,复水性好,干品中总糖、叶绿素含量较高;微波干燥效果介于热风干燥和冷冻干燥之间。3种干燥方法对海芦笋干品NaCl含量没有影响。     

不同干燥方式对橄榄果粉品质的影响

比较微波干燥、热风干燥、真空干燥以及真空冷冻干燥对橄榄果粉外观色泽、物理特性、营养成分及微观结构等品质的影响。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥橄榄果粉色泽较佳,具有较高亮度和最低的红绿度,最接近鲜食橄榄绿色色泽;热风干燥和真空干燥所得果粉吸油性较低,吸湿性较高,热风干燥的果粉堆积密度和溶解度均最高,真空冷冻干燥的果粉堆积密度最低,吸湿率低,复水性、流动性、吸油性和溶解度均较高,微波干燥的果粉含水率最高,复水性、吸湿率、堆积密度、吸油性和溶解度均较低;微波干燥的还原糖、总酸含量损失较小,热风干燥的类黄酮损失较小,真空干燥的总糖和总酚含量损失较小,真空冷冻干燥的蛋白质含量损失较小。扫描电镜观察微观结构发现微波干燥和真空冷冻干燥果粉颗粒间空隙大,组织较光滑完整,皱缩少,热风干燥和真空干燥果粉颗粒间空隙小,部分皱缩。通过主成分分析品质综合得分结果为:真空冷冻干燥>真空干燥>热风干燥>微波干燥。     

微波-热风联用制取笋干工艺条件优化

为获得干燥时间短、干燥品质好的笋干,以竹笋为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,根据中心组合试验设计原理,分析微波干燥功率、微波干燥时间和热风干燥温度3 个因素对笋干感官评分、总干燥时间、复水比、色差和硬度指标的影响,以确定微波-热风联用制取笋干最佳工艺条件。结果表明,制取笋干的最佳工艺条件为：微波干燥功率6.3 W/g、微波干燥时间60 s、热风干燥温度65 ℃。在此条件下得到的笋干感官评分85.6、总干燥时间200 min、复水比6.17,干制品色差ΔE* 19.99、复水制品色差ΔE* 13.92、干制品硬度19 511.23 g、复水制品硬度20010.71 g,该工艺研究结果可为笋干产业化发展提供理论支持。     

Modeling dehydration and rehydration of cooked soybeans subjected to combined microwave–hot-air drying

Pre-cooked soybeans were subjected to convective hot-air, microwave and combined microwave–hot-air dehydration. Three microwave levels (210, 300, 560 W) and three air temperatures (160, 180, 200 °C) were examined. Drying kinetics, rehydration kinetics and colour change were investigated relative to microwave level and air temperature. Combined microwave–hot-air drying decreased the drying time required when compared to drying with either hot-air or microwave energy alone. Predictive models were developed to describe dehydration and rehydration kinetics. Dehydration rate, rehydration rate and total colour change of rehydrated product generally increased with microwave level and air temperature. Within the studied range, optimal drying occurred for the lowest levels of both microwave and air temperature studied, i.e. microwave power = 210 W, air temperature = 160 °C.Industrial relevanceApplication of microwave energy simultaneously with convective hot-air drying to pre-cooked soybeans was up to four times faster when compared to convective drying alone, and up to twice as fast when compared to microwave drying alone. Rehydration time for soybeans subjected to combined microwave–hot-air drying was 50–60% less than for legumes subjected to either convective or microwave drying alone. Therefore, application of combined microwave–hot-air drying to pre-cooked soybeans resulted in significant saving in process time, while also producing a dehydrated product with fast rehydration properties.