Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

高酸原油电脱盐存在的问题及对策

对高酸原油电脱盐过程中存在的问题以及解决方案进行了阐述和总结。高酸油加工电脱盐存在的问题主要包括油水乳化严重、脱盐脱水不达标和脱盐电流大等。文章从电脱盐工艺条件、新设备和脱盐药剂等3个方面介绍了解决这些问题的方法。依据高酸原油密度大、酸值高、金属含量高的特点,应强化电脱盐工艺操作条件,适当提高温度、洗涤水注量及混合强度,并严格控制洗涤水pH值;设计原油直接进入电场区域以及脉冲供电电源、超声波辅助脱盐系统等可在一定程度上提高高酸油的脱盐效果;一些助剂如脱金属剂、润湿剂、沥青质分散剂,尤其是脱金属剂的应用能够明显改善油水乳化程度以及提高脱盐脱水率,使原油含水小于0.3%,盐的质量浓度小于2 mg/L。但仍需从高酸油形成乳化液的组成、形态及界面性质方面进行深入研究。     

塔河重质原油电脱盐问题探讨

对塔河重质原油的性质及现役电脱盐装置的运行状况进行了分析,结果表明:塔河原油具有密度大、黏度高、沥青质较多、杂质较多及乳化程度复杂等特点,加上现役电脱盐装置的内部结构不合理,造成处理塔河原油的电脱盐装置脱盐效果差。针对以上问题,提出了简化电场、压缩极板间距、减小极板面积和提高极板安装高度等改进建议。     

原油脱盐脱水技术研究进展

介绍了各种原油脱盐脱水技术,主要包括超声波法、电化学法、微波辐射法等,简述了各种技术的脱盐脱水原理及发展现状。     

塔河原油电脱盐助剂筛选及工艺优化

为解决塔河原油电脱盐脱水难题,选取多种不同类型破乳剂进行高温电脱盐评价实验,从中筛选出效果较好的进口油溶性破乳剂PR2.针对塔河原油高沥青质、胶质含量,存在结晶盐及极性物质吸附的特点,筛选了性能良好的脱盐助剂T6,并对电脱盐工艺和脱盐助剂用量进行优化.实验结果表明,在温度为140℃,电场强度为1000 V/cm,注水20％,混合强度为手摇400次,油溶性破乳剂PR2添加量为20 μg/g,脱盐助剂T6每级添加量20 μg/g的优化条件下,塔河原油三级脱后含盐低至2.34 mg/L,脱后含水小于0.3％.并在动态电脱盐实验装置上得到验证,为解决塔河原油脱盐脱水难题,实现原油深度脱盐脱水提供了技术支撑.     

Effects of Demulsifier Structure on Desalting Efficiency of Crude Oils

The desalting and dewatering of six crude oils with deferent properties have been studied. The contents of asphaltene and resin of #1, #2, and #4 crude oil are high; the demulsifiers with higher lipophilic values than others in the same series such as DA2, DB2, and DC2 can be easily absorbed on the interface of a water-oil emulsion and reveal better dewatering and desalting efficiency. The carbon atom number of alkyl on phenol core in nonyl-alkylphenol formaldehyde resin, which is the initiator of the DC series, is more than that of the DB series. DC was easier to diffuse into the interface of water in oil, and the dewatering efficiency increased. Because more multipoint adsorbed, their dewatering rate was slower, and the salts can dissolve in washing water and be removed with water. The density and viscosity of #3 crude oil are lower, and wax content is high. The hydrophilic group and lipophilic group in the molecular of DA4, DB4, and DC4 demulsifier can well be absorbed on the interface of water-oil emulsion of #3 crude oil, which have better efficiencies of desalting and dewatering than other demulsifiers of their same series. The density, viscosity, and wax content of #5 and #6 crude oils are lower; however, sulfur content is high. The self-made demulsifiers have excellent dewatering efficiency for #5 and #6 crude oil, but the desalting efficiency is unsatisfied, because the content of salts sulfate and sulfide in #5 and #6 crude oil is high as shown in the analysis of anion content before and after desalting. It can be improved by adding acid assistant TJ1, TJ2, and TJ3, thus indiffluent salts sulfate and sulfide transform into diffluent salts that can be removed, so the desalting efficiency obviously increases.     

重质原油电脱盐影响因素分析及操作条件优化研究

针对重质原油密度高、粘度大、胶质和沥青质含量高、盐含量大等特点,利用“瓶试法”评选出高效破乳剂,对原油电脱盐影响因素进行分析,运用正交试验法优化操作条件。实验结果表明,在破乳剂用量80μg／g、注水量12％（w）、混合时间5min、温度145℃、电场强度1000V／cm、停留时间90min、三级电脱盐的操作条件下,得到的原油含盐量≤3mg／L、含水量≤0．3％（w）符合目前行业标准的技术要求。     

高效破乳剂在原油脱盐装置上的应用

YL - 2 0 10破乳剂是武汉石油化工厂设备监测中心研究开发的一种高效复合型破乳剂 ,实验室评定结果表明 ,该破乳剂对炼制“鲁宁管输原油”及“鲁宁管输原油 +其它轻质原油”具有很好的破乳脱水效果。2 0 0 2年 7月 2 4日～ 8月 30日在常减压原油脱盐装置进行了工业应用试验 ,结果表明 :在注入量为 30～ 35 μg/g时 ,YL - 2 0 10破乳剂对仪征等原油脱盐脱水 ,合格率达到 10 0 % ;在注入量为 30～ 35 μg/g时 ,对掺炼 30 %轻质原油的陕北重油也有良好的效果     

原油电脱盐脱水技术发展现状与展望

由于石油资源需求的不断增长和原油开采力度的加大,国内外原油重质化、劣质化趋势日益加剧,加上炼制原油品种的频繁更换,给炼厂原油电脱盐脱水装置带来很大的冲击。原油电脱盐脱水作为最主要的原油预处理技术,其效果好坏将直接决定炼厂后续加工装置的安全、高效、长周期运转。综述了目前原油电脱盐脱水的主要设备,包括原油电脱盐罐、罐内主要电极形式、供电系统和其他辅助设备。在此基础上,介绍了几种电脱盐脱水新技术,并对各钟技术的主要特点及存在问题进行了分析,最后对原油电脱盐脱水技术的未来发展方向给予了展望。     

塔河重质稠油电脱盐技术研究

根据塔河原油的性质和脱盐难度大等特点,开发了新型高效破乳剂ERI1160和改进了鼠笼式电脱盐设备。介绍了鼠笼式电脱盐装置和破乳剂ERI1160在新疆塔河分公司1．5 Mt／a常压焦化装置中的应用情况,满足了其工艺要求。     

电脱盐工艺条件的优化

针对延安混合原油含盐、含水量高且波动较大的特点,通过改用FC-9302型破乳剂,并经过对工艺参数进行优化,脱后盐含量可达到小于3mg/L的水平.     

原油脱盐若干问题的讨论

概述了武汉石油化工厂应用原油过滤脱盐技术取得的经济效益.同时以大量的测试数据说明了原油脱盐中各种亟待解决的新老问题,并提出了解决这些问题的方法.     

加工高酸原油电脱盐优化

针对荣卡多和达混(2∶1)高酸混合原油开展了破乳剂评选实验以及静态电脱盐实验,根据实验结果提出了最优的破乳剂以及电脱盐工艺参数。破乳剂NS-2004在药剂注入量为30μg/g,注水量为7%,温度为130℃,电场强度为1.2 kV/cm,混合强度为手动振荡150次,停留时间为30 min的条件下,效果最好。同时企业采用了国外先进的原油预处理技术,于原油末站管线加注原油预处理剂,通过化学药剂泵连续原剂注入,并根据罐区原油含水及排水含油情况调整注入量,对改善高酸原油电脱盐效果起到了良好作用。     

高导电性原油电脱盐工艺研究

南阳原油中金属含量较高,掺有部分3次采油采出原油,加工时易造成电脱盐装置原油乳化,电导率高,脱盐难度较大。装置投产十几年来脱后含盐一直不合格,经过改造仍然超标,常压塔顶腐蚀严重。为此,对原油进行了电脱盐工艺条件及破乳剂研究,研制出了高效电脱盐设备和生物复合脱盐剂及降电流剂,采用平流弓形电极进行改造,解决了该原油的电脱盐问题,使脱后含盐达到3 mg/L。     

石油破乳技术进展

分别对化学破乳法、物理破乳法（包括重力法、离心法、电学破乳法、超声破乳法、微波破乳法、膜润湿聚结法和研磨破乳法等）、膜破乳法（微滤膜破乳法和微孔膜破乳法）、生物破乳法和联合破乳法等特点、破乳机理和发展现状进行了综述.目前,化学破乳法应用最广泛,物理破乳法具有一定应用,膜破乳法和生物破乳法是近几年来发展起来的破乳方法,具...     

重质原油电脱盐用破乳剂的合成及评价

重质原油具有胶质和沥青质含量高、氯盐含量高、黏度高和界面膜稳定性好等特点,利用传统的破乳剂破乳时,破乳效果较差。针对重质原油电脱盐破乳,合成了WS系列破乳剂,对其进行了红外光谱表征、羟值和实际相对分子质量的测定以及电脱盐实验评价。结果表明,合成的WS系列破乳剂产率在98%以上,其中WS-5破乳剂对塔河油田重质原油的破乳效果最好;在破乳剂加量60 mg/L、温度155℃、注清水质量8%、搅拌时间4 min、电场强度1100 V/cm、停留时间90 min、三级电脱盐的条件下,原油盐质量浓度由153.2 mg/L降至2.76 mg/L,脱后原油含水量为0.28%。WS-5破乳剂对塔河油田重质原油电脱盐效果比较理想,具有潜在的应用价值。     

Experimental Study of Desalting and Dehydration of Two Samples of Iraqi Crude Oils

The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed within the produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and dehydration of two types of Iraqi crude oil (Naft Khana crude and Basra crude from the Iraq strategic pipeline), which were provided from the Daura refinery in Baghdad. Naft Khana crude oil is lighter than Basra crude oil and has higher API gravity and it is relatively easy to desalt. Also, Naft Khana crude oil has a salt concentration higher than Basra crude oil. The optimum experimental conditions for improving desalting/dehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100°F crude oil temperature, 20 vol% adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts in crude oil.     

水解聚丙烯酰胺对原油破乳的影响

采用紫外光降解法制备了4种不同黏均相对分子质量(Mη)的聚合物溶液,并用其配制不同质量浓度的含该聚合物的原油乳液。通过测定原油乳液脱水率、界面张力和分配系数,考察了聚合物质量浓度、黏均相对分子质量及聚合物种类对原油破乳的影响。实验结果表明,聚合物种类及其黏均相对分子质量是影响原油破乳的主要因素。对于水解聚丙烯酰胺(LDHPAM),当Mη1.14×106时,相对于空白样,它对原油乳液稳定性有明显的增强作用;当Mη1.14×106时,它对原油乳液稳定性无明显影响;与LDHPAM相比,疏水缔合聚合物(AP-P4)由于分子中含有少量的疏水基团,更易吸附于油水界面,对原油乳液稳定性的影响较为显著,当AP-P4质量浓度大于等于300mg/L时,原油乳液在55℃下静置2h后的脱水率仅为20%,远低于LDHPAM的60%。     

原油电脱盐脱后盐含量超标原因的实验研究

针对某炼油厂电脱盐装置存在的原油脱水不脱盐、脱后盐含量高的现象 ,通过分析原油的性质 ,同时采用不同类型破乳剂进行电脱盐实验对比 ,指出原油中固体杂质颗粒含量高是影响脱盐的主要原因。破乳剂ERI116 0具有破乳和湿润固体颗粒的双重作用 ,在注水量为 6 %、破乳剂用量为 4 0 μg/g的情况下 ,可以达到使脱后原油盐含量不大于 3mg/L、水含量不大于 0 .2 %的工艺指标。     

Removal of Nickel and Vanadium from Crude Oil by Microwave-Chemical Method. I. Chemical Method

WY series demetalizers, some types of thiocarbamate, were synthesized by organic amine (diethylene triamine and triethylene tetramine), carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide and used to remove nickel and vanadium from crude oil. WY-1 demetallizer has excellent removal of nickel and vanadium efficiency for Shengli crude oil and Iran crude oil. The nickel and vanadium removal efficiency of Shengli crude oil reached 43.41 and 41.63% at the dosage of WY-1 500 mg/L, reaction time 30 min, and reaction temperature 70°C. With the dosage of WY-1 and increasing reaction time and reaction temperature, the nickel and vanadium removal efficiency of crude oil increased.