Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Carbon Bainitic Steel Treated by Long-Time Bainitic Austempering and Short-Time Austempering Plus Tempering Processes

Herein, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a high-carbon bainitic steel treated by long-time bainitic austempering and short-time austempering plus tempering processes are compared. The multiphase microstructures are characterized by dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to correlate with mechanical properties. Results show that although long-time austempering treatment can reduce the volume fraction of brittle martensite, no significant improvement is observed in fracture damage resistance. Besides, the cementite is prone to precipitation from the austenite at the later period of the long-time austempering process. The cementite precipitation in austenite decreases the carbon content in retained austenite (RA) and consequently reduces the mechanical stability of RA. In contrast, the cementite has not been able to precipitate from austenite after short-time austempering treatment, whereas the martensite is softened and the stability of RA is improved during subsequent tempering. Therefore, excellent mechanical properties are obtained in the samples treated by short-time austempering plus tempering process: ultimate tensile strength, 1489 MPa, yield strength, 1014 MPa, total elongation, 33.2%, and the product of strength and elongation (PSE) of 48.4 GPa%, where PSE is increased by 27% compared with the sample after long-time bainitic austempering.     

Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Silicon Carbide-Free Bainitic Steel

The microstructural evolution of a novel high-silicon carbide-free bainitic steel at different austempering temperatures is investigated. The microstructure is evaluated by means of optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, and nanohardness. Results show a variation in the amount of stabilized retained austenite changing the temperature of the isothermal treatment. In particular, it is observed an increase in the retained austenite volume fraction increasing the temperature up to 350 °C, while further increase leads to a reduction. Moreover, increasing the isothermal holding temperature from 250 °C, through 300, 350, and 370 °C, a progressive bainite coarsening and an increase in the amount of stabilized carbon-enriched retained austenite are observed. Tensile tests reveal an excellent combination of mechanical properties: mechanical strength in the range 1276–1988 MPa and total elongation 0.18–0.44.     

形变对奥氏体中温等温转变组织与性能的影响

报道了对含微量Nb、Ti、B的极低碳Si,Mn高洁净钢和成分相近的工业钢X60及XTE355的研究结果,并讨论了奥氏体形变对γ→α转变、转变组织及力学性能的影响.试样加热到1200℃均匀化处理后,快速冷却到奥氏体的非再结晶温度区变形70%再经500℃中温等温处理,能够获得微米甚至亚微米级的细化组织.纯净钢和工业钢的平均晶粒尺寸都在3μm以下,780℃变形的X60试样得到了最小的平均晶粒尺寸:X方向为0.99μm,Y方向为1.02μm.显著的晶粒细化效果是由于形变奥氏体的晶界面积大幅度增加以及变形带和其他晶体缺陷提供了大量的有利形核地点,使γ→α转变时α相的形核率提高的结果.     

扩散渗析法处理高铜含砷废水工艺研究

采用扩散渗析技术对高铜含砷废水进行了铜砷分离,研究了静置时间、进水酸度、水流速、料流速和水流速与料流速之比对铜砷分离的影响。研究结果表明,静置时间为2h,进水酸度为5g/L,水流速为450mL/h,料流速为400mL/h,水流速与料流速的比值为450/400时,铜、砷综合分离效果最好。铜的分离率为92.65%,砷的分离率为50.21%。     

Effects of Mo Contents in Matrix on Microstructure and Properties of Vanadium Carbide Coating Formed by Thermal Diffusion Treatment

Thermal diffusion salt-bath vanadizing was finished for Crl2MoV die steel, in order to investigate the properties of vanadium carbide coatings related with the Mo contents in Crl2MoV die steel. Scanning electron micro- scopic observation reveals that Mo can decrease the growth rate of coating as a carbide forming element. Besides, Mo element can promote grain refinement of the coating. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the different Mo contents have no influence on the phase structure of the coatings. Energy dispersive spectrum analysis and mechanical properties test show that Mo can diffuse into the coating and make a strengthening effect on the coating.