油气生成、运移模拟实验探讨

本文选用低成熟烃源岩,采取人工热解生成油气及适当控制石油运移的方法,模拟了4个地史热演化阶段(低熟、成熟、高熟、过熟)中油气的生成演化过程。试验中把热解生成烃适当分成排出烃和滞留烃,分别对应于地质体中油气经初次运移进入储层的量和滞留于母岩并同母岩一同继续演化的量。从未熟到过成熟阶段将油气的生成分成4个连续演化阶段,运移分成3个集中阶段,即用多阶段生成、集中运移模拟地质体中油气边生边运的地质过程,得到了不同演化阶段不同运移效率下储层中可能的油气分布。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

ABSTRACT

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

用乙烷作为岩屑荧光录井替代试剂的探讨

Cuttingsfluorologgingisasimple,straightforward,practicalandeffectivemethodwhichiswidelyusedinoilexplorationtopreliminarilylocatethepayzone.ItisofparamountimportancelnguidingexpIorationoperationtocorrectlydeterminewhetherthecuttingsisfluorescentandthegradi…     

陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学模式探讨

根据地震，钻井，测井，分析化验等资料，研究了东营凹陷下第三系层序地层结构，归纳出４种结构类型，这些地层结构很难用湖平面变化来解释其成因，因此提出构造运动，气候变化为陆相断陷湖盆层序发育主控因素的观点，划分出构造层序与气候层序两大类，构造层序又分简单断坳层序，同生断坳层序和多期断坳层序，它们具有不同的层序地层模式。     

不溶性硫磺稳定剂的选择及效果研究

考察了聚合、淬冷、萃取、充油工序中加入稳定剂对不溶性硫磺含量及其稳定性的影响。结果表明,每种工序中添加的稳定剂均能提高不溶性硫含量及其稳定性,其中聚合反应中加入醇类稳定剂D、淬冷中加入液态有机稳定剂A、萃取中加入酯类稳定剂X、充油中加入酯类稳定剂X效果最好。另外,在单剂评选的基础上,进行了两剂组合优化方案试验,两剂组合对不溶性硫磺含量及其稳定性无复合叠加作用。     

油藏描述中求取特低渗储层渗透率的方法

精确求解地层渗透率是历代测井地质解释家十分棘手的问题.以前只是针对非特低渗储层作了大量的工作.本文针对辽河油田陈家洼陷南部浊积成因特低渗储层的渗透率进行研究,提出了一种建立其解释模型的有效方法,并在现场得到比较成功的应用,获得满意的效果.同时为当今测井研究前沿理论─-非线性与非均质测井理论提供了有力证据.     

离心法测定黏土稳定剂防膨率的影响因素

针对离心法测定防膨率过程中存在误差较大(允许误差5%)、精度不高等问题,研究了膨润土的种类、烘干温度、粒径、超声处理与否和静置时间对防膨率测定结果的影响。实验结果表明:不同类型的膨润土由于所含黏土矿物种类、含量不同,相同条件下其水化膨胀体积和测定的防膨率差异较大;烘干温度为100℃时测定的防膨率平均相对偏差和最大极差较小;不同粒径范围的黏土颗粒测定的防膨率差异较大,但相对平均偏差和最大极差差异不大;超声作用提高了使用不同粒径黏土测定的防膨率数值,但测定的稳定性较差;将黏土在蒸馏水中静置分散2 h,黏土颗粒基本膨胀完全,能够满足实验要求。通过选用四种常用黏土稳定剂用离心法测定防膨率并与页岩膨胀仪法的测定结果进行比较,最终确定,离心法测定黏土稳定剂防膨率可选用精质新疆土,烘干温度为100℃,粒径范围为200~300目,不经过超声处理,蒸馏水中静置2 h,平均相对误差和最大极差较小。     

高分子量聚合物的分子量对岩心渗透率的适应性研究

本文通过不同分子量的高分子量聚合物（部分水解聚丙烯酰胺）在不同渗透率岩心中的流动实验，研究了高分子量聚合物的分子量与岩心渗透率之间的匹配关系，为大庆油田采用高分子量聚合物驱油提供决策依据。     

小层剩余油的技术经济研究方法

研究小层剩余油的传统方法是根据静、动态资料确定目前剩余油的饱和应并分配到小层,从而从宏观上确定整个油区的剩余油挖潜区。文中应用盈亏平衡的原理,从技术经济的角度对剩余油饱和度低的抵效油井进行了微观分析,由此进一步指出剩余油分布的范围和层位,这同样可为油田开发决策提供依据。     

未成熟碳酸盐生油岩地球化学特征初探

江苏句容盆地继下青龙组(T₁x)碳酸盐岩产层中发现自生自储的低—中等成熟度原油之后,又在上覆上青龙组(T₁s)见到未成熟的碳酸盐生油岩。这种在地质时代相对较老的早三叠世中见到未成熟碳酸盐生油岩的情况,国内尚属首次发现,值得引起重视。本文主要应用烃类组成、岩石热解色谱、烷烃气相色谱、干酪根红外吸收光谱和镜质体反射率等分析成果,对未成熟碳酸盐生油岩的地球化学特征及其地质成因进行探讨。     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺在多孔介质中的动态吸附规律研究

研究了胶乳型部分水解聚丙烯酰胺在人造岩心中的动态吸附规律。考察了含盐量、聚合物浓度、岩心渗透率对吸附的影响,提出了饱和吸附滞留量的概念和不可入孔隙体积的近似计算方法,对试验结果进行了多方面的讨论。     

储层定量评价中指标权重的计算途径

权重确定是综合评价事物客观特性过程中的一个重要难题,长期没有得到有效地解决.本文以川南矿区碳酸盐岩储气层选井选层研究为例,采用灰色关联分析法,在首先指出权重确定意义及应用灰色关联分析法解决该问题可行性的基础上,从理论依据到实现过程阐述了权重确定的原理和方法,为油气藏综合评价中如何确定指标权重提供了一种良好途径.     

饱和分和沥青质对渣油流变特性的影响

 通过Rheostress300型流变仪和偏光显微镜测定了大庆常渣(DQAR)的流型、流型转变特点、黏-温关系和蜡晶形貌等流变性特怔,并分析了渣油饱和分和沥青质对DQAR流变特性的影响。结果表明,DQAR在低温下均为假塑性流体,在高温下转型为牛顿流体,其流型转变温度为50℃。饱和分的加入能使大庆常压渣油蜡晶晶粒变大,网状结构更加紧凑,流型转变温度升高, 并使渣油在非牛顿流型区域黏度急剧增加;而沥青质在整个温度范围内,均能使渣油黏度增大,基本不影响DQAR蜡晶形貌。     

构造裂缝渗透率张量预测初探

地下褶皱岩层构造裂缝渗透率张量的预测涉及到构造裂缝孔隙度、方向和密度的确定,本文着重讨论了后两个参数,进而提出计算构造裂缝渗透率张量的方法。     

石油羧酸盐在高岭土上静吸附规律的实验研究

本文在实验基础上研究了石油羧酸盐表面活性剂在高岭土上的静吸附量随时间、液固比、含盐量、活性剂浓度而变化的规律，观察到了吸附最大值，对全部实验结果作了理论解释。     

对局部构造阶段性勘探决策方法的探讨

目前流行以决策树方法进行勘探决策,但这种方法实际应用起来却比较困难,原因在于它在决策时总是要考虑勘探工作的全过程。油气资源勘探工作是分阶段性的,每个阶段都有其阶段性的目标。只要油气勘探工作在每个阶段都能以最小的成本最好地实现了每个阶段的工作目标,那么油气勘探工作的全过程也就能以最小的成本获得最好的结果。文中提出一种在勘探阶段以最小成本拿最多储量为目标的勘探决策方法。     

预测反褶积用于消除深海鸣震的一种新途径

过去,在处理深海域的地震资料时,一般是采用“反向消去法”或“深水波形预测反褶积法”来消除鸣震。但是,当鸣震和反射波互相干涉时,这些方法的效果不理想。为了改善这类资料的处理效果,本文提出一种新的“深海预测反褶积法”。与上述两种方法比较,这种方法所要求的前提条件少,应用的范围更广泛。理论分析和模型试验的结果表明,这种方法的效果是令人满意的。     

AN APPROACH TO THE CHANGES OF NON-HYDROCARBONS DURING THE DETERIORATION OF THE STABILITY OF FLUIDIZED CATALYTIC CRACKED DIESEL

The problem of the instability of Fluidized Catalytic Cracked (FCC) Diesel is becoming an increasing concern in the refinery industry. The objective of this paper is to study the changes of non-hydrocarbons in FCC diesel during the deterioration of the stability by IR, GC and UV. It is demonstrated that during the storage or under stressing conditions, the diesel becomes deteriorated, and some unstable phenols, thiols and some nitrogen compounds involve in the color change and deposit formation. The content of thiols and phenols reduces during the accelerated aging of diesel. The contents of heteroatoms (S, N, O) in the deposit are a few times higher than that in the diesel. When phenols or thiols in diesel are removed, the stability of diesel is improved to some degree.