基于SLNR与矢量扰动的毫米波大规模MIMO双层混合预编码算法

在多用户毫米波大规模多入多出（Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO）系统中，针对现有基于信漏噪比（Signal-to-Leakage-plus-Noise Ratio,SLNR）准则的混合预编码算法未考虑用户信道质量不同和信道矩阵具有病态性的问题，本文提出了一种联合SLNR与矢量扰动（Vector Perturbation,VP）的双层混合预编码算法.该算法分两层设计预编码矩阵.第一层，考虑用户信道质量不同，提出了基于SLNR准则的匹配加权算法.该算法充分考虑信道系数、预编码矢量和组合矢量的影响设计信道加权因子，利用加权因子对SLNR算法进行改进，从而设计更优的混合预编码器，消除用户间干扰.第二层，根据第一层获取到的等效基带信道，利用迫零（Zero Force,ZF）消除用户天线间干扰.考虑到信道矩阵具有病态性，采用VP算法进一步处理.通过在发射信号上添加扰动矢量减小发射端功率增强的影响.仿真结果表明，相较于同类混合预编码算法，所提算法可以获取更好的误码率（Bit Error Rate,BER）性能和频谱效率.     

多用户毫米波MIMO系统中基于信道互易性的混合模数预编码算法

本文针对多用户毫米波多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)系统,首次提出了分离子阵列MIMO混合模数预编码架构毫米波系统的一种模拟接收方案。将最大化和速率求解混合模数预编码的三元联合优化问题分成模拟和数字两部分求解,进一步提出了基于信道互易性的混合模数预编码算法。该算法通过最大化下行各个用户和上行各个子阵列的接收信干噪比分别求解模拟合并矢量和模拟预编码矢量;优化模拟部分后,设计发射端数字预编码器消除多用户数据流之间的干扰。数值仿真表明所提算法收敛速度快,且可获得接近最优纯数字预编码算法的性能。      

基于遗传算法的毫米波大规模MIMO系统混合预编码

目前混合预编码方案中,大多采取高精度的移相器作为模拟预编码的设计基础,使得系统成本增加。针对这一问题,探讨了有限精度射频前端的混合预编码设计。为了实现更高的频谱利用率,考虑到天线权值的最优组合为一NP（Non-deterministic Polynomial）问题,受机器学习启发,采用遗传算法对阵列中阵元的相位取值进行建模设计模拟预编码。通过信道矩阵与模拟预编码矩阵的乘积引入等效信道矩阵,考虑用户间干扰,以最大信干噪比准则进行数字预编码设计。仿真结果表明,该方案得到的混合预编码矩阵其系统性能可逼近全数字预编码矩阵的性能。     

基于毫米波大规模MIMO的混合RZF预编码算法

针对毫米波大规模MIMO系统采用全数字预编码时,系统所需射频链路数量较大而导致实现成本和能耗较高的问题,提出了一种在基站端和用户端分别采用混合预编码和模拟合并的方案.在充分考虑信道特性的基础上,根据收发两端的天线阵列响应矢量分别设计模拟预编码矩阵和模拟合并矩阵,然后根据生成的有效信道矩阵,在基带部分设计低维的数字预编码,从而消除系统中噪声和用户间干扰的影响.仿真结果表明,在有效减少系统所需射频链路数量的基础上,所提混合预编码方案能够接近传统全数字预编码方案的性能.     

毫米波大规模MIMO系统基于等效信道的全连接混合预编码设计

为了提升毫米波大规模MIMO系统中基于全连接结构的混合预编码性能,提出一种基于等效信道两步设计法的混合预编码方案。首先结合发送端模拟预编码矩阵、接收端模拟组合矩阵和信道矩阵构造等效信道,以最大化等效信道增益为目标设计出收发端的模拟部分,之后对数字预编码矩阵与数字组合矩阵逐列应用最小二乘准则进行求解,设计出收发端数字部分。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够逼近最优全数字预编码方案且具有较低的复杂度,并具有较强的容错性。     

混合动态连接结构的多用户多流混合预编码

混合预编码对于提高多用户毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的性能至关重要,但目前基于全连接结构与子连接结构的混合预编码分别存在高能耗与性能损失严重的问题.该文综合考虑系统的频谱效率与能量效率,提出混合动态连接结构,并设计该结构下的混合预编码算法.该算法通过最大化信干噪比(SINR)的增量来设计混合动态连接结构的模拟域预编码,然后基于等效信道运用块对角化(BD)设计数字域预编码抑制多用户多流干扰.仿真实验表明,该文所提出的混合动态连接结构的频谱效率介于全连接结构与混合固定连接结构之间且获得的能量效率最高.     

基于线性预编码的新型MIMO-HARQ方案

本文研究了多输入多输出系统中基于线性预编码的混合自动请求重传后合并方案,本方案根据各子数据流多次重传所经历的空间子信道增益与功率分配以及当前的空间子信道增益来确定当前数据流的置换方式和功率分配,补偿各子数据流空间增益差异,以获得更多的空间分集增益.此外,在接收端采用最大后验概率准则对重传数据合并进一步提高性能.仿真结果表明,该方案能够有效提高系统吞吐率,降低误比特率.     

混合动态连接结构的多用户多流混合预编码

混合预编码对于提高多用户毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的性能至关重要,但目前基于全连接结构与子连接结构的混合预编码分别存在高能耗与性能损失严重的问题。该文综合考虑系统的频谱效率与能量效率,提出混合动态连接结构,并设计该结构下的混合预编码算法。该算法通过最大化信干噪比(SINR)的增量来设计混合动态连接结构的模拟域预编码,然后基于等效信道运用块对角化(BD)设计数字域预编码抑制多用户多流干扰。仿真实验表明,该文所提出的混合动态连接结构的频谱效率介于全连接结构与混合固定连接结构之间且获得的能量效率最高。     

星地链路中基于毫米波大规模MIMO的混合预编码算法研究

为了提升星地链路通信系统频谱效率,针对毫米波(millimeter Wave, mmWave)大规模多输入多输出(Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output, Massive MIMO)系统,在正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, OMP)算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的OMP (Improved-OMP)混合预编码算法。针对星地链路间通信的特定场景,引入了基于扩展的Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V)信道模型;针对OMP算法中求解模拟预编码矩阵时存在迭代次数过多的问题,在结合多步长思想的基础上,从天线阵列响应集合中选取与射频链路(Radio Frequency Chains, RF Chains)相等的前多列作为模拟预编码矩阵;为了克服OMP算法中的伪逆运算复杂度较高的问题,结合矩阵分解和H9lder不等式简化了数字预编码的求解。仿真结果表明,在理想的信道状态信道条件下,当RF Chains的数量和数据流的数量之间的差距较小时,Improved-OMP算法可以获得更优的性能。Improved-OMP方案有效地降...     

基于几何均值分解的可见光MIMO预编码优化设计

在可见光通信(VLC,Visible Light Communication)系统中，受发送信号非负约束和信道相关性较强影响，预编码后的等效子信道增益差异较大，现有的预编码需要迭代搜索等复杂的功率和比特分配算法来适配不同子信道。针对此问题，利用非线性判决反馈均衡检测器，提出基于几何平均分解的线性预编码，将信道分解成多个增益相同的子信道来提高误码率性能，避免了传统预编码中复杂的功率和比特分配问题，又基于最小均方误差准则进行功率分配，进一步提高了系统性能。最后仿真实验分析结果表明，所提两种方案均明显优于传统预编码，误码率性能获得了约8 dB～12 dB增益。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.