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通过分段淬火连续退火实验,获得两组铁素体晶粒尺寸大致相同、马氏体体积分数不同的双相钢。选取应变速率为10-4s-1进行准静态拉伸实验;选取应变速率为500s-1和2250s-1在分离式霍普金森拉杆技术进行动态拉伸实验。利用动态因子、Feret比率等定量分析方法研究超高强铁素体-马氏体双相钢在动态拉伸变形条件下的组织和性能。结果表明:应变速率效应在双相钢的动态变形行为中主要起强化作用;马氏体体积分数越低的双相钢应变速率敏感性越大;相比抗拉强度而言,超高强冷轧双相钢屈服强度的应变速率敏感性更大。计算在应变速率为2250s-1动态拉伸变形下产生绝热温升分别为98K和89K,并抵消部分应变速率强化作用。 相似文献
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用于深海大型结构系泊的合成纤维系缆在不同加载速率下的力学行为对结构系泊效能有着重要影响。本文认为系缆在不同加载速率下拉伸时自身温度变化是系缆呈现不同性能的主要原因。论文首先对合成纤维材料应力-应变关系进行了双线性化处理并建立了双线性参数与温度关系模型,其次,根据塑性变形功的热能转化和传热学理论推导出纤维材料在不同加载速率下温度场的分布规律,从而以温度为中间参数建立及预测合成纤维材料在不同加载速率下拉伸时力学性能变化规律的分析模型。最后以尼龙66材料为例对上述现象开展实验研究,先在准静态条件下测量20℃、40℃、60℃三种温度的拉伸应力-应变曲线,然后根据上述理论预测出在室温条件下以50mm/min加载速率拉伸时尼龙材料的应力-应变曲线,并与实验值进行对比分析,二者吻合较好。以上研究为大尺度系缆力学性能预测提供了可行方法。 相似文献
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《振动与冲击》2016,(24)
混凝土拉伸破坏行为是混凝土试件及结构力学行为的重要组成部分,其与加载速率密切关联。针对混凝土材料静、动态拉伸强度的随机性和离散性,探讨了骨料分布形式的影响规律。从细观角度出发,假定混凝土是由骨料颗粒、砂浆基质及界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,考虑各相材料动态加载下力学特性的应变率效应,建立了混凝土动态力学行为研究的细观尺度力学模型与方法。以双边缺口混凝土试件为例,对5组不同应变率下64个具有不同骨料分布形式的混凝土试件的单轴动态拉伸力学行为进行了数值试验。基于概率统计分析理论,对不同应变率下混凝土动态抗拉强度的离散性进行了统计分析,包括均值、方差及分布形式等概率统计特性。研究表明:混凝土动态抗拉强度服从双参数Weibull分布;随着应变率的增大,混凝土抗拉强度离散性逐渐减小。 相似文献
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应变速率对AZ91D镁合金力学行为影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过静态拉伸试验机和高应变速率冲击拉伸试验装置,对AZ91D压铸镁合金分别进行了不同应变率下(10-4、10-2、300和1400s-1)拉伸力学性能的试验,获得了各应变速率下完整的应力-应变曲线.并通过扫描电镜对其拉伸断口进行分析.试验结果表明,其屈服应力(σs)、拉伸强度(σb)随着应变速率的增加而增加,失稳应变(εb)则随着应变速率的增加而有所减小;而弹性模量则对应变率不敏感.采用John-son-Cook材料模型描述AZ91D镁合金应变速率相关的应力应变本构模型,其拟合结果和实验结果基本相吻合.扫描电镜断口分析结果表明,动态和静态的断裂方式基本相同,都是以准解理断裂特征为主,局部区域伴有解理断裂;存在典型的缩松断裂形貌. 相似文献
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纯钛高应变率拉伸力学行为的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用MTS809材料试验机和旋转盘式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸实验装置,对多晶纯钛进行了室温环境下应变率为0.001,0.01s-1的准静态和300,1400s-1的动态拉伸实验,获得了纯钛等温和绝热拉伸应力-应变曲线;实施了应变率为300s-1的冲击拉伸复元实验,获得了纯钛在高应变率下的等温应力-应变曲线。结果表明:纯钛的拉伸力学行为具有明显的应变硬化效应、应变率强化效应和绝热温升软化效应。采用修正的KHL模型较好地表征了纯钛在准静态和动态实验应变率范围内的拉伸力学行为。 相似文献
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为研究强动载荷下船用焊接钢板的力学性能。开展了典型船用焊接钢板母材、焊缝和热影响区的准静态拉伸试验、高温拉伸试验及SHPB动态压缩试验,分析了焊接钢板材料在不同应力状态下的力学行为,基于力学性能试验结果拟合了焊接钢板母材、焊缝和热影响区材料的本构模型。结果表明:准静态条件下,与母材相比,焊缝和热影响区材料的屈服强度与抗拉强度偏大,延伸率偏小;高应变率下,热影响区材料抵抗塑性变形的能力明显强于其他两种材料,且随着应变率的增加抵抗塑性变形的能力呈增强趋势;焊接板母材、焊缝与热影响区材料均表现出应变率效应和温度效应;热影响区是焊接板抗冲击性能相对薄弱的区域。建立的Johnson-Cook模型可以描述强动载荷下焊接钢板的力学性能。 相似文献
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304不锈钢是一种常用的奥氏体不锈钢.在拉伸应变过程中,应变速率的变化会诱发马氏体转变量和转变速率,以及内部组织滑移线、位错、层错、形变孪晶密度的转变量和转变速率的不同,从而表现出不同的应变硬化行为.本文针对0.1 mm厚度304奥氏体不锈钢箔材,从断后伸长率,断面收缩率,屈服强度,抗拉强度及硬化指数5个方面,研究了室温条件下不同应变速率对其拉伸性能的影响.实验结果表明:马氏体转变理论同样适用于304奥氏体不锈钢箔材, 且0.1 mm厚度304不锈钢存在“越薄越脆,越小越强”的尺寸效应现象;同时,0.1 mm厚度304奥氏体不锈钢箔材拉伸力学性能随应变速率的变化主要表现在以下几方面:断后延伸率和断面收缩率均随着应变速率的增加而降低;低应变速率时,随着应变速率的增加屈服强度增大,而抗拉强度随应变速率的提高呈现减弱的相反规律;高应变速率下,304奥氏体不锈钢的强度主要由材料本身性能决定,应变速率的改变对强度的影响较小;准静态低应变速率下,硬化指数随应变速率增大而升高,较高应变速率下,硬化指数与应变速率变化无关. 相似文献
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钢筋混凝土结构除承受静载荷外,在恐怖袭击、燃气管道爆炸等特殊情况下还会承受动态载荷的作用,因此,研究其组成材料之一的钢筋材料在动态载荷作用下的力学性能,对于研究钢筋混凝土结构整体在动态载荷作用下的力学响应有重要意义。该文首先利用旋转盘冲击拉伸试验系统对3种常用建筑钢筋材料(HPB235、HRB335和HRB400)在400 s-1~2000 s-1应变率范围内的动态拉伸力学性能进行试验研究,然后根据试验数据,分析应变率对屈服强度的影响规律,并对常用的Johnson-Cook本构模型进行修正,以获得可以更好描述这3种钢筋材料动态拉伸应力-应变关系的本构模型及相关的材料参数。研究结果表明:3种钢筋材料的屈服应力均随应变率的增大而增大,而静载屈服应力越低的钢筋对应变率越敏感;修正后的Johnson-Cook本构模型能较好地描述3种钢筋材料的动态拉伸应力-应变关系。 相似文献
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An approach was developed for investigating the crushability behavior of epoxy-based, low-density structural polymeric foam (initial bulk density 0.81 g/cm3 was used for test illustration) under quasistatic and high strain rate conditions in rigid confinement. Quasistatic crushability tests were conducted in a steel confinement cell using an MTS material testing system and the high strain rate (dynamic) crushability behavior was investigated by placing a foam specimen in a steel confinement tube and then loading the specimen using two different split Hopkinson pressure bar systems, namely, a magnesium bar and steel bar. The dynamic deformation characteristics were obtained using a multi-step incremental loading procedure. It was found that these foams exhibited large uniform inelastic deformation during the confined loading. It is verified that multi-step incremental loading can be used to construct the complete stress–strain response curve for the specimens under both quasistatic and dynamic loading conditions. A phenomenological constitutive model was then applied to parametrically describe the crushability response and to determine the rate sensitivity of the foams. The rate sensitivity of yield stress was found to be around three under rigid confinement. 相似文献
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以GCr15SiMo钢为对象,研究热处理工艺对其微观组织的影响规律,并利用霍普金森杆和GNT100-2型高温拉伸试验机,分析不同组织结构GCr15SiMo钢的动态及高温力学行为。结果表明:淬火温度由800℃升高至920℃,GCr15SiMo钢中M_(3)C型碳化物颗粒的质量分数由2.319%减少至0%;动态压缩过程中,GCr15SiMo钢的失效应变均随应变速率的增加而增大,在真应变分别为0.2和0.8时,随着淬火温度的升高,GCr15SiMo钢流变应力分别下降13.45%,21.44%,27.49%和31.79%,流变应力迅速下降主要与组织结构和动态压缩变形时的绝热剪切机制有关;在高应变速率条件下,GCr15SiMo钢的宏观变形由镦粗转变为沿45°方向的剪切破坏,绝热剪切机制是导致变形行为变化的主要原因之一,且组织结构是影响材料绝热剪切敏感性的关键因素之一;GCr15SiMo钢动态压缩变形过程中形变升温在117~333℃之间,M_(3)C碳化物颗粒回溶是其高温性能呈现抗拉强度增加、屈服强度降低的关键因素之一;淬火温度为920℃时,GCr15SiMo钢的组织为均匀一致的孪晶马氏体,孪晶马氏体中的亚晶界可有效阻碍位错运动,在拉伸应力作用下表现出明显的应变硬化现象,应力-应变曲线较淬火温度800℃时呈现更显著的上升趋势。 相似文献
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《Materials Science & Technology》2013,29(7):771-778
AbstractAs a result of their unique combination of strength and ductility dual phase steels play an important role in reducing weight in automobile components and improving crashworthiness. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the crash performance of dual phase steels, as defined by the influence of low and high strain deformation rates (0·001 s-1 and 100 s-1 respectively), on the tensile and work hardening properties of a range of commercial dual phase products. The objective is to establish whether dual phase steels maintain their desirable mechanical property characteristics of low yield strength, high tensile strength and high work hardening rates during plastic deformation under the application of a high strain rate loading. The results confirmed that the yield/proof strength and tensile strength increased with increasing volume fraction of second phase constituents and increasing strain rate. In particular, a dual phase steel with a microstructure consisting of a significant volume fraction (>10–15%) of additional second phase material (bainite) is shown to display superior energy absorption properties. However, this is accompanied by poor ductility and work hardening characteristics. 相似文献
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为确定适合描述高强度热轧钢板变形行为的屈服准则,采用Hollomon流动应力方程和三种屈服准则对几类高强度热轧钢板在不同应变路径下达到成形极限的成形过程进行了模拟.比较了Barlat(1989)、Hill(1948)、Barlat六参数3种屈服准则,对热轧酸洗板QStE340TM、SAPH370和热轧镀锌板ZStE260P在单向拉伸、平面应变和双向等拉3种应变路径下的变形过程进行了比较.结果表明,Barlat(1989)屈服准则能较好地描述单元的变形行为,且在平面应变路径下的模拟结果最符合实验结果. 相似文献
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《Materials Science & Technology》2013,29(4):423-431
AbstractThe need to simultaneously reduce vehicle emissions and increase the safety of passengers is encouraging the automotive industry to incorporate new technologies and materials into today's vehicles. To remain competitive, the steel industry has developed steel grades with increased energy absorbing properties allowing down gauging of body in white components to address the competition from alternative materials such as aluminium alloys and composites. Two of the more important developments are the introduction of dual phase (DP) and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) grades for the automotive industry. These grades offer superior strength/formability and work hardening properties compared to conventional high strength grades of similar tensile strength. Utilising thinner gauge components with increased energy absorbing properties would permit addressing the mass/safety issues by the automotive industry. This paper relates the crash performance of a range of both commercial and experimental DP and TRIP grades. Dynamic tensile testing was performed at low and very high strain rates within the range of 0·001–200 s?1, to allow an extensive analysis of the effect of strain rate on the material properties. Crash testing was also performed on closed top hat sections at low, medium and high strain rates and the results compared to the dynamically tested tensile specimens. This study helped clarify the enhanced performance offered by high strength DP and TRIP strip steel grades during dynamic tensile testing and impact loading conditions. This advantageous behaviour is attributed to the favourable microconstituents present in these novel grades and their deformation characteristics. This paper concentrates only on the crash properties measured from dynamic tensile tests. The microstructural analysis is presented in a separate publication. 相似文献