热成形淬火对QP1180/22MnB5激光拼焊板组织与性能的影响

目的 对QP1180和22MnB5激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,以解决超高强钢板材焊后的软化问题。方法 选择QP1180和22MnB5异种高强钢作为母材进行激光自熔焊,对焊后的激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,通过体式显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、液压拉伸试验机和维氏硬度计等手段,分析热成形前后激光拼焊板微观组织和力学性能的变化。结果 与焊态拉伸试样相比,热成形试样抗拉强度提高了135%,断后伸长率降低了55%,拉伸试样都在22MnB5母材处断裂,均为塑性断裂。在热成形后,对焊接接头进行组织分析,发现QP1180母材区马氏体含量增加,22MnB5母材区和临界热影响区组织由珠光体和铁素体转变为马氏体,焊接接头热影响区各亚区的组织均转变为大小不同的板条马氏体。硬度测试结果表明,焊态试样焊接接头的QP1180临界区存在软化现象,硬度值最低为335HV,22MnB5侧硬度值由母材处向焊缝升高,母材硬度最低为170HV;而在热成形后,QP1180临界区软化现象消失,硬度值趋于平缓,22MnB5母材处硬度比焊态试样硬度高了2倍。结论 与焊态试样相比,经热成形后激光拼焊板的焊后软化问题得到了解决。     

TWIP钢激光拼焊板的力学性能及微观组织分析

为评价TWIP钢的焊接性能,对1.2 mm厚的Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢进行了激光拼焊实验,用线扫描分析了锰元素的分布,对拼焊板进行了拉伸试验,用扫描电镜观察了拉伸断口形貌,采用背散射电子分析技术分析了拉伸前后的组织变化及孪晶形成,测试了维氏硬度的分布曲线.实验结果表明:焊缝区未发生Mn元素的挥发,室温下为显著的柱状枝晶铸态组织;断裂发生在存在气孔等微小缺陷的焊缝区,拼焊板强度与母材接近,韧性显著降低;拉伸过程中有大量的形变孪晶形成,拉伸前后均为全奥氏体组织.     

双相钢激光拼焊板温成形拉深性能分析研究

板料的温塑性成形方法已经得到广泛使用,可以运用到双相钢激光拼焊板成形中以提高其成形性能。以盒形件为分析对象对双相钢激光拼焊板的温拉深性能进行了研究,通过温单拉实验、盒形件温拉深过程的有限元模拟与实冲实验以及金相实验,分析了双相钢激光拼焊板由常温到500℃各个温度下的力学性能与拉深性能。结果表明:成形温度对双相钢激光拼焊板温拉深影响比较显著,在400～500℃温度范围内进行温成形,能获得较好的成形性能。     

拼焊板在盒形件拉伸过程中的焊缝移动研究

分析了激光拼焊板在冲压成形过程中焊缝移动的基本原理,推导了单向拉伸情况下焊缝移动的基本公式;概述了拼焊板数值模拟建模的基本方法,并运用商业有限元软件AutoForm对盒形件拉伸过程中的焊缝移动进行了预测,将分析结果与国外实验结果进行对比,得出初始焊缝位置对焊缝移动的影响的基本规律.     

拼焊板焊缝方向对其单向拉伸性能的影响研究

为提高拼焊板成形性,用单拉实验来研究拼焊板焊缝方向对其拉伸性能的影响.采用解析、实验和有限元法研究了拼焊板焊缝方向对其综合延伸率、失效模式的影响.结果表明,当焊缝角度较小时,失效表现为焊缝开裂;随着焊缝角度增大,平均延伸率非线性减小,且变化速率逐渐减小.当焊缝角度超过一定值后,失效变为薄侧母材开裂,并随着焊缝角度增大拼焊板综合延伸率逐渐增大,且增大的速率逐渐减小.在失效模式转换时,焊缝角度相应存在一个临界点,这一临界角度大小主要依赖于焊缝和薄侧母材性能.适当的焊缝角度有利于拼焊板成形性能的提高和失效模式的控制.     

焊缝对拼焊板成形性能的影响

采用激光焊接技术对冷轧薄钢板进行拼焊,通过对拼焊板进行拉伸试验和模拟成形性能试验,研究分析了焊缝对拉伸性能参数和成形性能参数的影响,比较了拼焊板与母材性能的差异,分析了强度比和厚度比对塑性变形的影响及应变分布。     

拼焊板焊接工艺及其对拼焊板塑性变形影响的试验研究

通过拼焊板试件拉伸试验对拼焊板的塑性变形性能进行了分析研究 ,讨论了拼焊板的几种实用焊接技术 ,给出了拼焊板的机械性能参数 ,比较了焊缝处于拉伸试样不同位置时拼焊板与母材的拉伸试验结果 .分析了焊缝分布对拼焊板塑性变形性能的影响 ,以及如何优化焊缝位置以提高拼焊板的整体塑性变形能力 .     

新型超高强度钢的高温形变热处理

采用高温形变热处理(TMT)+后续冷(热)处理的方法对新型超高强度钢(G33钢)进行处理,研究了不同工艺参数对G33钢微观组织及准静态(10-3s-1)拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明:G33钢的最佳处理工艺为50%形变量的高温(1078℃)形变热处理+-73℃/1h冷处理+200℃/2h回火,此工艺下钢的屈服强度为1685MPa,极限抗拉强度为2130MPa,断后伸长率为14.0%。     

轻量化拼焊板构件塑性成形研究进展

拼焊板构件因容易实现轻量化、低成本、短周期成形制造而被广泛应用于飞机、汽车工业中,但在这类构件的塑性成形中,焊缝引入的材料、几何、边界条件非线性显著增加了成形复杂性,导致成形质量及成形极限下降,尤其是在具有强烈不均匀变形特征的弯曲、旋压等局部加载塑性成形中表现得更加明显,极大制约了轻量化拼焊板构件的精确塑性成形。为此,国内外学者在拼焊板构件弯曲及旋压变形机理与成形规律方面开展了大量研究。从焊接材料不均匀力学行为表征、拼焊板构件弯曲及旋压成形有限元建模、焊缝特征对变形行为影响及工艺设计等方面综述了相关研究进展,最后提出了拼焊板构件塑性成形仍面临的关键难题与挑战,对认识和发展轻量化拼焊板构件塑性成形具有重要指导意义和参考价值。     

双相钢拼焊板温拉伸力学性能及组织分析

为了揭示温变形工艺参数对双相钢拼焊板宏观力学性能及组织演变的影响规律,在不同变形温度和应变速率条件下对DP590双相钢拼焊板进行温拉伸试验和微观组织观察,将变形温度和应变速率对材料温成形过程的综合影响统一为Zener-Hollomon(Z)参数来研究材料宏观力学性能和微观组织演变.实验结果表明,随着Z参数的降低,材料越容易发生动态再结晶,流变应力-应变曲线越低,断后延伸率逐渐提高,平均晶粒尺寸有长大的趋势.本研究对于通过Z参数优化DP590双相钢拼焊板温变形宏观力学性能和微观组织具有一定的参考价值.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from