Texture evolution of 440 MPa grade Nb-bearing high strength IF steel during rolling and annealing process

The texture evolution from rolling process to annealing process of 440 MPa grade Nb-bearing high strength IF steel (IF-HSS) was studied. Moreover, the texture of different section in thickness direction of steel sheet after annealing was investigated. Macro-texture measurements using XRD shows that hot rolling texture in Nb-bearing IF-HSS includes a weak γ-fiber and α-fiber, of which main texture components are {001}<110>,{111}<110> and {111}<112>. It is worthy of note that the γ-fiber skeleton line formed after hot rolling. During cold rolling, the absolute maximum shifts to {111}<112> along the γ-fiber and the maximum along the α-fiber shifts to {112} <110>. During recrystallization annealing process, the weaker α-fiber and stronger γ-fiber cold rolling texture transformed to a very strong γ-fiber annealing texture. After annealing the main components from surface to mid-section along thickness display the same character for both α-fiber and γ-fiber, while textures intensity at 1/4 section is higher than that of surface and mid-section.     

Analysis for twinning and slip in face-centered cubic crystals under axisymmetric co-deformation

The maximum work principle of Bishop-Hill was developed to analyze the axisymmetric co-deformation in face-centered cubic crystals (f.c.c.) for twinning on {111} 112 and slip on {111} 110 systems. The influence of ξ , the ratio of critical re- solved shear stress for twinning to slip, on the yield stress states and corresponding active slip or/and twinning systems for orientations in the standard stereographic triangle of cubic crystal was investigated systematically. The Taylor factors and the anisotropy of yield strength for three important orientations [100], [110] and [111] in orientation space were analyzed. It is found that the yield strength asymmetry for the case of axisymmetric de- formation of tension and compression can be explained based on the microscopic theory of crystal plasticity. The concept of orientation factor for twinning ability was proposed and the deformation mechanism map in the orientation space was established for the case of axisymmetric deformation. The deformation texture formation and development of f.c.c. crystals with low stacking fault energy for axisymmetric tension can be explained qualita- tively on the basis of analyzed results.     

Microstructure and texture evolution during warm compression of the magnesium alloy AZ31

The evolution of the microstructure and texture with strain during compression at 150℃ of the magnesium alloy AZ31 has been investigated using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. The initial samples were chosen to have a strong basal plane texture with the crystal c-axes perpendicular to the compression direction. The EBSD data provide evidence concerning the relative activity of both {10-12} extension twinning and slip, and suggest that non-basal slip is important in samples deformed to a strain of more than 0.2. The relative contributions of the twinning and the slip during deformation have been discussed based on the results above.     

Superplastic deformation behavior and mechanism of 1420 Al-Li alloy sheets with elongated grains

True stress-true strain curve, microstructure and texture information were obtained to investigate the superplastic deformation behavior of 1420 Al-Li alloy sheets with initial elongated grains. From the true stress-true curve, the stress increases with the increase of strain to 0.15, then dramatically decreases with the increase of strain to 0.80, and finally keeps almost a horizontal line. Meanwhile, initial elongated grains are gradually changed into equiaxed grains and the initial strong Brass {0 1 1} 〈2 1 1〉 and S {1 2 3} 〈6 3 4〉 orientations are turned into nearly random orientation with increasing strain. All these results suggest that dislocation activity is the dominant mechanism during the first stage, then dynamic recrystallization occurs, and grain rotation is expected as an accommodation for grain boundary sliding (GBS). At larger strains, grain boundary migration (GBM) becomes necessary to accommodate GBS.     

Examination of dynamic recrystallization during compression of AZ31 magnesium

This study aimed to investigate dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior during compression of magnesium alloy AZ31. Cylinder samples were cut from the extruded rod and hot rolled sheet AZ31 for compression test. The samples were compressed using a Gleeble 1500D at a temperature of 300℃ and a strain rate of 0.01 s-1. Grain orientations and misorientation angles across grain boundaries for the tested samples were obtained by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The results showed that strong basal texture was observed after 50% compression (ε = 0.69) on both the extruded and hot rolled samples, which have different initial textures. It was observed that with increased strain, DRX grains gradually rotated to basal orientation, and grain boundaries with misorientation angle of near 30° was formed in the samples. At the strain of 0.69, a high fraction of high-angle (> 60°) bounda-ries was present in the extruded sample, whereas almost no high angle boundaries were observed in the hot rolled sheet sample.     

塑性变形单晶铜线材织构的研究

将单晶连铸技术制备的直径Φ8 mm工业单晶铜线材,在C733-4/ZF型工业拉丝机上按同一方向冷拔至直径分别为Φ4 mm、Φ2 mm和Φ1 mm的铜线材,应用极图分析和织构定量计算的方法研究了变形量与织构的关系.结果表明:变形单晶铜线材中的形变织构主要为<100>丝织构,也有少量<110>丝织构;随着变形量的增加,<100>丝织构的体积百分数先减小后增加,而<110>丝织构先增加后减小.     

电子显微取向成像及其在单晶铜线材研究中的应用

本文从基本原理、设备构造、角度和空间分辩率、试样制备方法以及数据处理等方面,系统地介绍了一种新的材料研究方法——电子显微取向成像.同时,结合在研课题的一些研究进展,针对变形前后单晶铜线材的组织演化,探讨了电子显微取向成像技术在微观组织、织构和晶体转动以及位错界面分析等中的应用,以展现电子显微取向成像的功能和应用.     

Deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during high temperature compression

The deformation behavior of a new Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was investigated with compression tests in temperature range of 380–470 °C and strain rate range of 0.001–10 s⁻¹ using Gleeble 1500 system, and the associated microstructural evolutions were studied by metallographic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that true stress—strain curves exhibit a peak stress, followed by a dynamic flow softening at low strains (ɛ<0.05). The stress decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon exponential equation with the activation energy for deformation of 157.9 kJ/mol. The substructure in the deformed specimens consists of few fine precipitates with equaixed polygonized subgrains in the elongated grains and developed serrations at the grain boundaries. The dynamic flow softening is attributed mainly to dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. Foundation item: Project(2006AA03Z523) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

单晶铜线材的表面氧化研究

为了解决单晶铜线材在存储过程中的氧化问题,本文通过氧化增重实验,对不同组织、不同纯度铜线材的表面氧化行为进行了研究.结果表明:温度的高低对铜线材的氧化速率起决定性作用,不同铜线材对温度的敏感程度不同.单晶铜的氧化速率低于多晶铜,纯度越高的单晶铜抗氧化性能越好.单晶铜的氧化速率与其晶粒取向有关,生长方向为<100>的单晶铜更容易氧化.铜线材的氧化速率是由Cu2O的生长速度控制的,主要因素是铜离子向外扩散的速率.低纯单晶铜和多晶铜的氧化膜均容易脱落,不能对基体起到应有的保护作用.     

5052铝合金轧制织构演变的定量分析

采用X射线衍射仪研究了5052铝合金在冷轧过程中织构的演变规律,建立了织构体积分数与轧制真应变的数学关系式。结果表明,在冷轧过程中初始的cube织构逐渐转化为纤维轧制织构,随冷轧压下量的增加,cube、r-cube、remainder和r-Goss组分的体积分数减少,而纤维组分的体积分数增加;织构体积分数与轧制真应变的数学关系式能很好地模拟铝合金轧制过程中织构的演变;分析了轧制过程中不同织构组分的演变速率,发现随轧制真应变的增加,纤维组分的形成速率先增加而后降低。     

Flow stress behavior of Cu13Zn alloy deformed at elevated temperature

Ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｓａｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｏｆａｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｔｏｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｌｙａｐ ｐｌｉｅｄｌｏａｄｉｎｇ ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ .Ｔｈｅｐｒｅ ｃｉｓｅｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｓｔｈｅｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｍａｔｅｒｉ…     

Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Hot-rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet at Elevated Temperatures

1IntroductionAs a typical wrought magnesiumalloy,AZ31alloyhas a wide prospect for applications inthe fields of auto-mobiles,electronic appliances and aeronautic facili-ties[1,2].However,due to the hexagonal close-packed(HCP)structure of magnesium,the ductility of AZ31al-loy at roomtemperature is rather poor,which greatly re-stricts its applications in structural fields[3-5].Owing tothe activation of non-basal slip system[6],the ductility ofMg alloycan be significantlyimproved at elevatedtem…     

Cu-Fe复合材料中铁纤维对其性能的影响

采用液固两相铸造复合工艺制备了铁纤维增强铜基复合材料,研究了深度变形过程中铁组元纤维化对复合材料性能的影响．结果发现,在冷拔过程中,复合材料的强度随着形变量的增加而增大,但只有当中间退火后的形变量高于O．5时,复合材料中铁纤维的强化作用才比较明显,并且形变量越大,强化作用越大．纤维与基体之间是一种弱界面结合,复合材料的断裂韧性能良好．     

单晶铜线材在制备过程中的晶粒演化

采用了热型连续铸造方法,选用相同的工艺参数制备出不同直径的铜线材,用光学显微镜分析了线材晶粒形成及生长过程.结果表明:在一定的牵引速度下,纯铜线材晶粒生长的特征是从引晶开始阶段的等轴多晶体渐渐演化为柱状多晶体,最终形成单晶体;随着线材直径的增大,起始晶粒个数在增加;生长成单晶的时间也在增加,经X射线衍射和透射电镜分析能够确定,单晶铜线材晶体择优生长方向为<100>.     

An unconventional phase field modeling of domains formation and evolution in tetragonal ferroelectrics

Based on characteristic functions of variants, we developed an unconventional phase field modeling for investigating domains formation and evolution in tetragonal ferroelectrics. In order to develop this computational approach, we constructed the anisotropy energy of tetragonal variants, which is used instead of Landau-Devonshire potential in the conventional phase field method, resulting in that much fewer parameters are needed for simulations. This approach is advantageous in simulations of emerging ferroelectric materials. We employ it to study the formation and evolution of domains in tetragonal barium titanate single crystal, as well as the nonlinear behaviors under cyclical stress and electric field loading. A multi-rank laminated ferroelectric domain pattern, 90° domain switching accompanied by polarization rotation, and 180° domain switching accompanied by move of domain wall are predicted. It is found that the speed of 90° domain switching is slower than that of 180° domain switching, due to both polarization and transformation strain changed in 90° domain switching. It also suggests that large strain actuation can be generated in single crystal ferroelectrics via combined electromechanical loading inducing 90° domain switching. The good agreement between simulation results and experimental measurements is observed.     

Evolution of Grain Structure and Texture for 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy during Friction Stir Welding

Stop-action technique was employed in order to study grain structure and texture evolution of thin 6082-T6 aluminum alloy sheets during friction stir welding(FSW). The evolutions of microstructure and texture were studied in different regions(ahead, behind, far behind the tool and base material as well) of the deformed samples. Materials ahead the tool experienced shear deformation were induced by rotation of the tool as well as the shoulder, which can pronounce copper and Goss texture. Grains behind the tool experienced dynamic recovery and recrystallization, exhibiting a characteristic of {110}001 recrystallization Goss texture. Materials far behind the tool probably experienced more thermal cycling. Recrystallization grains will grow and present {100}012 texture. In addition, the shoulder gave rise to a large shear stress that led to {111}110 shear texture.     

Heat transfer analysis of feedthrough flange under high alternating current condition

The heat transfer characteristics of feedthrough flange under high alternating current excitation were investigated by three-dimensional finite element model. The correlations between the heat transfer behaviors and system parameters including applied current, ceramic thickness and working time were discussed comprehensively. A remarkable absorbed power beyond 100 W in flange would be produced by the electromagnetic field from wires. Under natural cooling condition, there is an obvious temperature rise about 40°C in the flange center after 10 min of current excitation. Three types of water cooling solutions acting on flange surface, e.g. line type, circle type and S type solutions, were proposed to reduce the flange temperature under high alternating current and long working time condition. By the S type water cooling mode, the best cooling effect can be achieved that the maximum temperature rise is about 20°C and the average temperature rise is less than 5°C.     

小直径金属线材单晶化技术原理及工艺

在系统研究单晶连铸的基础上，提出小直径线材单晶化技术，该技术结合区域熔化技术和连续铸造技术，实现了“三个连续”，即送料连续、加热熔化连续、引锭连续．他能克服单晶连铸对所制备的单晶线材长度和直径的限制．理论和工艺实验结果表明，小直径线材单晶化技术满足制备单晶线材对固液界面的要求，可将直径较粗的多晶金属线材直接拉制成长度不受限制、直径较细的单晶金属线材，功率和连铸速度适当配合时，可在较大范围内获得表面光滑的单晶铜线材。     

Deformation behavior of Cu-12wt%Al alloy wires with continuous columnar crystals in dieless drawing process

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-12wt%Al alloy wires which are composed of continuous columnar crystals after dieless drawing forming at drawing speed of 1.0―1.4 mm/s and deformation temperature of 600―900℃ were analyzed, and deformation behavior of the alloy during dieless drawing forming was experimentally investigated. The results showed that in the abovemen-tioned conditions, recrystallization phenomenon was not found during dieless drawing forming. When a drawing speed of 1.0 mm/s was...     

Electrodeposition of Ni-Co-Fe2O3 composite coatings

Ni-Co-Fe₂O₃ composite coatings were electrodeposited using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified Watt’s nickel bath with Fe₂O₃ particles dispersed in it. The effects of the plating parameters on the chemical composition, structural and morphological characteristics of the electrodeposited Ni-Co-Fe₂O₃ composite coatings were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that Fe₂O₃ particles can be codeposited in the Ni-Co matrix. The codeposition of Fe₂O₃ particles with Ni-Co is favoured at high Fe₂O₃ particle concentration and medium stirring, and the deposition of Co is favoured at high concentration of CTAB. Moreover, the study of the textural perfection of the deposits reveals that the presence of particles leads to the worsening of the quality of the observed 〈220〉 preferred orientation. Composites with high concentration of embedded particles exhibit a preferred crystal orientation of 〈111〉. The more the embedded Fe₂O₃ particles in the metallic matrix, the smaller the sizes of the crystallite for the composite deposits.