橄榄油制备生物柴油的工艺研究

实验是通过以橄榄油为原料,四氢呋喃作共溶剂,NaOH为催化剂制备生物柴油。用气相色谱分析方法,通过对反应温度、醇油摩尔比、催化剂的量、反应时间的研究,得出在各自的最优化条件下橄榄油、为97.3％。     

茶油的精制方法及应用

茶油具有＂东方橄榄油＂的美称,其物理化学性质与橄榄油相似,其脂肪酸组成和甘油三酯结构与橄榄油相同,还含有橄榄油所没有的特定生理活性物质如山茶苷、山茶皂苷、茶多酚等性质,具有丰富的营养价值和应用价值.本文主要介绍了茶油的精制方法、应用及其发展前景.     

橄榄油化学组成及应用综述

橄榄油是一种天然绿色营养保健植物油脂.本文着重阐述橄榄油的成分、物理特性及在医药、日化方面的应用.     

超声波喷雾干燥微胶囊化橄榄油的存储稳定性研究

采用超声波喷雾干燥方法对橄榄油进行微胶囊化研究,探讨进风温度对橄榄油微胶囊含水量及包埋率的影响,进而评价微胶囊化橄榄油的存储稳定性。橄榄油的超声波喷雾微胶囊化研究结果显示：进风温度过高造成橄榄油微胶囊色泽加深,油脂析出,包埋率降低;进风温度过低导致橄榄油微胶囊干燥不充分,含水量较高。对喷雾干燥条件进行优化后获得橄榄油超声波喷雾微胶囊化条件：进风温度180℃,进料速率6 r/min。此条件下制备的橄榄油微胶囊包埋率可达98.2%。存储稳定性研究结果表明：橄榄油在不同光照、温度和湿度等条件下存储至30 d时,光照下微胶囊化橄榄油的过氧化值约是未包埋橄榄油的1/5,酸值约是未包埋橄榄油的1/3;避光下微胶囊化橄榄油过氧化值及酸值约是未包埋橄榄油的2/3;因温度升高,未包埋橄榄油氧化值增加1倍左右,酸值最大值可增加77.8%,而微胶囊化橄榄油过氧化值增加仅15%,酸值最大增加40.5%。微胶囊化橄榄油的过氧化值及酸值均低于未包埋橄榄油,微胶囊对橄榄油起到延缓氧化的作用,提高了橄榄油的存储稳定性。     

几种食用油中不饱和脂肪酸和皂化值的测定研究

以茶籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、芝麻油、花生油为原料,利用容量分析方法测定其不饱和脂肪酸含量及皂化值.经碘酊法测定,这5种食油用的不饱和脂肪酸含量(以碘值衡量)最高的为茶籽油,达95.46g·(100g)-1,碘值最低的为花生油54.67g·( 100g)-1.这5种植物油碘值由大至小依次为:茶籽油＞玉米油＞橄榄油＞芝麻油＞...     

食品接触材料橄榄油总迁移测定中橄榄油甲酯化条件优化研究

以橄榄油甲基酯总峰面积、橄榄油甲基酯峰面积和内标物峰面积比值、酯化曲线线性相关系数和回收率为评价指标,比较了回流和超声2种方法对橄榄油甲酯化效果的影响。通过比较上述4个指标,发现2种方法甲酯化效果相当。食品接触材料橄榄油中总迁移量测试过程中,橄榄油甲酯化实验可用超声替代回流,以缩短实验周期,提高检验效率。     

火山矿泥Pickering乳液的制备及其pH稳定性

以五大连池火山矿泥颗粒为乳化剂,以橄榄油为油相,去离子水为水相,通过L9(34)正交试验优化制备工艺,制备火山矿泥Pickering乳液,对制备后乳液的粒度、微观形貌、Zeta电位进行分析,并对其pH稳定性进行研究.结果表明,按质量分数橄榄油20％,矿泥乳化颗粒3％,去离子水77％的配方,在40℃,80 MPa下进行高...     

中药手工皂的制备及其质量评价

选出合适的配方,按照配方制作洋甘菊皂和金盏花皂,并对其各个性能指标以及抑菌活性进行测定.结果显示最适宜的手工皂配比为椰子油:棕榈油:橄榄油=15:20:65,其中洋甘菊与金盏花橄榄油浸泡液添加量为10％,该条件下手工皂形态、硬度皆适中,其余各项性能指标均达到相关行业标准,但对耐卡那霉素的大肠杆菌无抗性.故两种手工皂各项...     

膜反应器包衣酶法水解橄榄油的研究

在聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜反应器油-水两相体系中,使用表面活性剂包衣酶催化水解橄榄油。含有橄榄油和包衣酶的油相(有机相)在中空纤维膜管束内循环流动,而在纤维膜管束外则是水相循环。实验表明橄榄油和油酸的截留率分别为91％和82％,包衣酶全部截留在管束内。在30℃、橄榄油浓度为0.62 mol/L时,包衣酶催化底物转化率为60％,是相应脂肪酶催化转化率的2倍。     

希腊橄榄油的加工技术

介绍希腊橄榄油加工和市场现状,关键技术及其特征,主要设备,橄榄油的等级、质量指标和感官评价,化学组成及分析方法,影响橄榄油质量的因素,废水和果渣的组成及其副产物的开发利用以及橄榄油的食用及药用功能等,提出油橄榄的综合利用和加工方向。     

微波强化棉籽油制备生物柴油的研究

利用微波强化以棉籽油和甲醇为原料,KOH为催化剂制备生物柴油。考察醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和微波功率对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明,醇油摩尔比为9∶1,催化剂用量为1.0%,反应时间为3 min,微波功率360 W为最优反应条件。在此反应条件下生物柴油产率可达94%。与传统合成方法相比,该方法可缩短反应时间30~35 min。所得生物柴油主要质量指标达到我国和欧洲(EN14214)生物柴油质量标准,通过红外光谱分析表明,棉籽油生物柴油具有生物柴油所含的官能团。     

Production of biodiesel through transesterification of Jatropha oil using KNO3/Al2O3 solid catalyst

The purpose of the work to study biodiesel production by transesterification of Jatropha oil with methanol in a heterogeneous system, using alumina loaded with potassium nitrate as a solid base catalyst. Followed by calcination, the dependence of the conversion of Jatropha oil on the reaction variables such as the catalyst loading, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature, agitation speed and the reaction time was studied. The conversion was over 84% under the conditions of 70 °C, methanol/oil mole ratio of 12:1, reaction time 6 h, agitation speed 600 rpm and catalyst amount (catalyst/oil) of 6% (w). Kinetic study of reaction was also done.     

叔丁醇共溶剂用于制备生物柴油的研究

利用叔丁醇作为共溶剂可使棕榈油、甲醇和催化剂形成均相体系,用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油,可以缩短反应时间。实验以棕榈油为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在带夹套的玻璃反应器内进行反应。考察了共溶剂质量分数、催化剂质量分数、反应温度、醇油摩尔比等因素对生物柴油产率的影响,获得了最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,当叔丁醇质量为棕榈油质量的11.6%,催化剂质量为油质量的1.0%,反应温度为60℃,醇油摩尔比为6∶1时,反应2 m in后生物柴油产率达到了90%。     

白云石非均相催化合成生物柴油的工艺研究

以大豆油、甲醇为原料,研究了通过白云石催化酯交换反应制取生物柴油的工艺的条件。用气相色谱-质谱分析法,并对反应温度、醇油摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂的用量及催化剂粒径进行考察,得出最佳合成条件为:反应温度65℃、反应时间2h、醇油摩尔比7:1,催化剂用量2%,催化剂粒径为80～150目,在此条件下得到生物柴油转化率为77.36%。     

Optimization of the production of biodiesel from soybean oil by ultrasound assisted methanolysis

This paper evaluates and optimizes the production of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The study and optimization was carried out at low catalyst concentration (0.2 to 0.6 w/w). The reaction was carried out with application of low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature in a batch reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the influence of methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration on soybean oil conversion into biodiesel. Analysis of the operating conditions by RSM showed that the most important operating condition affecting the reaction was the methanol to oil ratio, while catalyst amount showed little significance in the transesterification reaction. Total consumption of oil was obtained when alcohol to oil ratio of 9:1 and catalyst concentration of 0.2 w/w were applied.     

茶油精炼副产物皂脚制备生物柴油的研究

以茶油精炼副产物皂脚和甲醇为原料,NaOH为催化剂,经酯交换合成生物柴油,研究了工艺条件对皂脚合成生物柴油收率的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为:醇油摩尔比为5∶1,反应时间为30 min,反应温度为30℃,催化剂NaOH用量为油重的0.7%,反应收率为98.0%。     

NaOH/PAM催化剂对合成生物柴油的影响

大麻籽油和甲醇经NaOH/PAM催化合成生物柴油,本实验在醇油比固定的情况下考察了催化剂的碱含量、催化剂用量对酯交换转化率的影响、碱量及反应时间分别对转化率和皂化百分数的影响,采用红外光谱技术对催化剂进行分析,确定了较适宜的反应条件.结果表明:实际碱量随NaOH添加量的增加而增加；催化剂用量增加,原料油转化率增加；反应时间的增加,原料油转化率曲线增加到一定水平后趋于平缓；较适宜的反应条件为PN-4催化剂用量3％,反应时间为60 min.     

Methane Dehydroaromatization on Mo/HMCM-22 Catalysts: Effect of SiO2/Al2O3 Ratio of HMCM-22 Zeolite Supports

Zn/I₂ was found to be a practical and effective catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the reaction time and the catalyst amount, was performed. The highest conversion of 96% was obtained under the optimum conditions. Further, the effect of free fatty acids and water in the soybean oil on the catalytic activity of the catalysts was also investigated.     

负载型固体碱催化合成甲酯生物柴油的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Na2CO3/高岭土负载型固体碱催化剂,用于催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备甲酯生物柴油。考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应转化率的影响,并通过单因素试验确定了最优工艺条件。结果表明:反应时间4 h、反应温度60℃、催化剂用量3%和醇油摩尔比12∶1条件下,酯交换反应转化率达到90.5%。     

Effect of Different Cosolvents on Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil in a Microreactor

Biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oil combined with methanol. The process was performed via transesterification in a microreactor using kettle limescale as a heterogeneous catalyst and various cosolvents under different conditions. n‐Hexane and tetrahydrofuran were selected as cosolvents to investigate fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). To optimize the reaction conditions, the main parameters affecting FAME% including reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, oil‐to‐methanol volumetric ratio, and cosolvent‐to‐methanol volumetric ratio were studied via response surface methodology. Under optimal reaction conditions and in the presence of the cosolvents n‐hexane and tetrahydrofuran, high FAME purities were achieved. Considering the experimental results, the limescale catalyst is a unique material, and the cosolvent method can reduce significantly the reaction time and biodiesel production cost.