膜结构的多目标形态优化

根据膜结构的力学特点,建立膜结构的多目标形态优化模型,确定"刚度最大"、"受荷后应力分布最均匀"和"支座反力最小"为优化目标,并明确各目标的数学表达形式;重点比较用于描述刚度的三种表达形式(应变能、最大位移和平均位移)在力学概念及优化结果上的区别;通过加权系数法将多目标优化问题转化为单目标问题,并采用遗传算法进行求解;最后,给出相关算例对上述理论和方法进行验证.研究结果表明:膜结构形态优化模型是有效的、实用的;采用不同的刚度描述指标对优化结果影响很大,其中,应变能最能反映膜结构刚度的本质,优化结果也更为合理;结合加权系数法和遗传算法,可以获得各项力学性能均较为理想的优化结果.     

有支撑钢框架离散型拓扑优化设计

为了研究离散型拓扑优化理论在实际工程中的应用,在遗传算法和渐进结构优化算法的基础上对有支撑钢框架的离散型拓扑优化设计进行了分析.通过引入拓扑变量并修改无效杆件的弹性模量,提出了一个能适用于桁架结构、刚架结构和桁架刚架混合结构的离散型拓扑优化问题统一数学列式.该统一数学列式能解决桁架拓扑优化问题中以截面面积作为设计变量而...     

一种应用于预应力钢结构的混合优化设计算法

提出了一种综合运用数学规划法、满应力准则法和遗传算法的混合优化设计算法,解决预应力钢结构优化设计中两类变量、三个方面的优化设计问题,分别为连续变量、非连续变量和形状优化、截面优化、预应力优化。通过算法原理分析和算例计算,表明该优化算法有一定的应用价值。     

Two-stage Optimization Based on Force Method for Damage Identification of Planar and Space Trusses

In this study, an efficient two-stage optimization procedure based on the force method is proposed to properly identify the sites and extents of multiple damages in the planar and space truss structures. In the first stage, the elements which have the higher probability of damages are selected by using the anti-optimization (AO) method and the weighed sum procedure. In the second stage, the genetic algorithm (GA) is performed to determine the actual damage sites and their extents based on the force method. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are proved through the planar and space truss structures. The results from the present study indicate that the combination of the first stage with the second one can provide a reliable tool to accurately and efficiently identify the multiple damages of truss structures.     

脊谷式膜结构的形态优化分析

建立了以刚度最大、应力分布最均匀和支座反力最小为优化目标,以遗传算法为优化算法的膜结构多目标形态优化方法,对脊谷式膜结构进行了形态优化分析.揭示了在不同荷载形式下脊谷式膜结构的最优形态及其对应的结构参数关系,探讨了荷载大小、结构跨度及膜材预应力等参数对最优形态的影响,并给出了雪荷载与风荷载的组合作用下脊谷式膜结构最优设计参数取值范围,为脊谷式膜结构的设计提供了明确的指导.     

大型或复杂钢结构焊接残余应力与变形研究进展

综述了大型或复杂钢结构焊接残余应力与变形的研究进展,给出了材料高温性能、网格自适应技术、并行计算技术、子结构子模型技术及分解算法等焊接钢结构模拟新技术的研究现状,讨论了厚板、节点、整体复杂结构焊接残余应力的研究进展,总结了焊接残余应力的测量方法及应用情况,给出了大型或复杂结构今后的研究方向。结果表明:大型或复杂结构焊接残余应力在数值模拟方法、构件或整体结构性能、测量技术等方面都取得了一定的进展,随着大型复杂钢结构日益增多,研究焊接残余应力和变形问题将对工程结构的设计、施工及结构安全有十分重要的意义。     

空间网格结构基于离散变量的优化设计

空间网格结构离散变量的优化设计是空间网格结构的截面尺寸优化、形状优化、拓扑优化和布局优化的理论基础。本文在建立空间网格结构离散变量优化设计问题数学模型的基础上,分析了空间网格结构离散变量优化设计的特点和算法效率。文中采用相对差商法。对空间网格结构杆件截面尺寸的离散变量优化设计问题进行了研究和探讨。文章最后给出了两个算例,计算结果验证了本文理论的正确性和有效性。     

Optimum design of steel truss arch bridges using a hybrid genetic algorithm

The design of steel truss arch bridges is formulated as an optimization problem. The objective function considered is the weight of the steel truss arch bridge. The objective function is minimized subjected to the design constraints of strength (stress) and serviceability (deflection). An efficient, accurate, and robust algorithm is proposed for optimal design of steel truss arch bridges. The proposed algorithm integrates the concepts of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the finite element method. A real-coded/integer-coded method is used to realistically represent the values of the design variables. Three GA operators consisting of constraint aggregate selection procedure, arithmetic crossover, and non-uniform mutation are proposed. Finite element method is used to compute values of implicit objective functions. A numerical example involving a detailed computational model of a long span steel truss arch bridge with a main span of 552 m is presented to demonstrate the applicability and merits of the proposed method.     

A combination of damage locating vector method (DLV) and differential evolution algorithm (DE) for structural damage assessment

In this study, a two-stage method is presented for identifying multiple damage scenarios. In the first stage, the damage locating vector (DLV) method using normalized cumulative energy (nce) is employed for damage localization in structures. In the second stage, the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used for damage severity of the structures. In addition, in the second stage, a modification of an available objective function is made for handing the issue of symmetric structures. To verify the effectiveness of the present technique, numerical examples of a 72-bar space truss and a one-span steel portal frame are considered. In addition, the effect of noise on the performance of the identification results is also investigated. The numerical results show that the proposed combination gives good assessment of damage location and extent for multiple structural damage cases.     

基于数值逆吊法的树状结构智能设计算法

由于美观的造型以及高效的结构效率,树状结构越来越多地应用于大型建筑以及地标性建筑中.树状结构研究的关键除找形问题外,更为关键的问题是最优拓扑的确定,即寻找能够高效承受外部荷载的各分枝之间的连接关系.在前期基于数值逆吊法研究成果的基础上,提出了树状结构的拓扑优化数值算法,该算法根据构件的效能选取移除分枝,最终达到每一级的...     

Optimal Layout of Bridge Trusses by Genetic Algorithms

In this paper we present an approach to the layout and shape-optimization problem of bridge truss structures using genetic algorithms. The objective is to find an optimal layout design that will have minimum weight or material volume, subject to performance constraints related to member stresses, joint displacements, and member buckling. An automated two-stage optimization search process, which integrates structural analysis by finite-element method, genetic algorithms, and cognitive topology patterns (domain knowledge), is developed to solve the optimal problem. Two examples concerning bridge truss structure are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in solving these layout-optimization problems.     

基于遗传算法的飞艇结构多目标优化

首先,根据软式飞艇结构的力学特点建立了飞艇结构的多目标优化模型,以外荷载作用下飞艇“应力最小”、“变形最小”及“自重最小”为优化目标,确定膜材厚度、膜材弹性模量、飞艇内气压及飞艇细长比为优化变量.其次通过加权系数法将多目标优化转化为单目标问题,并采用遗传算法进行求解.最后,采用此方法对某一飞艇结构进行多目标优化.研究结果表明：飞艇的优化模型是有效的;结合加权系数法和遗传算法,可以获得各个目标均较理想的优化结果;通过进行多目标优化可以为飞艇结构的设计提供合理建议.     

Energy-based design optimization of steel building frameworks using nonlinear response history analysis

Presented in this paper is a design optimization method for steel building frameworks subjected to seismic loading using a nonlinear response history analysis procedure. Minimum weight, minimum seismic input energy and maximum hysteretic energy of fuse members are identified as the three design objectives. Design constraints include the limits on inter-story drift and plastic rotation of member sections. The design optimization method employs a multi-objective genetic algorithm to search for optimal member section sizes from among commercially available steel section shapes. The design method is illustrated for a moment-resisting steel frame of a three-story building. It is concluded the proposed optimization methodology is an effective and efficient application of the capacity-design principle to building frameworks under earthquake loading.     

超高层建筑顶升模架系统的优化设计及智能建造

为研究超高层建筑顶升模架系统优化设计与现场智能化施工的数字化融合,提高材料使用效率和结构合理性,以西安某超高层建筑中所使用的顶模钢框架结构为对象,采用SIMP插值模型法,约束次桁架悬挑端竖向位移,以减少顶模钢框架结构钢材用量为目标进行优化,依据优化结果对顶模钢框架结构进行设计。应用智能建造与建筑工业化协同发展的研究成果,以拓扑优化设计、系统化安装、智能化施工为实施框架,通过拓扑优化设计结合智能化控制操作等工具,实现基于智能建造的优化型顶模钢框架结构; 系统梳理智能建造各阶段应用,利用施工管理平台,实现基于信息化模型的工程管控。结果表明:优化后顶模钢框架结构在满足约束条件情况下,在提升结构承载能力、刚度的同时,使钢框架自身重量减轻20%,降低了顶模钢框架结构用钢量,提升了钢材的使用效率,加强了拓扑优化设计与现场智能化施工的数字化融合,推动了智能化施工装备的施工应用。     

索穹顶结构预应力多目标优化的小生境遗传算法

根据索穹顶结构的柔性结构特点和力学特性,探索以质量最小、刚度最大和支座反力最小为目标函数,以预应力整体可行性准则、荷载态应力控制和位移限值为约束条件的多目标优化模型。结合自适应技术、预选择机制和共享函数小生境技术对传统遗传算法进行改进,利用加权系数法将多目标优化问题转换为单目标Pareto最优解问题。利用向量式有限元对不同预应力水平的结构进行静力分析。最后通过两个不同类型索穹顶算例,采用自编程序的计算结果证明所提出的方法是有效的,为索穹顶结构预应力优化分析提供了新的计算方法。     

一种高效的阻尼器优化设计方法

以隔离非线性方法为基础,并对基于种群的可行性遗传算法进行改进,提出了一种高效的阻尼器优化设计方法。首先基于隔离非线性方法基本思想,分别推导了附加位移型和速度型阻尼器消能减震结构的隔离非线性控制方程; 随后,采用基于种群可行性约束优化遗传算法对其中的初始种群生成方法及交叉、变异、选择算子进行改进,以提高算法在可行域边界附近的搜索能力; 最后,通过对某钢结构增设金属阻尼器进行工程加固,验证了该方法的准确性和高效性。结果表明:新方法拓展了隔离非线性方法的应用范围,提高了遗传算法在可行域边界附近的搜索能力和设计中的计算效率,是一种高效的阻尼器优化设计方法。     

广州珠江新城西塔施工过程中外框筒X节点应力分析

广州珠江新城西塔外框筒为巨型斜交网格体系,该结构体系中空间相贯X节点的实际力学响应特征对整个体系的承载能力尤为重要。为保证施工安全,从数值模拟及现场施工监测两方面对西塔结构施工过程中的X节点受力情况进行分析,结果表明,广州珠江新城西塔所采用的新型X节点在施工时处于弹性阶段,X节点构造合理,应力空间较大。     

基于层次分析OC-GA算法的钢骨混凝土框架柱优化设计

在工程结构优化理论的基础上,将钢骨混凝土框架柱的工程造价最小化和斜截面抗剪承载力最大化定为优化目标。根据型钢混凝土的受力特性,在多遇烈度地震下,应用最优性准则K-T条件对钢骨混凝土构件的混凝土截面尺寸进行优化设计;在基本烈度地震下应用层次分析遗传(GA)算法对钢骨混凝土构件中的型钢进行优化设计,从而建立层次分析OC-GA算法。综合考虑各种约束条件,运用层次分析OC-GA算法实施钢骨混凝土框架柱的优化设计,并通过优化设计实例证实所采用优化方法和设计思路的有效性和可行性。     

大跨度索杆张力结构的预应力分布计算

针对多自应力模态与机构位移模态索杆张力结构可行预应力分布求解的最复杂情形,为得到一种具有一定普遍意义的预应力优化求解策略,以该结构体系的一种新形式——大跨度环形平面空间索桁张力结构为基础,考虑其几何拓扑形式多样的特点,应用结构平衡矩阵理论与代数奇异值分解算法,通过对结构模态矩阵的分解变换及其组合运算,提出了一种可依据结构预应力分布的不同优化目标进行求解的新方法——目标选择优化法,使多自应力模态索杆张力结构体系的可行预应力分布求解工作得以便捷的实现。在此基础上,对大跨度索杆张力结构的预应力分布计算方法分三类进行了较为全面的总结;通过三种不同形式新型空间索杆张力结构的可行预应力分布求解算例,验证了上述计算方法的简捷与有效。     

Multi-objective optimal design of braced frames using hybrid genetic and ant colony optimization

In this article, multi-objective optimization of braced frames is investigated using a novel hybrid algorithm. Initially, the applied evolutionary algorithms, ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are reviewed, followed by developing the hybrid method. A dynamic hybridization of GA and ACO is proposed as a novel hybrid method which does not appear in the literature for optimal design of steel braced frames. Not only the cross section of the beams, columns and braces are considered to be the design variables, but also the topologies of the braces are taken into account as additional design variables. The hybrid algorithm explores the whole design space for optimum solutions. Weight and maximum displacement of the structure are employed as the objective functions for multi-objective optimal design. Subsequently, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the two objective problem are converted to a single objective optimization problem and the proposed hybrid genetic ant colony algorithm (HGAC) is developed for optimal design. Assuming different combination for weight coefficients, a trade-off between the two objectives are obtained in the numerical example section. To make the final decision easier for designers, related constraint is applied to obtain practical topologies. The achieved results show the capability of HGAC to find optimal topologies and sections for the elements.