基于随机几何的低轨星座下行通信链路仿真与分析

低轨卫星网络具有低成本、大容量、广覆盖的特性,是未来空天地海一体化网络中的重要支柱和6G网络的关键组成部分,开展链路分析对于低轨星座链路设计与优化具有重要意义。由于低轨卫星移动性强、星地电磁环境复杂、链路较长等特点,星地信息传输与传统地面移动通信有着显著差异。根据低轨星座的特性构建星座网络的随机几何BPP模型,并针对低轨星座空间分布及移动特征,分析了单星及多星场景下的损耗、干扰等对星地通信链路的影响。通过给出星座系统干扰期望计算方法,并基于所构建BPP网络对星地通信链路特性进行仿真。仿真结果表明,构建随机几何的基于BPP分布的星座模型可以很好地模拟卫星网络的状态,采用随机几何对低轨星座下行通信链路进行仿真分析,能够得到更具泛化的星座构型下低轨星座对地面站的干扰情况,为巨型低轨星座网络分析及星地链路设计提供了参考。     

低轨卫星星座物联网业务量建模

随着物联网(IoT)规模的不断发展,其业务需求呈现出多样化、全球化的趋势.针对地面物联网无法覆盖全球的缺点,卫星物联网尤其是低轨卫星星座(LEOSC)物联网可以有效地为地面物联网提供覆盖性能上的补充和延伸.由于低轨卫星星座物联网系统广覆盖、高动态的特点,其业务量统计特性需要考虑到环境因素造成的影响,这导致其业务量分布与地面物联网存在显著差异.从合理高效利用星上有限资源角度出发,该文研究基于低轨卫星星座的全球物联网业务模型.结合多样化的业务特点以及卫星通信系统特性,采用统计建模理论,得出了全球物联网业务模型框架.并且初步提出了一种基于最高优先级的接入策略,以供设备节点实时选择接入的卫星.仿真结果表明:泊松过程可以用于近似模拟低轨卫星物联网中大量存在的异步流量的叠加过程;由于低轨卫星具有高动态性,其业务源高速变化,导致了卫星业务忙闲不均,峰均比(PAR)较高.     

基于遗传算法的低轨天基雷达星座设计

从目标监视性能的角度出发,分析了低轨天基雷达星座的卫星总数、能量需求以及星座发射费用等优化目标。综合考虑了Walker星座的碰撞等约束问题,建立了低轨天基雷达星座设计的优化目标。提出了一种基于遗传算法的低轨天基雷达星座设计方法。根据天基雷达星座的特点,该算法在进化过程中使用了非可行解修正和约束分级等约束处理方法,有效提高了算法的运算效率。通过仿真实验验证了该方法能够有效的同时优化低轨天基雷达星座的构形和卫星参数。     

一种基于MOSA的低轨卫星星座多波束分配策略

针对LEO宽带卫星星座中多卫星同时覆盖某一区域情况下的多波束资源分配问题,采用地面固定波束体制,研究了多卫星多波束的分配策略。以地面用户接入容量需求和端到端时延最小化为优化目标,通过对多目标模拟退火算法进行改进优化,建立了一种可同时满足用户容量与时延要求的多卫星多波束的分配方法。仿真结果表明,算法能够根据用户优先级,有效提升星座波束的通信与覆盖性能,通信时延降低了4.1%～20.6%。     

遥感卫星随遇接入互联网星座和在轨智能处理

低轨互联网星座是当前全球研究和发展的热点,互联网星座支持随遇接入遥感卫星和信息在轨直接处理的应用前景备受期待,但由于轨道高度不同会产生双向高动态异构星座的接入互联问题。首先,通过设定低轨卫星互联网星座在不同轨道特性、不同卫星数量情况下的随遇接入仿真场景,重点探讨了时空非连续可视性和多普勒频移问题对遥感卫星接入性能的影响;其次,基于遥感卫星随遇接入互联网星座场景的特点,分析了不同时延性在轨处理任务的流程及其星地功能分配;最后,对当前在轨智能处理算法存在的问题和未来研究重点进行阐述,为未来低轨互联网星座及遥感卫星的发展和联合组网应用提供可靠的理论支撑。     

区域覆盖卫星系统的共地面轨迹星座实现

研究了使用中轨共地面轨迹星座实现区域覆盖卫星通信系统的优化方法,提出了一种能够完整描述该类型星座的编码标识方法,给出了多个适用于我国的星座方案实例。基于时变的业务分布密度特性对星座方案的参数进行了调整,使得星座的覆盖特性与业务分布密度更加一致。仿真结果表明该类型星座能够以较少数量的卫星为我国提供良好的覆盖性能。     

基于用户位置的低轨卫星波束关闭策略

由于多波束低轨卫星网络具有网络拓扑动态变化、高纬度地区存在波束重叠覆盖现象等特点,可能会引发严重的乒乓切换效应及大量的波束资源浪费.针对该问题,首先设计了卫星星座及多波束天线,建立了低轨卫星网络的覆盖模型,对卫星波束覆盖优化问题进行模拟和分析;其次,基于低轨卫星点波束覆盖、用户位置等约束,以最小化开启卫星波束为目标,提...     

一种新型的低轨存储转发通信星座设计方法

针对低轨存储转发星座的特点以及传统星座设计方法无法同时优化覆盖性能和网络性能的不足,该文提出一种新型的兼顾覆盖性能以及网络性能的低轨存储转发星座设计方法,并采用非劣分层多目标进化算法(NSGA-II)优化该多目标多约束星座设计问题。通过基于STK和OPNET的协同优化仿真平台验证了该星座设计方法的有效性。     

低轨巨型星座网络：组网技术与研究现状

以新兴低轨巨型星座网络为研究对象,概述了系统基本架构与工作模式,总结了新兴巨型星座网络的基本特征。根据系统架构,从卫星网络拓扑动态性管理、星地链路切换策略、路由算法设计、地面信关站布局优化设计以及网络仿真与性能评估5个方面系统梳理了各关键技术的主要技术路线和研究进展,尤其是近期巨型星座的相关研究进展。重点分析了低轨巨型星座中星座规模和复杂度扩增对组网关键技术的挑战,以及现有的各类解决方法在巨型星座宽带网络场景下的适用性。最后对未来巨型星座网络的相关研究方向进行了展望。     

中国低轨卫星星座组网设计与规划

针对全球性低轨卫星星座系统成本高、技术难度大、实现周期长等问题,提出了适 用于我国低轨卫星星座的分步实施方案。在分析星座设计主要问题的基础上,利用24颗卫星 设计了能够实现对中低纬度连续覆盖的低轨卫星星座,以此低轨星座构型为基础,结合我国 当前实际,在假定任务背景下,研究了第一阶段4颗卫星的优化部署方案,并利用STK对不同 设计方案的覆盖性能进行了仿真和对比分析,验证了连续覆盖型星座的优势,为我国低轨卫 星通信系统的组建提供了参考。     

基于IEEE802.11的星间链路最短接入时延退避算法

为满足空间信息网络低轨卫星用户多址接入骨干中继卫星的访问需求,基于IEEE 802.11机制,提出最短接入时延退避算法（Delay-Optimal Backoff,DOB）,可解决大时空尺度条件下,传统二进制退避算法（Binary Exponential Backoff,BEB）造成的网络平均接入时延高和吞吐量低的问题.根据用户卫星与中继卫星的相对位置特性,设定中继卫星通信窗口,利用通信窗口内不同用户卫星数量时用户接入时延与平均接入请求概率的变化关系,确定最短接入时延条件下用户平均接入请求概率,实现动态调整碰撞窗口大小.研究结果表明,该算法使网络接入时延较BEB算法平均降低了10s,饱和吞吐量提升一倍,归一化业务量阈值比BEB算法增加至0.6,网络多址接入性能显著提高.     

Mobile P-service satellite system comparison

Several future operators of the mobile handheld telephone (P-service) satellite communications systems are gearing up for system implementation to compete for the mobile handheld telephone market of the future. While these companies are proceeding with system realization, they are also looking for partners to finance these huge satellite projects. Potential partners or bulk users are administrations of national communication systems and operators of national communication satellites. These future partners ask themselves which P-service satellite communication system they should choose. There is not an easy answer because P-service satellite systems come in many varieties. There are the low altitude earth orbiting satellites (LEOs), the medium altitude earth orbiting satellites (MEOs), and the geosynchronous altitude earth orbiting satellites (GEOs). Each system has a different type of satellite repeater: digital regenerative, transparent digital, and the bent-pipe. And each satellite system uses its own modulation/multiple access system. The fact that satellites circle the earth at different altitudes has an impact on speech quality, and, because systems vary in satellite as well as constellation complexity, there are different price tags attached. All systems display ingenious features and will eventually work. Mobile users will decide which system will best serve their purposes. This article attempts to compare six P-service satellite systems and find a method for system selection. By use of self-established system criteria, it is possible to arrive at a P-service system selection. By weighing the system criteria, the sensitivity of system selection can be tested. The results or the selection of a particular system should not be considered a recommendation; rather, the process of selection should be used as a possible guideline.     

低轨卫星移动通信系统接入方案

在低轨卫星移动通信系统中,由于卫星和移动用户间的相对运动使得呼叫切换频繁发生.为了降低星间切换请求到达率,减小系统切换开销,本文在距离优先接入方案基础上进一步提出了两种接入策略:覆盖时间优先方案和仰角加权的覆盖时间优先方案.构造了非均匀分布全球话务密度模型.并参照某实际系统参数,对不同接入方案准则下的全球话务服务进行了系统仿真,得到了相应的系统性能参数.     

VSAT communications networks-an overview

The very-small-aperture-terminal (VSAT) fixed satellite communication network is a star network in which many dispersed micro terminals attempt to send data in a packet form through a random access/time-division multiple-access (RA/TDMA) satellite channel with transmission delay. The basic concept of the VSAT and its service potential are discussed. Two classes of traffic are addressed, namely business-oriented low-rate-data traffic and bulk data traffic of corporate networks. Satellite access, throughput, and delay are considered. The size of the network population that can be served in an RA/TDMA environment is calculated. User protocols are examined. A typical VSAT business scenario is described     

面向6G低轨卫星物联网的能效优先的多波束鲁棒预编码设计

如今,物联网已经应用在经济社会的各个领域,但是由于空间、环境等限制,地面物联网在一些应用场景中表现出了服务能力严重不足的问题。针对这个问题,第六代移动通信技术（6th generation mobile networks,6G）,提出将卫星通信与地面通信融合,从而实现全球无缝覆盖。对于卫星通信,卫星通常由太阳能供电,导致能量有限,因此想要实现大规模设备高质量的通信,卫星的能量效率设计非常必要。本文为6G低轨（low earth orbit,LEO）卫星物联网（Internet of Things,IoT）设计了一个能量有效的非正交多址接入（non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA）框架,以支持广域分布设备的大规模机器通信（massive machine-type communications,mMTC）。考虑到LEO卫星的能量有限性和信道状态信息（channel state information,CSI）不准确,本文建立了一个在功率和信干噪比（signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratio,SINR）约束下最大化能效的优化问...     

An Optimum Traffic Loading to Intersatellite Links

An algorithm has been developed to evaluate the benefits of intersatellite links (ISL's) quantitatively in satellite communications networks. The developed algorithm derives the minimum satellite capacity, under the condition that the same type of satellites are located onto the geostationary orbit, by assigning traffic among earth stations to the satellites effectively. Some example calculations are presented, based on a current INTELSAT database. The calculated results indicate that the benefits of ISL depend strongly on the distribution pattern of traffic in the network. They demonstrate, furthermore, that ISL's over long distances have significant potential advantages in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean regions for accommodating a large volume of traffic, and enabling the effective utilization of satellite resources at high elevation angles.     

Satellite selection scheme for reducing handover attempts in LEO satellite communication systems

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems perform frequent intersatellite handovers for both fixed and mobile users. This paper proposes a satellite selection scheme for new/handover call requests when two or more satellites can be seen simultaneously. Each satellite in this scheme has a non-uniform transmitter antenna gain according to its relative position inside the coverage area. The antenna gain is proportional to the residual distance in the satellite's direction of movement and it compensates for the difference in path losses between satellite links. The residual distance distribution of the selected satellite and the mean number of intersatellite handovers during a call connection are calculated and compared with the results based on conventional methods. The proposed scheme can reduce the intersatellite handover call attempt rate without increasing system load and terminal complexity. Furthermore, this scheme can be extended to reduce both intersatellite and interbeam handover call attempt rates in a multiple spot beam environment. Especially, the average number of intersatellite and interbeam handovers during a call can be significantly reduced by using a hybrid algorithm with the proposed non-uniform power transmission scheme. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Routing optimization based on topology control in satellite network

A new double-layer satellite network model for space networking was established and a routing algorithm based on topology control (TCRA) was proposed considering the advantages of low earth orbit and stationary earth orbit satellite networks.This model used virtual node strategy and satellite grouping idea,which regarded the coverage area of each low earth orbit satellite as a virtual node.The network took into account the influence of the polar area on the division of the satellite footprints,such that the upper management satellites can accurately acquire the topology of the lower satellites.Using the improved virtual node strategy,the time slices were superior to other network models in quantity,length and other aspects.Based on the network topology,stationary earth orbit satellites calculate routing for low earth orbit satellites,while low earth orbit satellites were responsible for forwarding data.The simulation results show that the routing algorithm is superior to other algorithms in average end-to-end delay and packet loss rate.     

Joint multi-QoS and energy saving routing for LEO satellite network

Low earth orbit(LEO) satellite network provides global coverage and supports a wide range of services. However, due to the rapid changes and energy-limitation of satellites, how to meet the demand of the quality of service(QoS) from ground traffic and prolong the lifetime of LEO satellite network is the research emphasis of the investigator. Hence, a routing algorithm which takes into account the multi-QoS requirements and satellite energy consumption(QER) of LEO satellite network is proposed. Firstly, the satellite intimacy degree(SID) and the path health degree(PHD) are introduced to obtain the path evaluation function according to the energy consumption and queue state of the satellite. Then, the distributed routing QER is established through the path evaluation function and the idea of genetic algorithm(GA), which enables each satellite to adjust traffic and realizes the network load balancing. Simulation results show that QER performs well in terms of end-to-end delay, delay jitter, and system throughput.     

A Model for the Handover Traffic and Channel Occupancy Timein LEO Satellite Networks

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