用于PEMFC的FBG湿度传感器的制作及性能研究

研究了以聚酰亚胺为湿敏材料的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)湿度传感器并用其对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)停机过程中内部湿度进行了实时监测。传感器利用聚酰亚胺的湿膨胀效应,实现 了对24.7%－ 98%RH范围内相对湿度的监测。采用腐蚀光纤包层的方法减小光纤包 层直径,实验结果表明,该方法能在 不影响FBG相对湿度传感器灵敏度的情况下,提高对外界环境相对湿 度变化的响应速度。所 研制的FBG 相对湿度传感器灵敏度能达到3.8 pm/RH,线性度达到99.85%,最大回程误差不超过9pm,当环境相对湿 度从50%突变到85%时,经过腐蚀处理后的FBG 相对湿度响应时间仅为15.4 s。将该FBG湿度传感器布置 于PEMFC内部进行停机过程中湿度的实时监测,实验结果表明,所制作的FBG湿度传感器能够 准确地反映PEMFC停机吹扫过程中内部湿度的变化。     

基于聚酰亚胺的FBG湿度传感特性及细观特征研究

实现了一种采用聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜材料涂敷的光 纤布拉格光栅(FBG)湿度传感器,并研究了其表面涂覆结构、湿度传感特性、稳定性及迟滞 特性。采用新的PI溶液的制备工艺,提出了一种增强PI溶液与光纤栅区的耦合方法,并利用 扫描电镜(SEM)确定出4种典型的表面涂覆结构。实验结果表明,当FBG湿度传感器的PI涂覆 厚小于75μm时,湿度特性曲线拟合度大于0.99,标准差 小于0.5;温度特性曲线拟合度大于0.98,标 准差小于0.5;其中,45μm厚的FBG湿度传感 器 湿度灵敏度为7.9pm/%RH,误差度为2.19%, 迟滞性误差为2.6%,稳定时相对湿度波动范围小于0.8%RH。     

基于聚酰亚胺材料的FBG湿度传感特性研究

提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)侧面镀膜感湿的新型全光纤湿度计,选取具有高湿敏特性和线膨胀系数(9.432×10-5%RH)的改性聚酰亚胺(PI)作为湿敏材料。通过在FBG侧面涂覆5种不同厚度的PI薄膜,检测厚度对传感器灵敏度和响应时间的影响,实验结果与理论计算符合很好,通过测试,PI薄膜厚为21μm时,传感器的湿度灵敏度为2.67×10-6/%RH,响应时间小于8s,有很好的实际应用前景。     

光纤多参数传感器研究

基于光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)检测原理,研发了适用于地下空间安全监测应用的光纤风速、温度、湿度等多参数传感器。光纤风速传感器基于激光致热光纤热线式流量检测原理,对于低风速有较高的灵敏度,风速从0变化到0.5 m/s时,FBG波长变化量为800 pm,采用解调精度为1 pm的光纤光栅解调仪,风速分辨率为0.7 mm/s。光纤湿度传感器通过在FBG光栅表面均匀涂覆湿度敏感的聚酰亚胺溶液,湿度变化导致光纤应变变化进而实现湿度测量。对新型光纤光栅温湿度传感器的性能参数进行测试,实验测试结果显示,传感器监测灵敏度为4.2pm/%RH,检测精度小于±3%RH。     

基于RGO-PEO复合薄膜的QCM湿度传感器研究

通过气喷工艺在石英晶体微天平(QCM)上制备了基于还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)两种材料的复合湿敏薄膜,对环境湿度进行检测。所得纯PEO薄膜及RGO-PEO复合薄膜的表面形貌以及化学特性分别通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及紫外-可见光谱进行表征。与基于纯PEO薄膜的湿度传感器相比,基于RGO-PEO复合湿敏薄膜的湿度传感器的动态响应大大提高,其灵敏度从16.3Hz/%RH提升到34.7Hz/%RH。此外,基于复合薄膜的湿度传感器拥有更快的响应/恢复时间,达到传感器吸附/脱附时总频移的63.2%所用时间分别为3s和4 s,而纯PEO薄膜为10 s和12 s;湿滞为1.21%RH,且有较好的长期稳定性。这项研究揭示了基于RGO-PEO复合薄膜的QCM湿度传感器在常温下检测环境湿度的发展潜力。     

基于PI湿敏薄膜的分布式光纤Bragg光栅湿度传感器

研究了基于聚酰亚胺（PI）湿敏薄膜的分布式光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）湿度传感器。传感器利用PI薄膜湿膨胀效应,将湿应变作用于Bragg栅区,从而改变光纤FBG湿度传感器中心波长的原理,实现了对26-98％RH范围内环境相对湿度的监测。通过改进PI湿敏薄膜的制备及涂覆工艺,有效提高了FBG湿度传感器性能,并采取了相应温...     

基于并联法布里-珀罗干涉仪游标效应的增敏光纤湿度传感器

为了提高光纤湿度传感器的灵敏度,提出了一种基于并联光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪(Fabry-Perot interferometers, FPIs)游标效应的增敏型湿度传感器,并进行了实验验证。该传感器由两个基于内径4μm石英毛细管的光纤FPI通过2×2耦合器并联组成,其中一个FPI作为传感FPI,其末端镀有湿敏特性的琼脂糖薄膜,另一个作为参考FPI。论文分析了器件的湿度传感工作原理,实验结果论证了该理论分析的正确性。实验显示,并联FPI游标效应器件在40%RH—60%RH范围内其灵敏度高达0.843 9 nm/%RH,较之单一FPI的灵敏度提高了9倍,是并联FPI反射谱直接波谷追踪波长解调灵敏度的44倍。增加FPI末端湿敏膜厚度,其灵敏度进一步提高至1.12 nm/%RH。该传感器制备简单、尺寸小、灵敏度高,在湿度测试方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于涂覆石墨烯量子点-聚乙烯醇的拉锥细芯光纤的温湿度传感器

提出了一种基于拉锥细芯光纤的温湿度传感器。先将细芯光纤熔接在两段多模光纤的中间，并在多模光纤两端熔接单模光纤，利用拉锥机对细芯光纤进行分步拉锥。实验测得细芯光纤拉锥前后的传感器的温度灵敏度分别为31 pm/℃和72.7 pm/℃。将少量石墨烯量子点-聚乙烯醇涂覆在传感器锥部得到温湿度传感器，实验测得其温度灵敏度最大为288.3 pm/℃，湿度灵敏度可达到131.7 pm/%。该传感器具有性能稳定、灵敏度高、制备简单、成本低的特点，在温度和湿度传感领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种用于湿度监测的LC无线无源传感器的制备与测试

提出了一种采用丝网印刷和亚胺化工艺制备的LC无线无源技术的二硫化钼(MoS2)/聚酰亚胺(PI)湿度传感器。对比了不同超声时间下的二硫化钼/聚酰亚胺复合材料的湿度敏感性能,得出对湿度最灵敏的材料为超声4 h的二硫化钼/聚酰亚胺材料。测试结果表明,制备的器件在量程10%RH～95%RH内具有较好的频率响应,频率变化值为6.205 MHz;在高湿度范围内(60%RH～95%RH),传感器的灵敏度可达153.59 kHz/%RH。此外,该传感器的响应和恢复时间分别为7.2 s和10.4 s,迟滞性误差约为5%RH且具有较好的稳定性。该传感器可广泛应用于化学合成和矿井环境等领域的湿度监测。     

光纤光栅无应力毛细铜管封装及温度特性实验

为克服裸光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)脆弱易折断的缺点,提出了一种聚合物和毛细铜管相结合的封装工艺。先用丙烯酸酯对栅区进行二次涂覆,再将二次涂覆后的FBG封装在毛细铜管内,FBG在毛细铜管内处于有余长无应力状态,二次涂覆为裸FBG提供了有效的保护。测试结果表明,二次涂覆并没有改变FBG的温度灵敏度;较薄的涂覆厚度保证了涂覆的均匀性和涂覆后光谱的质量;无胶空管封装方式消除了聚合物内部应力对温度测量精度的影响。封装后的温度特性实验表明,FBG传感器线性度为0.999 29,温度灵敏度为13.675pm/℃,重复性较好。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC).该方法有效简化了 TAC电路结构,减小了 TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR).采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计.集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8％.后仿真结果表明,...     

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。