新型高效低谐波绕组设计

介绍一种新型高效低谐波绕组,初步分析了该绕组磁势谐波的特点。采用有限元方法进行电磁场分析,表明新型高效低谐波绕组电机可以有效降低电机谐波,改善电机磁场分布。通过样机制造和电机试验,证实了新型高效低谐波绕组电机杂散损耗大幅度减小,电机温升显著降低。     

高性能低谐波绕组感应电动机电磁性能的数值分析

针对普通感应电动机采用低谐波绕组后电磁场分析难度将会提高的问题,利用数值计算的方法,给出了适合低谐波绕组电机电磁性能的数值求解方法.以一台普通感应电动机为例,利用低谐波绕组理论,对定子绕组的线规和形式进行调整,设计具有高起动转矩的低谐波电机.通过对低谐波电机电磁性能的数值计算结果与实验结果的比较,验证了所推导的方法的准确性,提高了所设计的低谐波电机的起动性能.将低谐波电机与普通同型式的感应电动机的气隙磁场和转子齿部磁场进行比较,分析两种电机中磁密谐波成分的含量,结果表明低谐波绕组电机的各次谐波磁密大大降低.     

基于场路耦合的永磁电机高频径向电磁力波分析

振动和噪声的大小是衡量家用变频空调压缩机品质的指标之一。针对家用变频空调压缩机出现的高频噪声问题,以一台6极9槽家用空调压缩机用永磁同步电机及其控制系统为研究对象,基于场路耦合法,对常规空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术及其控制策略所引入的谐波电流成分与高频声振响应特性进行研究。首先通过解析法分析了永磁电机高频噪声源的产生机理。其次从原理上阐述了电流谐波对径向电磁力波的阶次特征与频率特性的影响。然后建立了永磁电机的场路耦合模型,详细分析了不同负载工况下高频径向电磁力波频率与开关频率的关系。最后采用声振特性试验进行了验证,结果表明：场路耦合模型可以考虑电机本体、控制策略以及开关频率等非线性因素引起的高频电流谐波影响,并得出了高频径向电磁力波频率与载波频率的关系式,为永磁电机的高频噪声预测以及减振降噪提供了参考。     

一种计算笼型异步电机稳态特性的有限元模型

提出一种计算笼形异步电机稳态特性的有限元模型.模型通过在气隙中设立人工边界,把电机场域分为定子和转子两部分.在转子侧采用叠加原理考虑各次空间谐波磁场的作用,利用气隙边界把定子场模型和各次谐波转子场模型耦合在一起.文中对一台电机进行计算,计算结果与实测值比较吻合.     

Current waveform distortion of doubly‐fed generator for wind turbine application by spatial higher harmonics

This paper describes a method to analyze higher harmonic currents resulting from higher space harmonics, depending on the winding pattern of a doubly‐fed generator. A 1.5‐MW generator was used for the analysis, and the results are compared using finite element magnetic field analysis and measurements. The result revealed that the proposed analysis, which focuses on the winding pattern and takes into account higher space harmonics, allows us to calculate higher harmonic currents at high precision, understand the mechanism of changing higher harmonic currents due to the slip or the load of the generator and considerably reduce higher harmonic currents at the armature by restricting higher harmonic currents at the magnetic field. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of design parameters clarified the relationship between current distortion and basic characteristics on electric designs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 79–85, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20606     

Identification of machine parameters of a synchronous motor

This paper presents a method for estimating the machine parameters of a synchronous motor. The presented method is equally applicable for a wound field synchronous motor, synchronous reluctance motor, or permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor, both the interior and surface-mount types. The method works particularly well for machines having a significant amount of space harmonics, such as synchronous reluctance and interior PM (IPM) machines, where the harmonics are predominantly the slot harmonics. It is also well suited for surface PM machines operating under saturation, where the harmonics are saturation-induced. The presence of these harmonics makes the parameter identification difficult. Most of the methods presented so far in the literature have failed to properly identify machine parameters in the presence of space harmonics. In this paper, the machine parameters, identified by using a proposed algorithm, are compared with the finite element and the experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method. Both interior PM and surface PM machines are considered.     

基于实测定子电流的表贴式永磁同步电机转矩波动系数计算方法

利用实测定子电流计算转矩波动系数有助于监测永磁同步电机在实际工况下的转矩波动程度以及根据其变化进行故障预测。针对采用d-q轴数学模型、矢量控制的表贴式永磁同步电机,考虑永磁同步电机定子电流基波、谐波与转子磁场基波、谐波的相互作用对转矩波动的影响,推导出转矩解析计算模型。实测定子电流以及转子磁场进行傅里叶分析,确定主要谐波阶次以及转矩波动的主要阶次。依据对实验实例的分析,提出了利用实测定子电流计算永磁同步电机转矩及其波动系数的方法。结果表明能够用于实时监测永磁同步电机在实际工况下输出转矩波动系数。     

Harmonic field analysis for slip-ring motors including generalrotor asymmetry

A field analysis is presented for slip-ring induction motors with general external impedance asymmetry. The method is based upon a rotating-field theory approach including spatial MMF (magnetomotive force) harmonics. It is shown that a series of nonmains frequency voltages are induced in the stator winding for both balanced and unbalanced rotors. The method is also used to derive the harmonic equivalent circuit for a balanced three-phase slip-ring motor with a skewed rotor. The analysis is verified by comparing predicted torque and current characteristics with measured values obtained from a machine with a balanced rotor and with a rotor connected to asymmetrical external resistances. The influence of MMF harmonics on the phase equivalent circuit and the motor performance is demonstrated. Operation with an unbalanced rotor results in a loss of steady torque and the introduction of large oscillating torques     

基于转子形状优化设计的三次谐波注入式五相IPMSM气隙磁场优化

五相永磁同步电机(PMSM)可通过注入三次谐波电流来提高电机的转矩密度。除三次谐波外,削弱永磁体产生的其他次空间谐波可以降低电机的转矩脉动、减小电机的振动和噪声。因此,针对三次谐波注入式五相内嵌式永磁同步电机(IPMSM),提出一种转子铁心形状优化设计方法。理论推导转子铁心形状的解析表达式,根据电机参数进行有限元建模,得到优化后的电机模型气隙磁密谐波含量及转矩脉动。与优化前的电机模型进行仿真对比,得到的结果与理论分析吻合,气隙磁场优化效果显著。     

基于谐波抑制的共母线开绕组永磁同步电机减振控制

为了减少共母线开绕组永磁同步电机(OW-PMSM)驱动系统中的电流谐波,抑制由径向电磁力引发的电机振动,提出了一种基于零序电流闭环的零矢量重分配随机开关频率空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法。该算法通过选取的零矢量产生共模电压,抵消由非零电压矢量带来的共模电压,将零序电流闭环后动态抑制零序电流,有效地减少了相电流3次谐波含量。同时,针对调制策略固有的相电流高频谐波分量,通过SVPWM中开关频率随机化,使得开关频率及其整数倍处高频谐波幅值大大减少。试验结果表明,该方法能有效降低高低频段电流谐波幅值,实现OW-PMSM全频段的减振控制。     

基于SVPWM的时间谐波对永磁电机损耗的影响

针对在变频器驱动永磁电机因时间谐波引起的附加谐波损耗大小及分布问题,对基于SVPWM变频器电路输出的电流波形,采用傅里叶计算方法,分析不同变频器参数下的各次电流时间谐波分布规律及波形畸变程度,与SPWM对比发现SVPWM优化谐波程度高,且直流母线电压利用率较优。以一台5kW、3000r/min表面式永磁同步电动机为例,运用场路耦合联合仿真方法,研究附加谐波损耗在永磁电机中的分布特性,计算电机定子铁心各区域的磁通密度变化情况,附加谐波损耗以永磁体涡流损耗为主,其次集中于定子齿顶。参考电机损耗计算的国家标准搭建样机试验平台,通过有限元计算与试验结果的对比分析,校核附加谐波损耗计算结果。     

Harmonic Filters for Six-Phase and Other Multiphase Motors on Voltage Source Inverters

Inverter-driven motors having five, six, or more phases have smaller torque pulsations and lower rotor I2R loss due to harmonics than do their three-phase counterparts. However, they generally have higher stator harmonic currents. For example, six-phase motors, supplied by a six step voltage source inverters have fifth and seventh harmonic currents which are from two to five times as large as in a comparable three-phase motor. If the motor has five or more phases, these currents can be substantially reduced by the harmonic filter described. The filter consists of transformer-like devices connected in the leads between the inverter and motor. The coils on these are interconnected in a prescribed way so that they add negligible impedance for fundamental currents, but they add considerable impedance for most harmonics. Since the filters do not affect fundamental current, they do not affect the speed-torque characteristic. These filters are described for any number of phases, and equations to determine their inductance values for the various harmonics are developed. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by experimental results.     

谐波影响下的三相感应电机效率研究

从输入电源谐波的影响角度分析,通过ANSYS软件对具有不同气隙宽度、相同输出容量的三相感应电机进行仿真,从而得出不同谐波种类下及谐波含量下的三相感应电机的转矩特性曲线和功率特性曲线。经过多元线性回归得出三相感应电机效率与气隙宽度、谐波种类、谐波含量和转矩变化之间的关系公式,适用于普遍的三相感应电机效率计算。     

Basic Study on Loss Factor Evaluation of Concentrated Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

This paper describes the influence of pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter harmonic loss on concentrated winding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor characteristics by using finite element method (FEM) analysis and several measurements. In the measurements, the PWM inverter harmonic loss was evaluated by using a PWM inverter and a sinusoidal power supply. By using the FEM analysis, it was confirmed that the PWM inverter harmonic mainly caused an increase of eddy current losses in the magnetic steel sheet and the permanent magnet. The results indicate that higher inductance of the motor is effective in reducing the harmful effects of PWM inverter harmonics.     

变频器谐波对电机效率的影响分析

随着变频调速系统在电力系统的广泠应用,为降低谐波对调速系统的影响。首先从理论上分析了目前调速系统中广泛使用的PWM调制方式的电压型变频器输出中可能存在的电压和电流谐波分量,并利用Matlab的Powersys库研究了PWM调制方式下的电压型变频器输出的各种谐波含量,并通过实例验证谐波对电机效率的影响。对变频调速系统中电机及变频器的选型提供一定的理论参考。     

晶闸管调压软起动器的应用研究

介绍了晶闸管软起动器的工作原理和起动方式,通过改变晶闸管控制角调节电动机两端的电压同时电路产生谐波,分析了谐波对电动机起动特性的影响和最佳起动方法,以及晶闸管软起动器的选择和应用场合。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的电力谐波测试仪

将虚拟仪器技术应用于电力系统谐波测试,利用LabWindows/CVI开发平台研制了基于虚拟仪器的谐波测试装置,其性能优于传统测试仪。论述了该装置的工作原理、硬件软件组成及其设计思想和技术要点。指出了利用该仪器可进一步开发谐波的高级功能,可利用谐波测量数据,建立谐波数据库,进行谐波潮流计算,谐波谐振分析、以及谐波仿真等。     

一种新型无刷直流电动机谐波转矩的研究

本文对一种新型无刷直流电动机的谐波转矩进行了研究,这种电机内部除了电枢绕组以外,还还有位置传感线圈。采用能量法的观点,从宏观、总体的角度分析得出了电机的谐波转矩公式,研究了各次谐波的特性。采用斜槽积分的方法,探讨了科槽对各次谐波转矩的影响,确定了一个最佳的斜斜槽角度。     

低噪声屏蔽电机定子屏蔽套激振力和受迫振动分析

三相屏蔽电机是屏蔽电泵专属特种电机,该电机的性能优劣对系统振动噪声有很大影响。屏蔽电机气隙内的旋转磁场在定子屏蔽套中感应出涡流,除产生屏蔽套涡流损耗外,该涡流还将与气隙合成磁场相互作用形成径向和切向高频电磁激振力。考虑到定子屏蔽套是薄壁件,与定子齿冠间存在一定的安装间隙,所以在电磁激振力下定子屏蔽套将产生电磁振动和噪声。首先从解析的角度推导得到了径向和切向电磁激振力的数学表达式,进而采用有限元法计算定子屏蔽套典型位置点磁通密度时间谐波和圆周方向上磁通密度空间谐波分布规律及谐波含量,得到了不同屏蔽套材质时的涡流电流密度分布。计算了定子屏蔽套采用哈氏合金时的电磁激振力变化曲线,并与解析计算结果进行了横向对比,验证了解析计算的正确性。最后,计算分析定子屏蔽套的工作模态和在电磁激振力作用下的机械形变,为后续屏蔽电机的减振降噪提供理论依据。     

用于抑制多相异步电动机定子谐波电流的电抗滤波器

电压型逆变器驱动多相异步电动机运行时,虽然降低了转矩脉动和转子谐波损耗,却在定子绕组出现了明显的低次谐波电流.在总结现有的方法基础上,提出一种新型的电抗滤波方法.电抗器采用和多相交流电机定子类似的电磁结构,适当调整绕组的分布,使在多相电机中不产生旋转磁场的谐波电流在滤波电抗器中产生旋转磁场.这些谐波电流在多相异步电动机中仅遇到漏电抗,在滤波电抗器中却遇到高值的耦合电抗,因而有选择地对定子中的显著谐波电流进行滤波.以六相移30°的绕组结构为例,对包括滤波器的多相异步电动机建立了数学模型并进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了电抗器的有效性.