渣浆泵用钢基表面耐磨复合材料的研究

以ZG45为基体，以多种合金粉末作为合金化原料，通过铸渗工艺制备出较为理想的渣浆泵用铁基表面耐磨材料．铸件合金层厚度均匀，基体组织为树枝状的奥氏体，增强相为二次碳化物(Cr，Fe)7C3和渗碳体型碳化物Fe3W3C，在合金化过程中，主要是铁液向合金层渗透，铬向母材的渗透也有，但量很少，合金层与母材的结合良好，属于冶金结合，其冲击磨损性能和硬度都有很大提高，耐磨性比ZG45提高了6．5倍，硬度从合金层到基体逐渐降低，合金层硬度比ZG45提高了3倍左右。     

热处理对高铬铸铁磨损特性的影响

高铬铸铁具有优良的耐磨性,主要是由于其基体为马氏体组织,碳化物类型为六方晶系的（Ｆｅ,Ｃｒ）７Ｃ３,碳化物呈六角棒状、针状、条状分布,显著地改善了材质的力学性能．煤粉对管道的磨损,属于软磨粒低应力的磨料磨损,这种高铬铸铁用于此工况下能发挥出其优良的性能．经金属Ｘ射线分析证明碳化物是（Ｆｅ,Ｃｒ）７Ｃ３,通过透射电镜分析,发现其基体组织为奥氏体、板条（位错）马氏体与孪晶马氏体．用电子探针对金相组织中的黑色区进行了分析,发现此处贫铬而易被腐蚀．通过磨损试验证明高铬铸铁耐磨性好,成本低,与稀土高铬镍氮相比,成本降低６０％,与钨铬合金相比,成本降低７０％．     

PTA clad （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe in situ ceramal composite coating

A wear-resistant （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe in situ ceramal composite coating was fabricated on the substrate of 0.45wt%C carbon steel by a plasma-transferred arc cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The microstructure, microhardness, and dry-sliding wear resistance of the coating were evaluated. The results indicate that the microstructure of the coating, which was composed of （Cr, Fe）7C3 primary phase uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe, and the （Cr, Fe）7C3 eutectic matrix was metallurgically bonded to the 0.45wt%C carbon steel substrate. From substrate to coating, the microstructure of the coating exhibited an evident epitaxial growth character. The coating, indehiscent and tack-free, had high hardness and appropriate gradient. It had excellent wear resistance under the dry sliding wear test condition.     

Wear Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Fe-based Coatings Reinforced by Spherical WC Particles

Fe-based coatings reinforced by spherical WC particles were produced on the 304 stainless steel by plasma transferred arc(PTA) to enhance the surface wear properties. Three different Fe/WC composite powder mixtures containing 0 wt%, 30 wt%, and 60 wt% of WC were investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of the Fe/WC composite PTA coatings were evaluated systemically by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The wear properties of the three fabricated PTA coatings were investigated on a BRUKER UMT TriboLab. The morphologies of the worn tracks and wear debris were characterized by using SEM and 3 D non-contract profiler. The experimental results reveal that the microhardness on the cross-section and the wear resistance of the fabricated coatings increase dramatically with the increasing adding WC contents. The coating containing 60 wt% of WC possesses excellent wear resistance validated by the lower coefficients of friction(COF), narrower and shallower wear tracks and smaller wear rate. In the pure Fe-based coating, the main wear mechanism is the combination of adhesion and oxidative wear. Adhesive and two-body abrasive wear are predominated in the coating containing 30 wt% of WC, whereas threebody abrasion wear mechanism is predominated in the coating containing 60 wt% of WC.     

激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe复合涂层的组织与磨损性能

采用5kWCO2连续激光器在低碳钢表面激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层（Fe55）及添加20%Cr3C（2质量分数）的Fe基合金复合涂层（Cr3C2/Fe）,研究了两种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐滑动磨损性能。结果表明,Fe55涂层以亚共晶方式结晶,在初生柱状固溶体枝晶间存在大量的网状共晶组织。Cr3C2/Fe涂层中Cr3C2大部分溶解,原Fe55涂层中初生柱状固溶体枝晶产生等轴化,枝晶组织也明显细化。激光熔覆Fe55涂层主要由α-Fe和Cr23C6组成,Cr3C2/Fe涂层的主要组成相为γ-Fe;α-Fe,Cr23C6以及未熔Cr3C2。激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe涂层的硬度和耐磨性明显优于Fe55涂层。     

分散方式对Ni-Si_3N_4纳米复合电镀层显微组织和性能的影响

采用超声波分散加机械搅拌技术在纯铜板上制备了含有纳米Si3N4颗粒的镍基纳米复合镀层,研究了分散方式对复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量、复合镀层组织结构、显微硬度和磨损性能的影响。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了镀层表面的显微组织及相结构,通过磨损实验机检测了复合镀层的耐磨性能。结果表明,采用超声波分散技术可获得组织细密、高显微硬度的纳米复合镀层,其显微硬度最高可达996 HV,耐磨性能较未经超声波分散处理的镀层有显著提高。     

Corrosion Behavior of Plasma Transferred Arc Fe-based Coating Reinforced by Spherical Tungsten Carbide in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Fe-based coatings reinforced by spherical tungsten carbide were deposited on 304 stainless steel using plasma transferred arc(PTA) technology.The composition and phase microstructure of the coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The corrosion behaviors of the coatings in 0.5 mol/L HCl solution were studied using polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) measurements.The experimental results shows that the tungsten carbide improves the corrosion resistance of the Fe-based alloy coating,but increase in the mass fraction of tungsten carbide leads to increasing amount of defects of holes and cracks,which results in an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance.The defects are mainly present on the tungsten carbide but also extend to the Fe-based matrix.The tungsten carbide,acting as a cathode,and binding material of Fe-based alloy,acting as an anode,create a galvanic corrosion cell.The binding material is preferentially corroded and causes the degradation of the coating.     

Cr3C2对等离子钴基堆焊层组织及性能的影响

采用等离子堆焊技术在低碳钢表面制备钴基合金堆焊层(Co40)及添加质量分数20%和40%Cr3C2的钴基合金复合堆焊层(Co40+20%Cr3C2,Co40+40%Cr3C2)。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪以及磨损实验机等研究不同添加量的Cr3C2对钴基合金堆焊层组织和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:Co40堆焊层由γ-Co和Cr23C6组成;添加Cr3C2粉末后,堆焊层出现未熔的Cr3C2和Cr7C3及Cr23C6相,且明显改变了其组织特征,Co40+20%Cr3C2堆焊层仍以亚共晶方式结晶,但其组织得到明显的细化和均匀化,而Co40+40%Cr3C2堆焊层转变为过共晶方式结晶,其组织由大量初生碳化物和枝晶组织组成;Co40+Cr3C2复合堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性较Co40堆焊层均得到显著提高,且随着Cr3C2添加量的增加而相应提高。     

Microstructures and wear resistance of chromium coatings on P110 steel fabricated by pack cementation

In order to obtain a high-performance surface on P110 steel that can meet the requirements in oil/gas field environment, the chromium coatings were fabricated by pack cementation. The chromium coatings differed in with/without the addition of La₂O₃. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and microhardness tester were employed to investigate the surface morphologies, surface element distributions, microstructures, phase constitutions and microhardness of the coatings. Friction-wear tests of the P110 steel substrate and the coatings were conducted in air at ambient temperature and humidity. The results show that uniform and continuous coatings are formed on P110 steel regardless of adding La₂O₃ or not. The chromium coatings consist of Cr₂₃C₆, Cr₇C₃, and (Cr, Fe)₇C₃. The La₂O₃-added chromium coating is more beneficial in terms of surface morphology, microstructure, thickness and microhardness as compared with the coating without adding La₂O₃. Chromizing treatment significantly improves the surface hardness and wear resistance of the P110 steel. The wear resistance of the tested samples can be sorted in the following sequence: La₂O₃-coating>no RE-coating>bare P110 steel.     

Influence of secondary carbide precipitation and transformation on abrasion resistance of a 3Cr15Mo1V1.5 white iron

The relationship between the secondary carbide precipitation and transformation of the 3Cr15Mo1V1.5 white iron and abrasion resistance was investigated by using optical microscope （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffrac- tion （XRD）. The results show that the properties of secondary carbides precipitated at holding stage play an important role in the abrasion resistance. After certain holding time at 833 K subcritical treatment, the grainy （Fe, Cr）23C6 carbide precipitated and the fresh martensite transformed at the holding stage for 3Cr15Mo1V1.5 white iron improve the bulk hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloy. Prolonging holding time, MoC and （Cr, V）2C precipitations cause the secondary hardening peak and the corresponding better abrasion resistance. Finally, granular （Fe, Cr）23C6 carbide in situ transforms into laminar M3C carbide and the matrix structure transforms into pearlitic matrix. These changes weaken hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloy sharply.     

稀土对渗碳层组织及性能的影响

利用Ｘ射线衍射技术、穆斯堡尔谱等研究了稀土对渗碳层组织及性能的影响．结果表明，稀土元素的渗入可抑制渗碳体的形成，且可使渗碳层中残余奥氏体及（Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ）７Ｃ３型碳化物的量增加，而使渗碳层中马氏体的量减少．此外稀土的渗入也可提高渗碳层的硬度和耐磨性．     

激光熔覆纳米La2O3/Ni基合金涂层

采用横流5kWCO2激光在低碳钢基体表面制备纳米La2O3/Ni基激光熔覆涂层。采用光学显微镜（OP）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）分别对熔覆涂层进行显微组织和相组成的观察。用显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机对熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性进行测试。试验结果表明：熔覆层主要由γ-（Ni,Fe）,Cr23C6,LaNi10.5Si2.5等相组成,随离结合面距离增大,熔覆层的组织逐渐变细。随着纳米La2O3加入量及扫描速度增加,熔覆层组织变细。加入纳米La2O3后,平均硬度由未加时500HV0.5提高到约700HV0.5,耐磨性也得到不同程度的提高。在本试验条件下,添加质量分数为1.0%纳米La2O3熔覆层的耐磨性明显高于质量分数为1.5%纳米La2O3熔覆层的耐磨性。扫描速率采用250mm/min的熔覆层,其综合性能最佳。     

Ti对激光熔覆铁基合金涂层组织和耐磨性的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢表面制备Fe基合金涂层（Fe50）和添加1％（质量分数）Ti粉的Ti／Fe50涂层,分析研究两涂层的相结构、显微组织、硬度及耐磨性。结果表明：激光熔覆Fe50涂层主要由α-Fe和Cr23C6组成,其组织由柱状枝晶固溶体及其间网状分布的共晶组成;添加质量分数为1％的Ti后,涂层中除了α-Fe和Cr23C6相,还含有γ—Fe相,组织明显等轴化、均匀化;与Fe50涂层相比,Ti／Fe50涂层耐磨性提高了20％以上。     

马氏体不锈钢等离子堆焊铁基合金组织及磨损性能

为了研究马氏体不锈钢的表面性能,采用等离子堆焊技术在Z5CND16-04不锈钢表面制备铁基合金堆焊层.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及销盘磨损实验机等检测设备,对堆焊层的组织结构、成分、硬度和磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,铁基合金堆焊层主要由α-Fe、(Fe,Cr,Mo)7C3和(Fe,Cr,Mo)23C6相组成,添加稀土元素后相组成无明显变化.铁基合金堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性均明显高于马氏体不锈钢基材.添加适量的CeO2后,明显细化了堆焊层的显微组织.     

火焰喷涂镍基碳化钨涂层的高温冲蚀磨损特性

ｘ－射线衍射、能谱分析和ＳＥＭ研究镍基碳化钨自熔性合金粉末火焰喷涂涂层，合金中碳化钨的含量对涂层的组织结构、孔隙率和硬度产生重要影响，进而使涂层的高温冲蚀磨损机制发生相应的变化。随涂层中碳化钨含量的增高，材料流失由基体塑性变形为主转变为碳化钨硬质相的脆性断裂为主，高韧性的Ｎｉ（γ）固溶体对碳化钨起支撑保护作用，弥散分布的硬质相改善了涂层的耐磨性。结果表明，Ｎｉ－ＷＣ３５涂层具有最佳的抗高温冲蚀性能     

Microstructure and corrosion properties of laser cladding MoNi based alloy coatings

Mo-based alloys are widely used for their excellent wear and corrosion resistance as well as high temperature resistance.Mo-NiCrBSi and Mo-Ni alloy coatings were prepared on 1020 water wall tube by laser cladding technology in the present study.The microstructure and phase compositions were analyzed by means of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).The corrosion properties of the coatings were evaluated by an electrochemical experiment at room temperature in 3.5 wt.%NaCl electrolyte.With increasing content of Mo,the structure homogeneity in Mo-Ni coatings deteriorated,the grain size increased,the average hardness and the corrosion resistance declined,due to the more content of harmful phases.Compared to the Mo-Ni coatings,the overall performance was better for the Mo-NiCrBSi,which had the higher hardness contributed by the element B and Si as well as the better corrosion resistance due to the addition of Cr.     

Cr12MoV钢真空油淬工艺研究

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪研究了Cr12MoV钢不同淬火工艺处理后的组织,并通过显微硬度计和磨损试验机测定了样品的显微硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,Cr12MoV钢真空油淬处理后,其组织主要由马氏体、碳化物和残余奥氏体组成。冷处理使残余奥氏体量下降,样品的硬度及耐磨性显著提高。     

高能脉冲冷焊Fe基合金改性层的组织及性能

为了进一步提高核泵用钢的耐磨性能及抗空蚀性能,采用高能脉冲冷焊技术在304不锈钢表面制备了Fe基合金改性层.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分别对改性层的显微组织和相结构进行了分析,利用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机及超声波振荡空蚀仪分别对改性层的显微硬度、耐磨性与抗空蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,改性层组织细密,且主要由基体相α-Fe和硬质碳化物相Cr_(23)C_6和Cr_7C_3组成,改性层的最高显微硬度可达510 HV,相对耐磨性为3.88.空蚀5 h后,改性层的失重量和表面粗糙度分别约为304不锈钢基材的1/5和1/6.     

电弧喷涂铁基涂层的组织与减摩机制分析

为了研究电弧喷涂铁基涂层的组织及减摩机制,采用电弧喷涂技术制备了08Mn2Si、4Cr13和65M n铁基涂层.利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了涂层的组织特征.结果表明,涂层中孔隙的分布是互不连通的,并随机分布.利用Image J计算涂层的孔隙率和氧化物占比,并结合摩擦磨损试验分析了涂层的减摩机制.基于摩擦学理论与摩擦磨损试验,分析了涂层的孔隙储油和氧化物自润滑作用.孔隙和氧化物的存在可以增加涂层的耐磨性,并提高其减摩作用.     

磁控状态下Fe90堆焊层显微组织对力学性能的影响

为了研究直流横向磁场对Fe90堆焊层组织和性能的影响,在Fe90自熔堆焊合金的等离子弧堆焊过程中引入直流横向磁场,采用洛氏硬度仪、磨损试验机对不同规范下试样的硬度、耐磨损性进行测试,采用OM及SEM对堆焊层进行显微组织分析,进而揭示外加磁场对堆焊层性能的作用机理.结果表明,施加磁场的堆焊层要比无磁场作用的堆焊层硬度高、耐磨性好;当堆焊电流为I=180 A,磁场电流为I_m=3 A时,堆焊层性能取得最佳值,其磨损量为0.4218 g,表面硬度HRC为72.1.外加磁场提高堆焊层性能的主要原因是电弧和熔池在磁场作用下运动状态发生改变,改善了堆焊层组织,使堆焊层的组织由柱状晶转化为等轴晶并细化晶粒,进而提高堆焊层的综合力学性能.