纳米纤维素-碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯复合薄膜的制备及应变响应性能

采用2,2,6,6?四甲基哌啶?1?氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化法制备了不同羧基含量的纳米纤维素(CNF),并将其用作碳纳米管(CNTs)的分散剂,通过超声、离心处理制备出稳定均一的CNF?CNTs分散液,然后通过朗伯?比尔定律测定CNF?CNTs分散液中CNTs的浓度,研究了不同CNF羧基含量对CNTs的分散效果。此外,利用静电纺丝法制备出柔性、多孔的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)薄膜作为基体,以CNF?CNTs分散液作为导电填料,通过真空抽滤法将CNF?CNTs负载于TPU多孔膜上,制备出CNF?CNTs/TPU复合薄膜,并探究了不同CNF羧基含量对CNF?CNTs/TPU复合薄膜应变响应性能的影响规律。结果表明,羧基含量对CNF的分散性能具有重要影响。随着CNF羧基含量的提高,CNF对CNTs分散效果越好,CNF?CNTs/TPU复合薄膜具有更大的应变响应范围。当CNF羧基含量为1.698 mmol/g时,CNF?CNTs/TPU复合薄膜的应变响应范围高达507%,灵敏度系数为335,表现出优异的应变响应性能。      

聚乙烯醇/改性纳米纤维素晶体纳米复合薄膜的制备及性能

先用丁二酸酐对纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)进行表面羧基化改性,然后将改性NCC添加到聚乙烯醇(PVA)基体中制备PVA/改性NCC纳米复合薄膜,并进一步热处理制得交联PVA/改性NCC纳米复合薄膜。通过热重分析、差热分析、吸水实验和拉伸实验考察了改性NCC的添加量对薄膜性能的影响,以及加热交联对薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,与纯PVA薄膜相比,添加改性NCC后,薄膜的起始分解温度升高、结晶峰向高温方向移动,吸水率基本不变,力学性能对环境湿度敏感;热处理交联后,薄膜的起始分解温度继续升高、结晶峰也向高温方向移动,吸水率显著降低,力学性能不随环境湿度变化。     

纳米纤维素制备及壳聚糖/NCC复合膜的性能研究

为了探究包装废弃物瓦楞纸板的回收再利用价值,以杨木浆板为对照,采用包装废弃物瓦楞纸板进行纳米纤维素(NCC)的制备,并以不同比例的NCC和壳聚糖复合成膜,比较研究了NCC含量对壳聚糖/NCC复合膜的膜性能的影响。废弃瓦楞纸板制备NCC的得率为53.87%,NCC形态为纺锤形,长度和直径范围分别为54~87nm和3~5nm,与杨木浆板NCC的形态相同,但长度较短。随纳米纤维素含量的增加,复合膜的抗拉强度及伸长率均有所提高,透湿量先增加后减少;透光率没有明显变化,均达99.8%以上。以瓦楞纸板NCC制备的壳聚糖/NCC复合膜的抗拉强度和伸长率略低于以杨木浆板NCC的复合膜。研究结果表明:废弃瓦楞纸板可作为NCC制备的来源,用于壳聚糖/NCC复合膜的制备并改善成膜性能。     

静电纺丝制备聚苯乙烯/纳米纤维素晶体纳米复合薄膜及其性能表征

采用静电纺丝法成功制备出聚苯乙烯(PS)/纳米纤维素晶体(CNCs)纳米复合薄膜,并对复合纤维薄膜的形貌、热学性能、力学性能和疏水性能进行了表征。结果表明,随CNCs添加量的增加,静电纺PS/CNCs纳米复合纤维表面逐渐光滑,且纤维平均直径呈先增大后减小趋势;纳米复合薄膜呈两阶段热分解方式,其最大热解温度由415.2℃升高到421.4℃;纳米复合薄膜的拉伸性能也随CNCs的增加而有所提高,CNCs添加量为m(CNCs)/m(PS)=7/100时得到纳米复合薄膜的最大拉伸应力为(0.4±0.02)MPa,为电纺PS纳米纤维薄膜拉伸应力的5.7倍,而断裂伸长率则呈逐渐减小趋势。亲水性CNCs的加入,并未降低PS本身疏水特性,其接触角先增大至139°后减小到130°,接触角总体呈增大趋势。     

聚乙烯醇/纳米二氧化硅复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用改性纳米二氧化硅,利用熔融挤出法制备出聚乙烯醇/纳米二氧化硅复合薄膜,考察了纳米二氧化硅粉体对复合薄膜综合性能的影响。结果表明,改性纳米二氧化硅粉体在聚乙烯醇薄膜中分散均匀,纳米二氧化硅粉体的加入可使聚乙烯醇薄膜的熔融温度降低10℃左右,热分解温度提高30℃,断裂伸长率提高为原来的142%,耐水性提高为原来的2.4倍,且当纳米二氧化硅粉体的添加量在0.3%以上时,聚乙烯醇薄膜材料在200 nm~280 nm波长范围内的紫外线透过率均为零。     

纳米复合薄膜的制备及其应用研究

纳米复合薄膜材料于具有传统复合材料和现代纳米材料两者的优点,正成为纳米材料的重要分支而越来越引起广泛的重视和深入的研究。本文全面介绍了纳米复合薄膜的发展历史,制备方法,薄膜性能及其应用前景,提出了纳米复合薄材料研究的关键问题以及今后的发展方向。     

纳米复合薄膜的制备及其应用研究

纳米复合薄膜材料由于具有传统复合材料和现代纳米材料两者的优点,正成为纳米材料的重要分支而越来越引起广泛的重视和深入的研究。本文全面介绍了纳米复合薄膜的发展历史、制备方法、薄膜性能及其应用前景。提出了纳米复合薄膜材料研究的关键问题以及今后的发展方向。     

聚乙烯醇－玉米淀粉复合薄膜的制备及性能分析

本研究以聚乙烯醇和玉米淀粉为主要成膜原料,丙三醇、吐温80、二甲基硅油为助剂,通过溶液流延法制备出25μm、40μm、55μm、70μm四种厚度的水溶性薄膜,对不同厚度薄膜的溶解性、拉伸强度、热封性能、透光率等进行包装性能分析。研究结果显示：随厚度增加,薄膜溶解时间明显增长,热封性能有所下降;在相同条件下,厚度为40μm的薄膜优于其余三种厚度薄膜的拉伸强度,达到21．61MPa;四种厚度对薄膜的透光率没有显著影响,均在90％左右。     

氧化纳米纤维素增强再生纤维素全纤维素复合薄膜的制备及性能

以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物(TEMPO)氧化松木粉纳米纤维素(TOCNs)为增强相、α-纤维素粉制备再生纤维素(RC)为基体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化纳米纤维素增强再生纤维素(TOCNs/RC)全纤维素复合薄膜。对不同TOCNs添加量下TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜的力学性能、光学性能、氧气阻隔性能和热稳定性能进行研究,并通过FTIR、SEM、TEM、XRD和流变仪对TOCNs和TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜的结构、形貌及纤维素溶液流变性能进行表征。结果表明,TOCNs添加量对TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜的力学性能有显著影响,当TOCNs添加量(与纤维素基体的质量比)为1.0%时,TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂能分别可达134.3 MPa和21.51 MJ·m?3,具有最佳的综合力学性能;TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜的透光率随TOCNs添加量的增加而下降,雾度随TOCNs添加量的增加而增大,但仍保持较高的透光率(>85%)和较低的雾度(<14%);TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜还具有优异的氧气阻隔性,TOCNs添加量为1.6%时,其透氧系数仅为1.47×10?17cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa。TOCNs/RC全纤维素复合薄膜有优于一般塑料薄膜的拉伸强度和氧气阻隔性,并有可媲美于塑料薄膜的透明度,可作软包装复合材料的强度层和阻隔层,在绿色高性能包装材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。      

木质素-纳米纤维素复合薄膜的制备及其紫外光屏蔽性能

由于臭氧层的破坏及塑料污染,研发具有紫外光屏蔽性能的纤维素基薄膜材料引起广泛重视.为实现紫外光屏蔽剂-木质素与纤维素均匀分散,提出了一种利用高压均质法来实现木质素颗粒及羧甲基化纤维均匀混合的方法,随后结合真空抽滤、热压干燥等工艺制得复合薄膜材料.实验中,对木质素-纳米纤维素(Lignin-CNF,L-CNF)复合膜的微...     

聚乙烯醇/蒙脱土纳米复合薄膜的制备与性能研究?

以甘油作为增塑剂,经溶液流延法加工制备出 PVA/MMT 纳米复合薄膜,研究了纳米蒙脱土(MMT)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)的改性作用。通过对薄膜的结构表征、力学、光学、吸水性、热稳定性等性能研究表明,DK4型号 MMT 与 PVA 分子有着很好的相容性,添加了不同比例的 MMT 均不同程度提高了薄膜的抗拉强度、热稳定性,降低了薄膜的断裂伸长率、吸水性、水蒸气透过系数、透光率,其中添加了1％ DK4型MMT的PVA薄膜有着最好的改性效果。     

Preparation and thermomechanical properties of Ag-PVA nanocomposite films

Metal–polymer hybrid nanocomposites have been prepared from an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃). The silver nanoparticles were generated in PVA matrix by the reduction of silver ions with PVA molecule at 60–70 °C over magnetic stirrer. UV–vis analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and current–voltage analysis were used to characterize the nanocomposite films prepared. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that silver metal is present in face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Average crystallite size of silver nanocrystal is 19 nm, which increases to 22 nm on annealing the film at 150 °C in air. This result is in good agreement with the result obtained from TEM. The UV–vis spectrum shows a single peak at 433 nm, arising from the surface plasmon absorption of silver nanocolloids. This result clearly indicates that silver nanoparticles are embedded in PVA. An improvement of mechanical properties (storage modulus) was also noticed due to a modification of PVA up to 0.5 wt% of silver content. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of nanocomposite films shows increase in current drawn with increasing Ag-content in the films.     

Polyimide/sepiolite nanocomposite films: Preparation, morphology and properties

Polyimide/sepiolite nanocomposite films have been prepared via an in situ polymerization method. The process involves the dispersion of sepioite in N,N-dimethylacetamide, polycondensation of 2,2′-bis [4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] propane dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline in the presence of sepiolite suspension to form poly(amic acid), and the thermal imidization of poly(amic acid)/sepiolite nanocomposite. The morphology, thermal and mechanical performance, and water absorption of nanocomposite films were systematically studied with various sepiolite contents. The results indicated that sepiolite was dispersed homogeneously at a nanometer scale in polyimide matrix. Owing to such nanodispersion of sepiolite, the polyimide/sepiolite nanocomposite films exhibit dramatic improvements on the mechanical properties and the coefficient of thermal expansion while fine thermal stability and low water absorption capacity were also maintained. When the sepiolite content increased to 16% the polyimide/sepiolite nanocomposite film achieved as much as 41% and 94% increase on the tensile strength and modulus respectively, and 50% decreased in coefficient of thermal expansion.     

功能氧化石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料薄膜的制备及阻隔性能

为了提高热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的阻隔性能,首先,采用溶液成型的方法在涂膜机上制备了功能氧化石墨烯(IP-GO)/TPU复合材料薄膜。然后,利用FTIR、XPS、XRD、FE-SEM、原子力显微镜和氧气透过仪对IP-GO/TPU复合材料的形貌和性能进行了表征。结果表明:IP-GO层间距相对原始鳞片石墨的增加了0.696nm,片层的厚度为1.2nm左右。IP-GO以褶皱层状的形式均匀分散在TPU基体中,并且包覆在复合材料薄膜断口表面。当IP-GO含量为3wt%时,IP-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率为84.325cm3/(m2·d·Pa),相比纯TPU薄膜的280.973cm3/(m2·d·Pa)下降了70%,阻隔性能明显提高。研究解决了TPU薄膜阻隔性能不佳的问题,为高阻隔聚合物的制备提供了一种思路和方法。     

Preparation and characterization of melt-extruded thermoplastic starch/clay nanocomposites

A series of gelatinized starch–clay nanocomposites which exhibit intercalated and exfoliated structures have been developed. Various nanoclay dispersions were prepared (either by standard mixing or through the use of ultrasonics) prior to their combination with a high amylose content starch using high-speed mixing and extrusion technology. Intercalated and exfoliated type structures were observed in the sheet extruded nanocomposites using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to the hydrophilic nature of the gelatinized starch nanocomposite a novel preparatory technique was developed to produce nano scale sections for TEM. A range of plasticiser levels were used in conjunction with different unmodified nanoclays (sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and fluorohectorite (Na-FHT)) having different cationic exchange capacities. It was shown that an optimum level of both plasticiser and nanoclay existed to produce a gelatinized starch film with the highest levels of exfoliation, resulting in superior properties. The use of ultrasonics was only advantageous in terms of clay dispersions at medium clay concentrations in the Na-MMT nanocomposites and higher clay concentrations in the Na-FHT, most probably due to the difference in cationic exchange capacity; however when the level of clay, water and starch was optimised an exfoliated structure was produced via standard mixing which exhibited comparable improvements in mechanical properties to ultrasonically treated samples.     

功能化改性还原氧化石墨烯-碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料膜的制备及性能

为提高热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的阻隔及抗静电性能,首先,向功能化改性还原氧化石墨烯(FRGO)中加入原始碳纳米管(CNTs),并通过非共价改性制得在N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中均匀分散的杂化粒子FRGO-CNTs;然后,在涂膜机上通过溶液涂覆法制备了FRGO-CNTs/TPU复合材料膜;最后,利用FTIR、XRD、XPS、FE-SEM、TG、氧气透过仪、高阻计及万能试验机对FRGO-CNTs/TPU复合材料膜的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明:FRGO与CNTs之间通过π-π共轭作用发挥协同效应,并且所制备的FRGO-CNTs与TPU基体的相容性较好;当FRGO-CNTs含量(以TPU为基准)为2.0wt%时,复合材料膜的热分解温度提高了49℃,氧气透过率下降了53.7%;大比表面积的FRGO与高长径比的CNTs能在TPU基体中构建导电网络;当FRGO-CNTs含量仅为0.8wt%时, FRGO-CNTs/TPU复合材料膜的体积电阻率就能下降7个数量级。与此同时,随FRGO-CNTs含量的增加,复合材料膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均先上升而后下降。      

淀粉/PVA复合膜的制备及血液相容性

在无化学处理的条件下制备出淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜, 进行了力学性能、 溶胀度及红外光谱测试, 并通过溶血试验、 动态凝血试验、 血小板消耗试验对复合膜的血液相容性进行了表征。研究结果表明, 通过共混改性把淀粉引入到PVA中, 改善了力学性能和血液相容性。当PVA与淀粉的质量比为4∶1时, 复合膜的抗拉强度为13.73 MPa, 抗拉应变率为43.07%, 性能最佳。      

Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube/polyetherimide nanocomposite films

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polyetherimide (PEI) nanocomposite films have been prepared by casting and imidization. A homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs throughout the PEI matrix is observed by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces, which shows not only a fine dispersion of MWCNTs but also strong interfacial adhesion with the matrix, as evidenced by the presence of many broken but strongly embedded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the matrix and by the absence of debonding of CNTs from the matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis show that the glass transition temperature of PEI increases by about 10 °C by the addition of 1 wt% MWCNTs. Mechanical testing shows that for the addition of 1 wt% MWCNTs, the elastic moduli of the nanocomposites are significantly improved by about 250% while the tensile strength is comparable to that of the matrix. This improvement is due to the strong interfacial interaction between the MWCNTs and the PEI matrix which favors stress transfer from the polymer to the CNTs.     

Synthesis and characterisation of starch/agar nanocomposite films for food packaging application

In the present work cassava starch/agar Ag and ZnO nanocomposite films were prepared by the solution casting method. The structural, physical and antimicrobial properties of the nanocomposite films were studied as a function of the concentration of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed 8–15% degradation of both the nanocomposite films at 150°C endorsing the thermal stability of the films. Scanning electron microscopic analysis reveals the uniform blending of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles with a starch/agar matrix with tiny waves like appearance on the surface. The incorporation of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles in the film was found to reduce the moisture content, water solubility and water vapour permeability with increase in the concentration of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles. The growth kinetics study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of Ag and ZnO blended nanocomposite films showed promising results especially against Gram‐negative P. aeruginosa. Thus, the film synthesised in the present study bears the potential to be used as active packaging material to prevent food from bacterial contamination and spoilage.Inspec keywords: casting, microorganisms, scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticles, food preservation, solubility, thermal analysis, zinc compounds, food processing industry, food products, thermal stability, permeability, antibacterial activity, food packaging, contaminationOther keywords: water vapour permeability, food packaging, solution casting method, structural properties, physical properties, antimicrobial properties, water solubility, agar nanocomposite film, starch nanocomposite film, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial contamination prevention, spoilage prevention, scanning electron microscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, temperature 150.0 degC, Ag, ZnO