一种基于自适应退避窗口的S-MAC协议改进算法研究

在分析S-MAC协议的工作过程以及退避算法的基础上,针对二进制指数退避机制的缺点进行了改进。通过当前退避窗口值和信道忙计数器来反映当前信道的拥塞状况,使节点自适应地调节退避窗口的大小以减少再次碰撞。仿真结果表明,改进后的S-MAC在高速网络环境中提高了网络的吞吐率,并且减少了能量损耗,表现出更好的网络性能。     

无线传感器网络S-MAC协议性能研究

提出一种二维Markov链模型用于S-MAC协议的性能分析与评价。该模型利用信号流图和母函数的方法分析S-MAC协议的介质访问控制(MAC)服务时延,结合M/G/1/K排队模型分析S-MAC协议在非饱和负载下的性能。仿真实验和数值分析结果证明该模型可以较好地描述S-MAC的接入方式。     

无线传感器网络S-MAC协议的分析与算法改进

无线传感器网络（WSN）使用灵活,移动性强,架设便捷,应用范围非常广泛。媒体访问控制（MAC）协议是保证无线传感器网络高效通信的关键网络协议之一。重点分析了WSN中基于竞争的典型MAC协议——S-MAC协议。针对S-MAC协议中采用的退避算法不能良好地解决节点通信公平性等问题,提出了BDQR退避算法。实验结果表明,该算法有效地提高了节点通信公平性,降低了信道的碰撞,延长了网络的生命周期。     

基于感知概率的无线传感器网络节点部署算法

研究无线传感器网络节点部署优化问题,传感器节点的部署在一定程度上决定了无线传感器网络的性能和使用寿命;针对随机部署的无线传感器节点,提出一种基于感知概率模型的节点部署方案;使用证据理论通过计算对节点周围区域的综合感知概率,将虚拟力算法进行改造,使传感器节点向感知概率低的区域移动,实现对监测区域的最大覆盖;仿真结果表明,该部署算法实现节点合理分布,提高网络的覆盖率,减少节点的移动距离,达到延长网络使用寿命的目的。     

适用于S-MAC协议的自适应随机退避机制研究

S-MAC协议通过周期性睡眠侦听机制来减少无线传感器网络中节点能量的消耗,但是其在随机退避过程中使用固定竞争窗口,使其在节点碰撞的避免、节点间公平性以及吞吐率上有所欠缺。针对S-MAC的以上不足,基于二进制指数退避算法(BEB)提出自适应指数随机退避算法(AD-BEB)。AD-BEB算法引入了信道竞争能力参数和网络拥挤参数,根据这两个参数对竞争窗口进行调整,并且窗口的调整经过两个阶段来完成。仿真结果表明,AD-BEB算法能够有效地减少节点的碰撞次数,增加网络的吞吐率和节点的公平性。     

低丢包率无线传感器网络S-MAC协议的研究

针对S-MAC协议的层间丢包问题,利用缓存队列原理提出了一种简化通信数据分组格式的S-MAC协议优化改进方案。结合TinyOS的主动消息机制在Mica2节点上实现了改进的S-MAC协议,并对MAC层的丢包率进行了测试。实验测试结果表明,优化改进后S-MAC协议较标准S-MAC协议在MAC层的丢包率上有明显的降低,提高了网络性能。     

一种结合业务区分的S-MAC协议

针对无线传感器网络中S-MAC协议没有考虑网络的QoS性能问题,本文提出了一种结合业务区分的S-MAC协议,令优先级不同的节点获得不同的接入信道概率,提高了传感器网络的QoS性能。仿真结果显示,改进后的S-MAC协议确实提高了网络的QoS性能。     

一种结合业务区分的S-MAC协议

针对无线传感器网络中S-MAC协议没有考虑网络的QoS性能问题,本文提出了一种结合业务区分的S-MAC协议,令优先级不同的节点获得不同的接入信道概率,提高了传感器网络的QoS性能。仿真结果显示,改进后的S-MAC协议确实提高了网络的QoS性能。     

一种无线传感器网络能量感知路由协议

为延长无线传感器网络生命周期,将节点能量补充与节能路由相结合,在分簇网络的基础上提出一种能量感知路由协议MAPA-MIPC。利用太阳能作为能量补充方式,根据链路上每个节点的能量剩余、消耗以及预测的下一时刻太阳能的收集情况,计算出该节点数据的最佳上传路径。同时在簇首和中转节点选举时检查能量阈值,对于未达到阈值的节点不能成为簇首或转发节点,以确保簇首和能量低的节点具有更长的生命周期。仿真结果表明,与MRRCE和EHA-LEACH协议相比,MAPA-MIPC能够更好地延长网络生命周期。     

一种新的面向卫星网络的链路层S-MAC协议

媒体接入控制协议是卫星网络的一个重要协议。为提高卫星通信网络的信道利用率,提出一种将固定时隙分配和按需请求分配相结合的混合式S-MAC协议。仿真结果表明：S-MAC协议在吞吐量性能上明显优于现有的纯固定分配,在仿真的后期逐渐超过纯按需分配的吞吐量,S-MAC协议在提高信道利用率的同时,保持了较高的吞吐性能和传输时延性能。     

无线传感器网络S-MAC协议能量有效性改进

针对无线传感器网络中节点能量受限的特点,对目前典型的无线传感器网络信道接入协议(S-MAC)的休眠机制进行了改进.改进后的协议(ES-MAC)根据传感/转发事件发生间隔的变化而自适应调整各节点的休眠时长以节省空闲监听的能量消耗,从而延长整个网络的生存时间.仿真结果表明,在传感/转发事件发生间隔较长的情况下,改进后的协议能够很好地工作,并提高了原协议的能量有效性.     

An improved transport layer protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a kind of communication networks having independent sensor nodes that form multi-hop ad hoc network to transfer data. In the past few years, various transport control protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed and proposed in the literature. In this paper, we have analyzed pump slowly, fetch quickly (PSFQ) protocol and presented an improved transport layer protocol for wireless sensor networks. The improved protocol has been analyzed based on various factors such as average latency and average error tolerance and it is found that the proposed protocol is better than PSFQ in terms of these factors.     

无线传感网络低占空比MAC协议性能研究

恰当的通信协议对降低无线通信能耗,延长网络寿命具有重要的意义。低占空比MAC协议通过节点的休眠机制,大大降低了通信模块的空闲监听能耗。以S-MAC协议为例,研究了树型拓扑下低占空比协议的能耗性能、时延性能以及吞吐量,分析了各性能之间的关系以及休眠机制对性能的影响,并通过研究指出了协议的改进方向。     

一种改进的无线传感器网络最小跳数路由协议

针对无线传感器网络最小跳数路由协议数据包多路径冗余传输,能量消耗不均衡等问题,提出了一种改进的无线传感器网络最小跳数路由协议。该协议通过引入侦听机制在网络中建立传输路径,同时采用一种新的能量均衡策略解决关键节点能耗过快的问题,以有效延长网络寿命。通过自主研发的无线传感器网络仿真平台进行仿真,比较最小跳数路由协议和改进协议的性能。实验结果表明:改进协议能够很好的均衡网络能量消耗,提高网络能量有效性,延长了网络寿命。     

An asynchronous MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

The MAC protocol for wireless sensor network plays a very important role in the control of energy consumption. It is a very important issue to effectively utilize power under the condition of limited energy. The most energy-wasting part of the MAC protocol for wireless sensor network is at the idling condition. Therefore it is crucial for power saving to be able to turn off the signal transducer of the wireless network when the equipment is idling. Pattern-MAC (PMAC) allows sensors that did not transfer for a long period of time to quickly enter a dormant state, so that the problem of sensor overhearing can be greatly improved, and the whole network structure can fully respond to the actual transfer rate without too much energy consumption, but this type of design requires precise time synchronization mechanism. Achieving time synchronization is a very energy consuming and very expensive mechanism in the sensor network structure, achieving the goal is coupled with excess energy consumption and reduction of the lifespan of the sensor. Additionally, the exchange action with the neighboring pattern after each cycle, not only generates additional energy consumption for data transfer, but is also accompanied by factors such as competition, collision and pattern exchange failure. We propose an asynchronous MAC protocol (AMAC) in this paper and expect to improve the problem of energy wasting and time synchronization due to sleeping schedule exchange under the PMAC basic protocol.     

An asynchronous scheduled MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise a number of autonomous sensors and one or more sinks to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Energy efficiency is a key design factor of a MAC protocol for WSNs. Due to the importance of the problem, a number of energy efficient MAC protocols have been developed for WSNs. Preamble-sampling based MAC protocols (e.g., B-MAC and X-MAC) have overheads due to their preambles, and are inefficient at large wakeup intervals. SCP-MAC, a synchronous scheduled energy-efficient scheduling MAC protocol, minimizes the preamble by combining preamble sampling and scheduling techniques; however, it does not prevent energy loss due to overhearing; in addition, due to its synchronization procedure, it results in increased contention and delay. In this paper, we present an energy efficient MAC protocol for WSNs that avoids overhearing and reduces contention and delay by asynchronously scheduling the wakeup time of neighboring nodes. We provide an energy consumption analysis for multi-hop networks. To validate our design and analysis, we implement the proposed scheme in TinyOS. Experimental results show that AS-MAC considerably reduces energy consumption, packet loss and delay when compared with existing energy efficient MAC protocols.     

WSN中一种高效节能的分簇路由协议

针对传感器网络存在的节点能耗过快问题,提出了一种新的分簇路由协议EEGC。该协议底层拓扑采用分簇及簇内部分覆盖算法,有效地降低了网络能耗。上层拓扑采用近簇头单跳通信、远簇头多跳通信的方式,缓解了内环簇头能耗过快的问题。同时,以簇头剩余能量决定簇及簇间路由的重构,进一步提高了控制消息的效率。仿真验证表明,EEGC协议的网络寿命明显优于LEACH。     

An energy-driven unequal clustering protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Due to the limitation of energy resources, energy efficiency is a key issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering is proved to be an important way to realize hierarchical topology control, which can improve the scalability and prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, an energy-driven unequal clustering protocol (EDUC) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks is proposed. EDUC includes an unequal clustering algorithm and an energy-driven adaptive cluster head rotation method. The unequal size of clusters can balance the energy consumption among clusters, and the energy-driven cluster head rotation method can achieve the balance of energy consumption among nodes within a cluster, which reduces the waste of energy. Simulation experiments show that EDUC balances the energy consumption well among the cluster heads and prolongs the network lifetime.     

A novel energy-efficient clustering protocol with area coverage awareness for wireless sensor networks

Coverage is a key metric in evaluating the monitoring capacity and quality of services in wireless sensor networks. The energy consumption of self-contained sensors is also a challenging problem for energy-efficient use while still achieving better coverage performance. Although techniques have been developed to mitigate the problem of area coverage, particularly together with efficient clustering methods, none focuses intensively on the sensor activation stage, which is used to maintain coverage while optimizing energy usage. In this research, we thus propose a cover set to find the minimum set of sensors that completely cover the sensing ranges within an interest area as a criterion for sensor activation. Our main goal is to select an optimal number of active sensors considering residual energy and the cover set and to keep alive the important sensors for the sensing coverage task as long as possible. Additionally, this research proposes an area coverage-aware clustering protocol (ACACP) with energy consumption optimization with respect to the activation sensor, network clustering, and multi-hop communication to improve overall network lifetime while preserving coverage. Throughout the intensive simulation, given a diversity of deployments with scalability concern, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of ACACP when compared with other competitive approaches such as ECDC and DECAR, including state-of-the-art clustering protocols such as LEACH, in terms of coverage ratio and overall network lifetime.     

一种能量有效的无线传感器网络轮询接入控制协议

周期性休眠的PCF机制虽然较好地解决了无线传感器网络的能耗问题,但没有考虑节点的负载状态,降低了系统性能,也增加了系统的查询能耗.以限定(K=1)服务为基础,提出了一种改进的PCF轮询控制协议,即具有混合服务策略的无线传感器网络轮询接入控制协议PCF-SS.该协议在保障公平性的前提下,能够根据节点状态动态调整优先级并改变服务K值,中心服务器AP则根据各节点的服务K值在每轮服务时对节点的下一轮服务时间进行预估计,并采用统一的服务时间表唤醒节点,达到节能的效果.仿真实验表明系统的平均等待时间、平均排队队长等性能指标比周期性休眠的PCF机制要好,能量的有效利用率更高,具有更长的生命周期,适合作为无线传感器网络的MAC控制协议.