一种光伏发电系统的柔性功率输出控制策略北大核心CSCD

从功率供需平衡角度出发,深入研究了基于有功备用的光伏发电系统稳定运行控制策略,提出一种光伏发电系统柔性功率点跟踪(FPPT)控制策略。当光伏阵列输出功率发生波动时,按照负荷或调度功率需求进行功率匹配,使光伏阵列始终运行在稳定区域,改善无储能光伏虚拟同步发电机运行特性。基于RT-LAB实时仿真实验平台搭建了两级式光伏发电系统模型,DC/DC控制环节采用文章所提出的FPPT控制策略,DC/AC环节采用经典的VSG控制策略,实时仿真实验结果验证了所提出控制方法的正确性与有效性。     

基于滑模变功率跟踪的PV-VSG控制技术

针对含储能装置的传统光伏虚拟同步发电机（PV-VSG）不仅投资成本高且未考虑光伏阵列输出特性的问题,提出一种基于滑模变功率点跟踪（SM-VPT）的PV-VSG控制策略。该方法在滑模控制的基础上引入直流母线电压偏差控制,调整光伏阵列的功率跟踪轨迹,实现光伏出力自适应匹配负载需求,即当光伏容量充足时,只提供与负载相匹配的功率;光伏功率不足时,可实现传统的MPPT控制以减少电力短缺,同时防止直流电压骤降,保证系统稳定运行。该方法使PV-VSG能够按需向负载供电,无需增加额外的储能设备,可实现光伏发电系统直接以VSG形式接入并网,仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

一种光储独立并网式虚拟同步发电机控制方法

以光储独立并入电网的虚拟同步发电机结构为研究对象,提出考虑储能输出功率限制的有功调节方案和光储共同参与电压调整的无功调节方案。在有功功率环,当储能系统的充放电功率达到上限时,通过附加控制调节机械转矩,稳定虚拟同步发电机控制方程,避免储能过充或过放风险。在无功功率环,光伏系统与储能系统共同承担无功调压任务,减轻储能系统的无功功率输出负担,实现无功功率合理分配。最后,通过仿真分析和RT-LAB实验结果验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

一种光储独立并网式虚拟同步发电机控制方法

以光储独立并入电网的虚拟同步发电机结构为研究对象,提出考虑储能输出功率限制的有功调节方案和光储共同参与电压调整的无功调节方案。在有功功率环,当储能系统的充放电功率达到上限时,通过附加控制调节机械转矩,稳定虚拟同步发电机控制方程,避免储能过充或过放风险。在无功功率环,光伏系统与储能系统共同承担无功调压任务,减轻储能系统的无功功率输出负担,实现无功功率合理分配。最后,通过仿真分析和RT-LAB实验结果验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

含多微源的微网并网控制运行特性研究

文章以永磁同步风力发电机、光伏发电系统、蓄电池储能系统建立了混合微网结构模型。为了充分发挥各微源的优势并保证微网的供电质量,对各微源控制器采用不同控制策略进行。对风力发电系统采用改进PQ控制、光伏发电DC/DC变换器进行最大功率跟踪法控制以及蓄电池采用定直流电压控制来维持直流母线电压。文章基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件对系统不同运行工况进行仿真,结果表明控制策略具有正确性及可行性。     

靠港船舶接入港口岸电时负载转移策略研究

靠港船舶使用港口岸电电源代替船侧发电机为船用负载供电,可有效减少环境污染。船舶靠港和离港时,岸电电源与发电机都存在短时并联的过程用来实现船舶负载的平滑转移。针对岸电电源采用传统下垂控制(Droop控制)实现负载转移时容易出现功率超调而导致船舶发电机逆功率的缺点,采用虚拟同步发电机(Virtual synchronous generator,VSG)策略对岸电电源进行控制,并提出二段式负载转移策略使岸电电源能够先与发电机均分负载功率再达到功率指令值,通过参数优化使负载在转移的过程中不出现功率超调进而提高船舶岸电系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提策略可以有效解决岸电电源输出功率超调问题且保证了负载转移过程平滑、无冲击,研究成果可对岸电电源设计提供参考。     

基于改进型恒压控制与直流电压控制的交流微网协调控制方法研究

PQ控制、下垂控制与交流微网中光伏发电、风力发电等微电源之间存在协调性差问题,该文通过采用交流微网的直流电压控制策略,可使直流电压控制与光伏发电、风力发电之间的配合与协调更好,但当采用直流电压控制时,光伏发电、风力发电微电源的恒压控制策略就无法实现,为此改进恒压控制策略,提出基于改进型恒压控制与直流电压控制的交流微网的协调控制策略。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果验证了该文所提控制策略的有效性和可行性。     

基于改进惯量阻尼特性的VSG控制策略

针对虚拟同步发电机并网运行时存在有功输出功率动、静态特性不能兼顾的问题,该文基于经典控制理论,对虚拟同步发电机的惯量阻尼特性进行了深入分析研究。在此基础上,提出了一种基于改进惯量阻尼特性的VSG控制策略。该策略分别在传统VSG控制前向通道和阻尼反馈通道增加微分校正环节,通过改变其动静态特性,满足不同频段的控制品质需求,解决了传统虚拟同步发电机技术存在的不足。仿真结果表明,改进的惯量阻尼特性VSG控制策略可行、有效,并表现出优越的控制品质。     

光伏逆变电源可变虚拟惯量控制策略的研究

孤岛模式下频率的稳定对光伏逆变电源的正常运行至关重要,为了实现在孤岛模式下输出电能频率的稳定,该文采用虚拟同步发电机(VSG)思想设计VSG的功频控制器,考虑当频率发生变化时VSG功频控制器调整较慢的问题,提出一种可变虚拟惯量的控制策略,通过实时选择不同的虚拟惯量值来实现快速平抑频率波动。实验结果表明该方法可更快速地实现功率跟踪和频率稳定。     

多虚拟同步发电机并联系统的改进控制策略

针对多虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator, VSG)并联系统中存在环流及功率不能按比例分配的问题,提出一种改进的功率分配策略。首先,改进并联预同步策略,通过对有功环添加频率补偿使机台平滑、稳定并入系统,减少并联瞬间电流冲击带来的功率震荡。其次,通过环流分析,提出在每台VSG无功环上添加电压补偿,保障各VSG输出电压一致,减少系统环流,提高功率精分度,通过小信号分析,验证控制策略的正确性。最后,分析得出VSG参数与功率按比例分配的关系,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建3台VSG并联模型,仿真验证了所提控制策略的可行性,其实现了机台功率按不同容量比分配,且在面对负荷突变时依然能稳定运行。     

虚拟同步发电机技术控制的MMC型固态变压器

针对在大容量直流负荷和高渗透率分布式电源接入固态变压器低压侧时,高压并网接口易呈惯量低、阻尼特性差的问题,提出一种虚拟同步发电机技术控制的模块化多电平换流器（MMC）型固态变压器。首先,分析虚拟同步发电机原理并推导MMC与虚拟同步发电机的等效数学模型,并将虚拟同步发电机技术融入到输入级的控制中,使并网接口的惯性与阻尼增强,在输出端功率变化时对上级电网呈现出友好的柔性缓冲能力。其次,为提升MMC型固态变压器对上级电网的频率支撑能力,在低压直流环节配置储能装置,通过改变充放电功率主动响应一次调频。然后,通过输入级的无功控制环节,验证其具备一定的调压能力。最后建立仿真模型验证了所提控制策略的有效性与可行性。     

A photovoltaic power-generation system with peak power cut function

This paper presents a photovoltaic-peak power-cutting (PV-PPC) system capable of cutting peak load power. The proposed system is composed of a PV generator, DC–DC converter, storage battery, and an inverter. The function of the proposed PV-PPC system is to use PV energy to cut the peak load power in response to the change in the load demand and generating power. Four possible power flow scenarios are examined in detail through the bidirectional operation of the DC–DC converter and inverter, through the charging and discharging of the battery. The suggested PV-PPC system operation algorithm first selects the operational state by using differentiated charge and load information, with a simple structure to enable stopping in the case of system failure, and operates depending on the selected state. Then, the analysis modelling and operational control algorithm of the PV-PPC-generation system are performed in detail. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the validity of the system.     

Coordinated control strategy for a PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator

Due to the characteristics of intermittent photovoltaic power generation and power fluctuations in distributed photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic grid-connected systems are usually equipped with energy storage units. Most of the structures combined with energy storage are used as the DC side. At the same time, virtual synchronous generators have been widely used in distributed power generation due to their inertial damping and frequency and voltage regulation. For the PV-storage grid-connected system based on virtual synchronous generators, the existing control strategy has unclear function allocation, fluctuations in photovoltaic inverter output power, and high requirements for coordinated control of PV arrays, energy storage units, and photovoltaic inverters, which make the control strategy more complicated. In order to solve the above problems, a control strategy for PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator is proposed. In this strategy, the energy storage unit implements maximum power point tracking, and the photovoltaic inverter implements a virtual synchronous generator algorithm, so that the functions implemented by each part of the system are clear, which reduces the requirements for coordinated control. At the same time, the smooth power command is used to suppress the fluctuation of the output power of the photovoltaic inverter. The simulation validates the effectiveness of the proposed method from three aspects: grid-connected operating conditions, frequency-modulated operating conditions, and illumination sudden-drop operating condition. Compared with the existing control strategies, the proposed method simplifies the control strategies and stabilizes the photovoltaic inverter fluctuation in the output power of the inverter.     

一种基于VSG技术的混合微电网控制策略

针对混合微电网易受负荷和电源波动影响的问题,提出一种基于虚拟同步发电机技术的混合微电网控制策略,增强混合微电网的惯性能够平抑频率和电压突变,同时,联络换流器(interfacing converter,IC)根据2个子网的需要进行功率交换。建立IC控制的小信号模型,推导负荷及电源变化与传输功率之间的传递函数。分析系统的动态性能,确定控制参数的选取方法。最后,仿真与实验验证所提算法能够改善混合微电网的动态性能,增强电网的稳定性。     

Combined operation of DC isolated distribution and PV systems for supplying unbalanced AC loads

This paper describes a DC isolated network which is fed by distributed generation (DG) from photovoltaic (PV) renewable sources to supply unbalanced AC loads. The battery energy storage bank has been connected to the DC network via DC/DC converter called storage converter to control the network voltage and optimize the operation of the PV generation units. The PV units are connected to the DC network via its own DC/DC converter called PV converter to ensure the required power flow. The unbalanced AC loads are connected to the DC network via its own DC/AC converter called load converter without transformer. This paper proposes a novel control strategy for storage converter which has a DC voltage droop regulator. Also a novel control system based on Clarke and Park rotating frame has been proposed for load converters. In this paper, the proposed operation method is demonstrated by simulation of power transfer between PV units, unbalanced AC loads and battery units. The simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC software show that DC isolated distribution system including PV units can provide the balanced voltages to supply unbalanced AC loads.     

Power quality improvement of solar photovoltaic transformer-less grid-connected system with maximum power point tracking control

This paper presents a transformer-less single-stage grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with active reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in the reactive power generation mode, which powers control circuitry and maintains regulated DC voltage. Control scheme has been implemented so that the grid-connected converter continuously serves local load. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been implemented at maximum power which performs power quality control by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid-injected current under varying environmental conditions. Standards (IEEE-519/1547) stipulates that current with THD greater than 5% cannot be injected into the grid by any distributed generation (DG) source. MPPT tracks actual variable DC link voltage while deriving maximum power from PV array and maintains DC link voltage constant by changing the converter modulation index. Simulation results with the PV model and MPPT technique validations demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.     

Photovoltaic field emulation including dynamic and partial shadow conditions

In this paper the development of a new laboratory prototype for the emulation of a photovoltaic (PV) field is presented. The proposed system is based on a DC/DC step-down converter topology and allows to obtain the solar array I–V curves, taking into account the environmental changes in solar irradiance and cell temperature. The DC/DC converter control strategy is deduced by using a comprehensive mathematical model of the PV field whose parameters are obtained from the knowledge of: (a) maximum power point data, measured when the PV plant power converter is running, (b) open circuit voltage and short-circuit current, measured off-line. This approach allows the most accurate representation of the PV source. Computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed circuit acts as a highly accurate and efficient laboratory simulator of the photovoltaic array electrical characteristics both in steady state and transient conditions. Partial shading and fluctuating conditions can be reproduced too. Moreover the dynamic behaviour of the proposed laboratory emulator is suitable to its effective connection to power electronic interface to the utility or to load through a DC/DC boost converter.     

A smooth co-ordination control for a hybrid autonomous power system (HAPS) with battery energy storage (BES)

The standalone hybrid power system constitutes a synchronous generator driven by a diesel engine, renewable energy source (wind) apart from a battery energy storage system. A coherent control strategy to regulate the voltage and frequency of the standalone grid is proposed in this paper. The system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink for preliminary validation and further tested on a laboratory prototype which involves a TMS320LF2407A DSP controller to digitally implement the control strategy. The dynamic behavior of the system is perused through the direct connection of an induction machine. The control strategy is verified for step changes in load and variation in wind power.