转炉高钛铁水冶炼工艺优化

由于高炉采用钛矿护炉,使得铁水中的钛质量分数明显增高,已远远超出转炉正常冶炼要求。为了减轻高钛铁水对120 t转炉冶炼带来的不利影响,如过程喷溅、“炉渣返干”、炉口黏渣等情况,通过改变铁水消化模式、供氧制度、枪位制度、造渣制度和终点控制制度等方面进行冶炼工艺优化,成功解决了这一系列问题。结果表明,优化后的冶炼工艺不仅缩短了废钢入炉的时间,稳定了过程控制,而且加快了生产节奏,吨钢钢铁料消耗降低2.5 kg,取得了较好的实践效果和经济效益。     

提高废钢比对转炉冶炼的影响分析

莱钢银山型钢炼钢厂为有效利用废钢资源,降低铁水消耗,通过分析提高废钢比对物料加入量和终点控制的影响,开发出高废钢比转炉冶炼技术。研究转炉物料平衡和热平衡计算,得出转炉废钢最佳的配比;优化调整转炉枪位和氧压模型及转炉加料模型,建立大废钢量冶炼模型,提高转炉脱磷率和终点命中率;优化升级废钢斗等设备,满足高废钢比生产需求;使用带碗砖出钢口,提高出钢口使用寿命,降低平均出钢时间。     

钒钛铁水冶炼提升废钢比的探索与实践

西昌钢钒有限公司高炉使用钒钛矿,铁水含钒钛较高,炼钢采用提钒-炼钢的双联工艺,提钒过程的冷却工艺削弱了热源优势,半钢碳低、硅低、锰低和温度低的特点又造成炼钢转炉热源不足,成渣难等问题,限制了提钒炉和炼钢炉废钢比的提升。通过对提钒炉、炼钢炉提高废钢比的工艺研究和探索,西昌钢钒成功将全流程的废钢比从2%～6%的水平提升至7%～10%水平,并保证了转炉的炉体状况和钢水洁净度,在钒钛铁水冶炼的企业中处于先进水平。     

转炉低铁水消耗冶炼工艺实践

环保形势日益严峻,对钢铁公司限产要求逐步常态化,铁水供应不足是北方各大钢厂面临的主要问题之一。转炉采用低铁水消耗冶炼模式符合绿色发展的潮流。针对转炉低铁耗冶炼模式面临的热量不足和废钢质量控制难的问题,通过废钢预热、选用合适的补热剂、优化氧枪参数设计、少渣冶炼,废钢分类管理等措施,转炉铁水消耗由1 000 kg/t降低到830 kg/t,且保证了转炉终点氧位稳定。     

基于转炉热平衡的石灰石CaO理论替代比研究

通过转炉热平衡计算,建立了转炉富余热量与铁水成分和温度、废钢加入量和转炉出钢温度等工艺参数之间关系式;定义了转炉用石灰石代替活性石灰炼钢的CaO理论替代比η,并建立了石灰石CaO理论替代比与转炉富余热量之间的函数关系。研究表明:1)提高入炉铁水温度和铁水含碳量可显著提高转炉石灰石CaO理论替代比;2)铁水中的硅含量对石灰石CaO理论替代比的影响与铁水入炉温度有关,当入炉铁水温度低于1 300℃时,提高铁水硅含量能使石灰石CaO理论替代比增加;当入炉铁水温度高于1 300℃时,石灰石CaO理论替代比随铁水硅含量的增加反而下降;3)在转炉终渣碱度和出钢温度一定时,减少废钢加入量可以大幅度提高转炉用石灰石代替活性石灰炼钢的CaO理论替代比。     

转炉高硅高钛铁水冶炼工艺优化

针对唐钢中厚板公司转炉入炉铁水硅高钛高、转炉操作难度较大、易发生转炉喷溅导致金属收得率低的问题,从装入制度、供氧制度和造渣制度等方面对高硅高钛铁水冶炼工艺进行了优化。改进后,转炉喷溅率由4.3%降至1%,钢铁料消耗降低了2.15 kg/t,取得了显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

降低100 t转炉铁钢比的途径

根据国内某炼钢厂100 t转炉的入炉金属料参数和冶炼相关参数,运用物料平衡、热平衡计算方法,对转炉的物料平衡、热平衡进行计算,算出不同入炉铁水量及温度下的合理废钢加入量、出钢量和铁钢比.通过分析影响铁钢比变化的两个主要影响因素:铁水人炉温度和铁水入炉量,来研究铁钢比与废钢加入量、出钢量之间的关系.提出100 t转炉降低铁钢比的具体措施,供相关炼钢厂参考.     

涟钢210t转炉低铁水比生产实践

涟钢210t转炉通过采取铁水保温措施,推行铁水"一罐到底"、提高入炉铁水温度,加快冶炼节奏,降低转炉冶炼过程钢水热损失,对部分热量不足的炉次添加发热剂等措施,使低铁水比的冶炼工艺得以实施,综合铁水比由85.3%降低至74.8%,增加钢产量约80万t。     

转炉低铁水比例冶炼生产实践

石横特钢通过加强入炉铁水保温、提高＂一罐到底＂入炉率、降低钢水过程热损失和终点出钢温度等措施,保证了转炉的热平衡,使低铁水工艺得以实施。通过调整过程枪位、适当增加终点前低枪吹炼时间、留渣操作等低铁水比例冶炼工艺,2009年上半年增加钢产量约3.9万t,产生经济效益800万元以上。     

低铁耗下废钢入炉问题探讨

针对柳钢转炉提高废钢配比以低铁耗模式冶炼生产出现的进废钢卡头、兑铁水冒烟等问题,介绍开展的3种类型废钢包块装入量配斗入炉试验,以及提出的装斗顺序、料型结构及配比等优化措施。     

大型转炉低硅铁水炼钢研究

针对转炉低硅铁水炼钢成渣困难,渣量少不利于脱磷,容易产生粘枪、粘烟罩等问题,在吹炼过程中加入适量熔剂,枪位稍高于正常含硅铁水炼钢,设计化渣效果好、喷溅少的多孔喷头。低硅铁水炼钢化学热减少,可减少矿石、废钢用量,保证熔池金属正常的升温速度。低硅铁水炼钢可以实现少渣炼钢,有利于减少石灰消耗和提高金属收得率。     

低硅铁水冶炼工艺优化

简介西林钢铁公司炼钢总厂低硅铁水冶炼工艺。生产实践表明,加强转炉热平衡控制,从转炉装入制度、供氧制度、造渣制度进行优化,加强前期成渣控制,中期保证炉渣泡沫化,有效解决低硅铁水冶炼成渣困难、热量少、易粘枪等难题,使此流程生产成本降低。     

100t转炉用含钛铁水冶炼高碳钢的留渣+单渣操作实践

针对100t转炉用含钛铁水冶炼高碳钢的前期成渣难于熔化、脱磷率低的问题,分析了含钛铁水转炉炼钢的成渣过程和炉渣的物理特性,开发了留渣+单渣工艺技术。循环利用终点炉渣,充分发挥渣中10%～13%FeO高（FeO）含量的特点,快速把含钛铁水冶炼前期的CaO-TiO₂-SiO₂三元渣系转变为CaO-TiO₂-SiO₂-FeO四元渣系,脱除钢中大部分磷。控制终渣碱度大于3.2、（TiO₂）含量小于5%,使转炉出钢[C]≥0.20%、[P]≤0.014%,转炉炼钢脱磷率达到88%～92%,石灰消耗下降到28 kg/t钢。     

Investigation on Steelmaking with Hot Metal Containing Low Silicon Content in Large Converter

Due to high PCI rate,lowcoke rate and high u-tilization coefficient on blast furnace,the siliconcontent of hot metal has been reduced obviously atBaosteel.For each reduced0.1%silicon content ofhot metal,the productivity of BF can be increasedby1.0%-1.5%,a…     

Numerical Model of Scrap Blending in BOF with Simultaneous Consideration of Steel Quality,Production Cost,and Energy Use

At its integrated steel plant in Luleå, SSAB EMEA produces high strength steel via two basic oxygen furnaces (BOFs), type LD/LBE. The BOFs are charged with a mix of hot metal, scrap, and slag formers. The scrap has several functions, for example, as coolant to balance excess heat, and it contributes to high steel production rate and decreased CO₂ emission. The optimal scrap to hot metal ratio is influenced by several factors, for example, the excess heat generated in the BOF versus target value of tapping temperature, content of contamination elements versus contents allowed in the steel, possible use of alloys in scrap to decrease the need of alloy addition and the scrap price versus the production cost of hot metal. The first two factors also affect the maximum amount of scrap to be charged. Furthermore, the available scrap exists as several types with different composition, properties, size, and price. For most scrap types there are also uncertainties in composition, which has to be considered. An optimization model has been further developed in combination with some statistic analysis techniques. The present work is focusing on the possibility to use the model as a tool to optimize and control raw material/scrap blending into the BOFs. On the basis of the statistical analysis technique, the scrap sorting in the model will be described, as well as development and introduction of an extended BOF sub‐model. This model includes a scrap sorting function and a response on deviations in steel quality. Real production data is used to identify steel quality parameters with consideration of different combination of elements, for example, S, Cr, Ni, and Cu. The possible solutions with simultaneous consideration of steel quality, energy consumption and production cost are presented.     

电弧炉超音速集束氧枪吹炼的钢水留碳操作实践

建立了70 t电弧炉冶炼中高碳钢的留碳操作的数学模型。按照出钢时钢水碳含量的要求,基于入炉废钢和铁水成分,控制超音速集束氧枪的吹炼参数,合理使用炉门自耗式碳氧枪和采用相应的炉渣碱度,以实现目标留碳操作。0.55%C钢的冶炼实践表明,当热装铁水30%时,电弧炉终点[C]为0.40%～0.65%的炉次≥85%,显著降低了冶炼成本。     

高磷铁水顶底复吹转炉双渣法冶炼工艺实践

舞钢在没有铁水预脱磷设备的条件下,为了提高转炉钢冶炼前期的脱磷效率,结合转炉不同吹炼时期特点,通过生产实践,探索高磷铁水顶底复吹转炉双渣法冶炼工艺生产低磷钢的方法,确定了吹炼过程中合理的氧枪枪位和原料投放时机,总结出一倒时间、碱度、温度等关键操作制度,最终开发出直接利用高磷铁水生产低磷钢的转炉双渣法冶炼工艺技术,满足了低磷钢种对钢水洁净度的要求,达到了降本增效的目的。     

Thermal and chemical analysis of massive use of hot briquetted iron inside basic oxygen furnace

The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel, especially for deep drawing operations.BOF steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic speed.In order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron, HBI (hot briquetted iron) can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast iron.Forty industrial experim ental tests were perform ed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in BOF.The experimental campaign was supported by a ther-mal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation enthalpy.Furthermore, the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.     

铁水包扒渣过程的数值模拟

 对炼钢来说,入炉的铁水渣量大,使得冶炼周期长、消耗高。因此,在铁水进入转炉前,将铁水包内的高硫渣除去显得十分重要。实验中采用一种新型喷枪,置于铁水包后部,向铁水包喷吹氮气,使渣聚集,从而提高扒渣效率,减少铁水损失。并采用数值模拟的方法研究各项生产因素对吹渣效果和温度的影响。结果表明：枪浸入深度的增加会改善吹渣效果,吹气量的增大也有助于气体排渣。     

济钢低硅铁水吹炼工艺实践

介绍了低硅铁水的吹炼工艺实践。通过对少渣炼钢过程的理论分析,采用倒锥度氧枪、优化供氧及造渣制度、控制终渣碱度等措施,解决了低硅铁水炼钢的造渣、脱磷、脱硫、粘枪等技术难题,实现了低硅铁水条件下的少渣炼钢,降低了石灰消耗、提高了金属收得率。